ABBREVIATIONS 



an index to the literature of the subject. It is no 

 part of the idea merely to give credit or honor to 

 the man who made the name. It is held by some 

 that the authority is an integral part of the name, 

 and should always go with it ; but common usage 

 dictates otherwise, for tlie authority is never pro- 

 nounced with the Latin words in common speech. 

 The authority is a matter of bibliography, not of 

 language. 



It remains to be said (as already explained un- 

 der the discussion of Nomenclature, page xiv.) that 

 the Editor holds that the name of a plant is of two 

 coordinate words. Therefore, it is the habit of this 

 work to cite the author who first made the combi- 

 nation of the two, not the one who first invented 

 the specific name. Thus, Llnnseus called a certain 

 plant Eupatorium coelestimim ; De CandoUe, however, 

 prefers to put this plant in the genus Conoclinium, 

 and calls it Conoclinium ccelestinum . For the name 

 in Eupatorium, Linnaeus is cited: for the name in 

 Conoclinium, De Candolle is cited. Some writers 

 would cite both authors under Conoclinium, thus: 

 Conocliniicm ccelestinum, (hinn.) DC. The authority 

 in parentheses is the one who invented the specific 

 name itself: the other is the one who made the 

 particular combination. This double citation is 

 bungling, particularly for a horticultural work. Its 

 merit is the fact that it suggests the history of the 

 name; but It is not complete in this respect, for 

 the name may have been used in other combina- 

 tions, of which the citation gives no hint. The full 

 history of a name can appear only in the synonymy. 

 Adans. Michael Adanson, 1727-1806. France. 

 Ait. William Alton, 1731-1793. England. 

 Ait. f. William Townsend Aiton, the son, 1766-1849. 



England. 

 All. Carlo AUioni, 1725-1804. Italy. 

 Andr. Henry C.Andrews.botanical artist and engraver, 



conducted The Botanists' Repository from 1799-1811, 



and illustrated books on heaths, geraniums and roses. 

 AxDRE. Edouard Andrfi, once editor of Illustration 



Horticole, now editor-in-chief of Bevue Horticole. 

 Arn'. George Arnold Walker Arnott, 1799-1868. Seot- 



Baill. H. Baillon, author of the great natural history 



of plants in French. 

 Baker. John Gilbert Baker, formerly keeper of the Her- 

 barium of the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, England. 

 Balt. Charles Baltet, frequent contributor to Revue 



Horticole. 

 Bean. W. J. Bean, recent writer from Kew in Gard. 



Chron. on bamboos. 

 BEAnv. Ambroise Marie Francois Joseph Falisot de 



Beauvois, 1755-1820. France. 

 Beissn. L. Beissner, Inspector of the Botanic Gardens 



at Bonn, and Instructor at Poppelsdorf, pub. Hand- 



buch der Nadelholzkunde. 

 Benth. George Bentham, 1800-1884, one of England's 



most distinguished botanists. 



Ludwig Blume, b. 1796 at Braun- 

 1862 at Leyden. Wrote much on Javan 



Ben'th. & Hook. George Bentham and J. D. Hooker, 

 authors of Genera Plantarum. England. 



Bernh. Johann Jacob Bernhardi, 1774-1850. Germany. 



Bert. Carlo Giuseppe Bertero, 1789-1831. Died be- 

 tween Tahiti and Chile. 



BiEB. Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein, 

 1768-1826. German botanist; lived later in Russia. 



BiGEL. Jacob Bigelow, 1787-1879. Massachusetts. 



Bl. See Blume. 



Blcme. Karl 

 schweig, d. 

 plants. 



Boiss. Edmond Boissier, 1810-1886. Switzerland. 



Bojer. W. Bojer, 1800-1856, author of a Flora of Mau- 

 ritius. Austria. 



Britton. Nathaniel Lord Britton, Director New York 

 Botanic Garden, New York, N. Y. 



Brojjgn. Adolphe Theodore Brongniart, 1801-1876. 

 Prance. 



Bull. William Bull, plant merchant, London. 



Bull. Pierre BuUiard, 1742-1793, author of the great 

 fferbier de la France in 12 folio vols., with 600 

 plates. 



Bunge. Alexander von Bunge, 1803-1890. Russia. 



BuBM. Johannes Burmann, 1706-1779, Prof, at Amster- 

 dam, wrote on plants of Ceylon and Malabar. 



BuRM. f. Niekolaus Laurens Burmann, 1734-1793. Son 

 of Johannes. 



Carr. Elie Abel Carri&re, 1818-1896, distinguished 

 French botanist and horticulturist, editor of Revue 

 Horticole. 



Cass. Alexandre Henri Gabriel Cassini, Comte de, 

 1781-1832. France. 



Cav. Antonio JosiS Cavanilles, 1745-1804. Spain. 



Cerv. Vicente Cervantes, 1759 ( ?)-1829. Mexico. 



Cham. Adalbert von Chamisso, poet and naturalist, 

 1781-1838. Germany. 



Chapm. Alvan Wentworth Chapman, 1809-1899, author 

 of Flora of the Southern United States. 



Chois. Jacques Denys Choisy, 1799-1859. Switzerland. 



CuNN. Richard Cunningham, 1793-1835. Colonial bot- 

 anist in Australia. 



CuNN., A. Allan Cunningham, b. 1791, Scotland, d. 

 1839, Sidney, Australia. Brother of Richard. 



CoRT. William Curtis, 1746-1799. England. Founder 

 of the Botanical Magazine, now known as Curtis' 

 Botanical Magazine. 



Curtis. MoscsAshley Curtis, 1808-1873. North Carolina. 



DC. Augustin Pyramus De Candolle, 1778-1841, projec- 

 tor of the Prodromus, and head of a distinguished 

 family. Alphonse De Candolle, the son (1806-1893), 

 and Casimir De Candolle, the grandson, are also 

 quoted in this work. 



Decne. Joseph Decaisne, 1809-1882. Prance. 



Desf. Ren^ Louiche Desfontaines, 1750-1833. France. 



Desv. Augustin Nicaise Desvaux, 1784-1856. France. 



DeVr. Willem Hendrik de Vriese, 1807-1862, Prof, 

 of Botany at Leyden. Wrote on medical plants and 

 plants of the Dutch East Indies. 



Dicks. James Dickson, 1738-1822, Scotch writer on 

 flowerless plants. 



Dipp. Dr. L. Dippel, of Darmstadt, Germany. Den- 

 drologist; pub. Handbuch der Laubholzkunde. 



