BARRY 



that of a pioneer. H.- mn-t I ii-i.lcr.-.l in fhf fn.nt 



rankof pomolof;i';il :ri>l<..i - .-, i h i !■. I k, , niii_'-. Warder, 

 and Thomas, wlf- ' i' ' ■ ::i\i a L::rrai 



impulse towards r-r ' i ■ ■ i -i i hir-.' >.al.' 



in America. Fur a lalhr a.- ni, \',i'li [M.rtrair. sta- 



"Annals of Horticulture," 1890, 287-290. w. M. 



BAETdNIA. See MenUella. 



BABTBAM, JOHN. Called by Linnseus the greatest 

 natural botanist in the world. Was born at Marple, near 

 Darby, Pennsylvania, Mar. 23, 1609, and died Sept. 22. 

 1777. He was a Quaker fanner, who became intereste<l 

 in botany after the aire of twenty-four. In 1728, at King- 

 sessing, on the Schuylkill Kiver, he established the first 

 botanic garden in ATueriea. which, together with his 

 house, built in 17:S1, of stone hewn by his own hands, Is 

 happily preserved to-dav as p.-irt of the park system of 

 Philadelphia. He traveled much in America, and was 

 for many years the chief medium of exchange between 

 Europe and America of plants of all kinds, especially 

 new and important species, as Bliodmlendron maximum 

 and Ci/pripedium aeaule. His correspondence with 

 Peter Collinson lasted nearly half a century. The let- 

 ters, preserved to us in Darlington's "Memorials of 

 John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall," are rich in 

 botanical, historical and general interest. "Observa- 

 tions on the Inhabitants * • * made by John Bar- 

 tram in his Travels from Pensilvania to Onondago, 

 Oswego, and the Lake Ontario * * * London, 1751," 

 is similarly readable, and a document of great value in 

 the study of aboriginal races. 



At the age of seventy he undertook, with his son Wil- 

 liam, an expedition to Florida, which is recorded in the 

 "Journal Kept upon a Jouriiev fniin .St. Augustine up 

 the River St. Johns." Ham il-i x :i< iiil.alify the first 

 American to perform sucta ■ ■ it.; in hybridi- 



zation. His sons, John a' i ^ , ^ -ntinued his 



garden. Formany years it \.;-; i n- iar-r-t and best col- 

 lection of trees and shrubs in ArmaHai, and the services 

 of the garden to early American horticulture were very 

 great. He is commemorated in Bartraraia, a genus of 

 mosses, and in "Bartr.ira's Oak," for the literature of 

 which, see I. C. Martiuale's "Notes on the Bartram Oak, 

 Qiieiriis heterojihiiUa, Michx.," published at Camden, 

 N. J., 1880. Bartram's garden is a unique spot in 

 America. Many of the trees have attained great age, 

 size and beauty. The garden also contains many quaint 

 and picturesque relics which have associations of great 

 interest. On the whole, John Bartram is one of the most 

 illustrious, and by far the most picturesque, of the early 

 botanists and horticulturists of America, and his simple, 

 wholesome, powerful personality presents a picture that 

 is altogether amiable. New editions of the works of 

 Bartram and Darlington are much to be desired, and 

 offer a promising field to critical labors. John Bartram's 

 son William is well known to students of American 

 history for his "Observations on the Creek and Cherokee 

 Indians, 1789." It is very much to be regretted that no 

 authentic portrait of John Bartram is known. For an 

 excellent illustrated account of Bartram and his garden, 

 see the article by Miss M. L. Dock in Garden and Forest, 

 9:121-124 (1895). See also Harper's Mag. 60:321-330 

 (1880). ^. jl. 



BASfiLLA (native Malabar name). CI,, „..,i..:i;,),-ne. 

 Malabar Nightshade. A genus (a.Tit.iiiiinu- .nily one 

 species, which is, however, remarkaM\- \ariali|r. An- 

 nual or biennial herbs, cult, in the trcjiLs a^ a jhii lit-rb. 

 like spinach. Rarelf cult. N. as an i.ruuunutal warm- 

 house climber. It may also be started indoors, and set 

 out in May for use as a garden vegetable, to follow 

 spinach. Prop, by seeds. 



rtibra, Linn. Lvs. •^n■•l■^\^^•^\\ . n!t<-niat.-, rarely oppo- 

 site, almost entir.-. "i xiil.ii- r.t.n, II, ihit pedicelled, 

 in simple spikes mi , i nr long, lax, 



few-fld. Thefoll.i ; , , ^idered only 



forms of the abovr : ,;'.,..;, >, I, ii> -J,!, i.-iiu r.irely cult. 

 as a trailer from roots of warm-houses, or as a basket 

 plant ; caninifolia ,- cordifblia, with heart-shaped Ivs. 

 4-5 in. long and 2-2^ in. wide ; crassifblia ; Japdnica ; 

 iiVci'fZra, from India ; nJjra, a Chinese form ; raiMdsa and 

 volubi'.is. Under the name of Sweet Malabar Vine, A. 



BASKET PLANTS 133 



a form with tiny yellow and red fls., 

 ited with white, pink, and green. He 

 t assumes a drooping habit. When cut 



BASIL. Species of Ocimwm, of the LabidUe. They 

 are Indian annuals, and are cult, as pot-herbs, the clove- 

 flavored foliage being used as seasoning in soups, meats 

 and salads. They are of easiest culture, the seed being 



sown in tlif niM'ii as snnn as the weather is settled. 

 Cnnina.n Ha^il i-", /.■"- /'"aiw . Linn., a ft. high, branch- 

 in-, wiili ..vati i.,..il,,,i !x,.,and white or bluish white 



Linn,, tlir Dwarf Ba-il, is lower, and smaller in all its 

 parts ; rarely seen. When Basil is in bloom, it can be 

 cut and dried for winter use. 



BASKET PLANTS. Fig. 189. Under this term are 

 included all those plants which, from their habit of 

 growth and blooming, have been 

 found especially suitable for use in 

 hanging baskets. Most of these are 

 dwarfish plants of indeterminate 

 growth, of gracefully drooping or 

 vine-like habit, and are valued either 

 for their grace, or for freedom and 

 daintiness of bloom. Some of the 



plants of naturally small 

 stature, or are practically 

 such for a season from a 

 slow habit of growth. The 

 suitability of these erect- 

 growing plants for the 

 purpose is determined, 

 aside from their stature, 

 by their freedom of bloom, 

 beauty of foliage, striking 

 form, or grace of habit. 

 Such plants are used prin- 

 cipally for filling the cen- 

 tral part of the basket ; 

 whereas, plants of trail- 

 ing habit are inserted near 

 the sides — some to droop, 

 others to twine upwards 

 on the cords or handle by 

 which the basket is sus- 

 pended. In addition to the 

 long drooping or climbing 

 plants, there are a 



iber of half- 

 hah 



nber of half-erect ^'V '« x. , ,. 



lit, like the lobelia, \AJ ^J/^ii},\ 

 ;et alyssum and <^^ ^ik,U(^ 



ifl 



droop somewhat, 

 not of a truly vine-like 

 habit. Some plants are 

 more suitable than others 

 for shady places : the 

 selaginellas, for instance. 

 Others thrive only with 

 several hours of direct 

 sunshine each day. 



The following list of 

 common trade names era- 

 braces a number of the 

 important basket pli 



.J 



s, arranged according to- 



their habit of growth and blooming. The list is not given 

 as a complete one. Any list would need amending from 

 year to year to suit individn.al taste and experience. 

 Plants which will bear considerable shade are marked 

 with an asterisk (*) ; those which will bear more ar& 

 marked with two asterisks (**): 

 1. PLANT.S OP VINE-LIKE HABIT. 



a. LONG-DEOOPING, 



**English I\T^, *Kenilworth Ivy. *Vinea major, *V. Har- 

 risonil. .Saxifruga sarinentosa. *Cissus discolor,* Money- 

 wort \\-y. Tn.ijieoluiiis IX.-isturtiums). Lonicera HaUi- 

 Nepeta Glechoma, Ampe- 





Veitchii 



j deciduous, and not suitable 



