IbU BETULA 



Regel.). Lvs. broad-ovate, usually truucate at the 

 base. Var. p6ndula, Hort. Branches slender, dis- 

 tinctly pendulous ; cult, in several different forms, as 

 var. pSndula laciniita, Hort., with laciniate lvs.; a 

 very graceful form ( Fig. T.U) ; var. p6ndula Slegans ; 

 var. pSndula Yotlngi, and others. 



(2) pubfiscens, Ehrh. (B. odorAta, Bechst.). Less 

 pendulous or upright, sometimes shrubby ; branehlets 

 usually pubescent, not glandular ; lvs. ovate, pubes- 

 cent beneath, at least when young : cones pendu- 

 lous or erect. The first grows more in dry situations, 

 while the latter is found growing in moist places, 

 often in swamps. To this subspecies belong the follow- 

 ing varieties : Var. excSlsa, Regel. (B. eicelsa, Ait.). 

 Tree : lvs. ovate, short petioled, pubescent beneath. 

 Var. pub69cens, Regel. Branches and lvs. pubescent, 

 at least when young ; lvs. ovate, acute. Var. urticifb- 

 lia, Spach. Lvs. small, deep green, irregularly in- 

 cised-serrate, unequal at the base. Var. CarpAtica, 

 Regel, F6ntica, Dipp., and tortudsa, Regel, are small 

 trees, without any horticultural value. 



CC. Trunk with dark bronze-colored bark. 



11. occident41is,Hook. Small tree, occasionally 40 ft.; 

 branehlets slender, glandular: lvs. broadly ovate or 

 nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse, sharply serrate, short- 

 petioled, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at the veins be- 

 neath, 1-2 in. long: cones 1-1J4 in. long; bracts with 

 erect, oval lobes, the middle one usually longer. North- 

 west Amer., east to Dakota and Nebraska. S.S. 9: 453. 

 BB. Wings smaller than the nut : shrubs 1-15 ft.: Irs. 



small, short-petioled : cones erect. 

 c. Branehlets glandular, not pubescent. 



12. glanduldsa, Michx. Only 1^ ft.: lvs. shortpeti- 

 oled, rounded or cuueate at the base, orbicular or 

 broadly obovate, obtuse, dentate, glabrous, H-li4 in. 

 long : cones peduncled, J^-?4in. long : lobes of bracts 

 nearly equal, slightly spreading. Newfoundland to 

 Alaska, south to Michigan, and in the Rocky Mountains 

 to Colorado. B.B.I: 510. 



CC. Branehlets pubescent or nearly glabrous, not 

 glandular. 



13. pdmila, Linn. Usually 2-8 ft., rarely 15 : branch- 

 lets tomentose or pubescent, at least when young : lvs. 

 orbicular or oval, acute or obtuse, coarsely dentate, pale 

 and glabrous or pubescent beneath, yi-'i in. long: cones 

 peduncled, K-1 in. long ; lateral lobes of the pubescent 

 bracts spreading, shorter than the middle one. New- 

 foundland to Minn., south to Ohio. B.B. 1:511. Var. 



fastigiita, Hort. {B. humilis 

 fastigiata, Hort.). Of distinct, 

 upright growth. B. pumila x 

 lenta is shown in G.F. 8:245. 



14. n4na, Linn. Low, spreading, rarely 4 ft.: lvs. 

 orbicular or cuneate-obovate, crenate, rounded at apex, 

 glabrous, K-Kin. long : cones nearly sessile, H-Kln. 

 long ; the upper bracts usually entire, the lower ones 



ms 



234. Cut-leaved Weepine Birch- Betula i 



3-lobed. Arctic N.E. Amer., N.Eu., Siberia. B.B.1:51L 



graceful shrub for 



Alii.', I Ir. I: iii^t:, I,.,- I. 



B. alnoides.— i'. DahiiHa 

 lvs. ovate, pubescent on tl 

 oblong. Dahur., Manchu 

 ft.: lvs. ovate, glabrous 

 neath, 1-2 in. long. Sil-. 

 B. truticosa.— i?. grdml.x 



and rocky slopes. 



i.Wall.). Tree. 50-60 

 'Uspidately serrate: 



J/w.Fries-B.inter- 

 />'. conjUfolia, Regel. 



1 H .v;ite, fojirsely den- 

 , -■,.,;.«„. Wall.= 



i I'lic: cones 



i Mmib, tol5 



- iM.lidar be- 



; ' '"' Buiige= 



/>'. grbssa. 



ii; Cauca- 

 . I. &Zucc. 

 lH-14 pairs 



333. Leaves of Betula alba. Natural 



pendula Youngi. Alfred Rehder. 



BIABUM (old and obscure name). 

 Aroldem. Dwarf, tuberous perennials of 

 the same tribe with our native jack-in- 

 the-pulpit. They are hardy in England, 

 but probably are suitable only for pot-cul- 

 ture in the northern U. S. They have a 

 spathe which is tubular at the base, mostly 

 with a long limb, and usually a long tail- 

 like .spadix. They grow a few inches high. 

 Odd. Little known in America. 



tenuifblinm, Schott (Arum tenuifolium, 

 Linn.). Lvs. linear-lanceolate or spatu- 

 appearing after the fls. decay: spathe 

 long-acuminate, at length recurved and 

 twisted spirally, about 10 in. long, out- 

 side green, streaked purple ; inside dull 

 purple, spotted ; margins wavy : spadix 

 15 in. long. Spain. B.M. 2282. 



Pyr&mi,Eng.(/;f;i«™mPi/rami, Schott). 

 Lvs. oblong above the middle, narrowing 

 abruptly to a very long petiole, resembling 



