154 BERBERIS 



cies cult, in England in Flore des Serres, 6: 66 and 73 

 (1850-1). 



Index : Amurensis, No. 2 ; Aquifolium, 21 ; aristata, 

 15 ; asperma, 1 ; atropurpurea, 1 ; JSealii, 19; buxifolia, 

 9; Canadensis, 4; C(iroliniana,4; Darwini, 12; dulcis, 

 1,9; emarginata, 3 ; Fortunei, 24; Fremonti, 17; Jofto- 

 date, 2 ; heteropoda, 6 ; ilicitolla, 11, 14 ; integrlfolia, 

 7 : Jaraesoni, 13, 16 ; Japonica, 2, 19 ; Maximowiczi, 8 ; 



*f^ 



axils of 



iflora, 

 list ; iSinensi-s. '> : stenophylla, 10 ; Thunbergi, f 

 garis, 1 ; Wallicbiana, 13. 



A. Lvs. simple, usuolly fasciculate 



spines, deciduous or persistent. 



B. Foliage deciduous : Ivs. membranaceotts or 



charlaceous. 



c. Fls. in racemes. 



D. Brani-hes gray, except those of the purple-leaved 



1. vulgaris, Linn. Common Barberry. Fig. 225, 226. 

 From 4-8 ft., rarely 15: branches grooved, upright or 

 arching : Ivs. oblong-spathulate or obovate, setulose- 

 dentate, membranaceous, 1-2 in. long : racemes pendu- 

 lous, many-fld.; fls. bright yellow : fr. oblong, usually 

 purple. May, June. Eu. to E. Asia ; escaped from cul- 

 ture and naturalized in E. N. Amer. Gn. 35: 693. — Hand- 

 some in spring, with its golden yellow fls. and light 

 green foliage; and in fall, with its bright scarlet fruits, 

 remaining through tin- whole winter. A very variable 

 species ; also the six fnll.iwiiiL,' kjh ries are Included by 

 some botanists as v:ni. ti.^. i if ilie iiianygarden forms, 

 the mo.st effective is \iif. atropurpiirea, Rgl.. with pur- 

 ple colored Ivs. Ut.U:i;7S. 1. There are also varieties 

 with variegated Ivs. and purplish black.whitish or yellow 

 berries, as var. dlba, white-fruited ; var. asperma, seed- 

 less ; var. dulcis, less acid ; var. liltea, yellow-fruited ; 

 var. mltis, less thorny ; var. nigra, black-fruited ; var. 

 Tiol&cea or fructn-vioUceo, violet-fruited. The spines 

 of the Barberry are, morphologically, Ivs., and the Ivs. 

 are borne on short branches in their axils (Fig. 226). 

 The stamens are sensitive. Touch the filaments with a 

 pin when the fls. first open, and the stamens fly for- 

 ward uym the j.istil. 



LV Amurensis, Rupr. (B. riilgfiris, var. Amurinsis, 

 Rl'1 '. Till '■- fM s ft. I branches straight, upright, grooved: 

 Iv- iiiM it. , , ij-iiLT or elliptic, densely cifiate-dentate, 



119. Var. Ja- 



pomca, K. ;, I /■ r„/,„),-;.^. vmt, ./-.-/.^Hiea, Rgl. B.Sie- 

 (/oM/.Huit. : Mil /.//',''./.. llort.). Lvs. firmer 

 and more r' , Iv veined beneath, 



shorterii.ti , .Tap. G.P.3:249as 



B. Siebol'l'. \J'. I-: I'l i — \ iiT'i'ius-growing shrubs, 

 standing drought well, with brilliant orange and scarlet 

 fall-coloring, especially the variety. 



3. emarginata, Willd. One to 3 ft., in culture usually 

 higher ; spines simple to 5-parted, sometimes longer 

 than the lvs. : lvs. cuneate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 

 setulose-dentate, J^-1/4 in. long : racemes short, up- 

 right ; petals usually emarginate. S. Eu. to Himal.— 

 Low spiny shrub with handsome fall-coloring. 



DD. Branches reddish brown or brown: lvs. usualh/ 

 tjparsely dentate, sometimes entire. 



4. Canadensis, Mill. (B. CaroZiMiana, Loud.). One to 

 3 ft. : spines small, 3-parted ; lvs. cuneate-oblong, re- 



BERBERIS 



motely spinulose-dentate, rarely entire, 1-2 in. long : 

 racemes few-fld., nodding, about as long as the lvs.; 

 petals refuse or emarginate : fr. short-oval or nearly 

 globular, coral-red. AUeghanies.— The plant sold under 

 this name is usually B. vulgaris. 



5. Sinensis, Desf. From 4-6 ft., with slender, often 

 arching branches and small, 3-5-parted spines : lvs. cu- 

 neate, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, coarsely setulose- 

 dentate, sometimes entire, green or glaucescent beneath, 

 1-2 in. long : racemes pendulous, slender-peduncled, 

 bright or pale vellow : berries oval or oblong, blood-red. 

 From Caucasus to Himal. and China. B.M. 6573. -A 

 hardy, graceful species, very handsome in fruit. 



6. heterdpoda, Schrenk. Three to 6 ft.: branches 

 stout, spreading, with few short spines : lvs. broadly 

 obovate, entire or remotely serrate, pals bluish green, 

 1^-2 in. long, some short and some slender-petioled; 

 fls. in long-stalked, few-fld. racemes, orange-yellow, fra- 

 grant: fr. oblong, dark blue with glaucous bloom. May. 

 Turkestan, Songaria. G.F. 8: 455. — Handsome and 

 very distinct species. 



7. integerrima, Bunge. In habit and appearance very 

 like No. 6, and difficult to distinguish without fl.-clus- 

 ters : stems terete and brown : lvs. broad-obovate, re- 

 motely dentate or entire, dark bluish green above : ra- 

 cemes dense and upright. Persia, Turkestan, Songoria. 



cc. Fls. 



illy solitary, rarely in feic-fld. umbels: 

 lvs. entire. 



8. Thtinbergii, DC. Figs. 227, 228. Dense, low shrub, 

 2-4 ft.: branches spreading, deeph- L'roore.l. brown, 

 with simple spines: Ivs. obovate in M-iiimi it. -inite en- 

 tire, glaucescent beneath, ^-1 ' I 1 ::. pale 

 yellow: fr. elliptic or nearly gliii. _ 1. Apr., 

 Mav. G.F.2:53. B.M. 6646."R.11 . I -u 1 7 A n. 18:357. 

 Gng. 4:241 ; 5:119, 353, 355. Mn.2:llS. A. F. 8: 526.- 

 Oneof the most valuable species, especially remarkable 

 for its low, dense, horizontal growth, its large, brilliant 

 red frs., remaining fresh till the following spring, and for 

 its bright scarlet fall-col- 

 oring ; hardy. Very val- 

 uable for borders of walks 

 I drives. Endures par- 

 tial shade. Cattle and 

 sheep do not browse 

 it much. Var. Mazimd- 

 wiczi, Franch. & Sav., 

 has the lvs. green beneath. 

 Var. plurifldra, Koehne, 

 with 3-10 fls. in short, um- 

 bel-like raceme, is perhaps 

 a hybrid with B. vulga- 

 ■ St gray 

 branches. China, Japan. 



BB. Foliage evergreen or half-evergreen. 



c. Lvs. entire, or rarely with few spiny teeth. 



9. btizi!61ia, Poir. (B.diilcis. Sweet). One to 3 ft.: 



branches brown, grooved ; spines usually 3-parted, 



short : lvs. cuneate, obovate or elliptic, %-l in. long : 



fls. solitary, on long pedicels, orange yellow : fr. nearly 



