2/6 GLANDERS AND RHINOSCLEROMA. 



In horses the lesions are of two types, to which the names "glanders" 

 proper and "farcy" have been given, though both may exist together. In 

 glanders proper the septum nasi and adjacent parts are chiefly affected, there 

 occurring in the mucous membrane nodules which are at first firm and of 

 somewhat translucent grey appearance. The growth of these is attended 

 usually by inflammatory swelling and profuse catarrhal discharge. Afterwards 

 the nodules soften in the centre, break down, and give rise to irregular ulcera- 

 tions. Similar lesions, though in less degree, may be found in the respiratory 

 passages. Associated with these lesions there is usually implication of the 

 lymphatic glands in the neck, mediastinum, etc. ; and there may be in the 

 lungs, spleen, liver, etc., nodules of the size of a pea or larger, of greyish or 

 yellow tint, firm or somewhat softened in the centre, and often surrounded 

 with a congested zone. The term "farcy" is applied to the affection of the 

 superficial lymphatic vessels and glands, which is specially seen where infection 

 takes place through an abrasion of the skin, such as is often produced by the 

 rubbing of the harness. The lymphatic vessels become irregularly thickened, 

 so as to appear like knotted cords, and the associated lymphatic glands be- 

 come enlarged and firm, though suppurative softening usually follows, and 

 there may be ulceration. These thickenings are often spoken of as "farcy 

 buds-' and "farcy pipes." In farcy also, secondary nodules may occur in 

 internal organs and the nasal mucous membrane. In the ass the disease runs 

 a more acute course than in the horse. 



In man the disease is met with in two forms, an acute and a 

 chronic ; though intermediate forms also occur, and chronic cases 

 may take on the characters of the acute disease. The site of 

 inoculation is usually on the hand or arm, by means of some 

 scratch or abrasion, or possibly along a hair follicle, sometimes on 

 the face, and occasionally on the mucous membrane of the mouth, 

 nose, or eye. In the acute form there appears at the site of in- 

 oculation inflammatory swelling, attended usually with spreading 

 redness, and the lymphatics in relation to the part also become 

 inflamed, the appearances being those of a "poisoned wound." 

 These local changes are soon followed by marked constitutional 

 disturbance, and by an eruption on the surface of the body, at 

 first papular and afterwards pustular, and later there may form in 

 the subcutaneous tissue and muscles larger masses which soften 

 and suppurate, the pus being often mixed with blood ; suppuration 

 may occur also in the joints. In some cases the nasal mucous 

 membrane may be secondarily infected, and thence inflammatory 

 swelling may spread to the tissues of the face ; in others it 

 remains free. The patient usually dies in two or three weeks, 

 sometimes sooner, with the symptoms of rapid pyaemia. In 

 addition to the lesions mentioned there may be foci, usually 



