248 



TUBERCULOSIS. 



> 



\ 



tf 



a , 



number and in their site is met with in tuberculosis of other 



animals. 



% I n dis- 



charges from 



tubercular le- 



H l u- u 



'.^ % sions which 



/ are breaking 



down, tuber- 

 cle bacilli are 

 usually to 

 be found. In 

 the sputum of 

 phthisical pa- 

 tients their 

 presence can 

 be demon- 

 strated almost 

 invariably at 

 some period, 

 and sometimes 

 their numbers 

 are very large 

 (for method of 



staining see p. 104). Several examinations may, however, require 



to be made ; this should always be done before any conclusion 



as to the non-tubercular nature 



of a case is come to. In cases 



of genito-urinary tuberculosis 



they are usually present in the 



urine ; but as they are much 



diluted it is difficult to find 



them unless a very complete 



formation of deposit is allowed 



to take place. This deposit is 



examined in the same way as 



the sputum. It is, however, 



much easier to obtain their sep- 



FIG. 91. Tubercle bacilli in giant-cells, showing the radiate 

 arrangement at the periphery of the cells. Section of tubercular 

 udder of cow. Stained with carbol-fuchsin and Bismarck-brown. 

 X loco. 



aration by means Of the Cen- 

 trifuge. If this method is 

 employed, bacilli Can Usually 



FIG. 92. Tubercle bacilli in urine ; show- 

 ing one of the characteristic clumps, in which 



they often occur. Stained with carbol-fuchsin 

 and methylene-blue. Xiooo. 



