178 



Plant potentially hiennial (that is, the root hard and 

 thickened, often distinctly tuberous): foliage firm 

 in texture. 



D. Foliage distinctly hairy. 

 B&pa, Linn. Co>raoN Turnip. Lvs. prominently 

 lyrate or interrupted below,the root tuberous. — Whatever 

 the origin of the Rutabaga and Turnip may be, the two 

 plants show good botanical characters. The tubers of 

 the two are different in season, texture and flavor. In 

 the Rutabaga, the small leaves immediately following 

 the seed-leaves are spars.-ly iKtiry. Imt all subsequent 

 leaves are entirely smooth. <!<ri-'h- L'*l;ni<'ous-blue, thick 

 and cabbage-like, with a th -liy p. ti..].- and midrib. In 

 the Turnip, the radical 1h:i\ . .. an- always more or less 

 hairy, and they are gretii and radi.--h like, thin, with 

 slender petiole, and the leaves are much more lyrate, 

 with interrupted leaflets on the petiole ; the small leaves 

 following the seed-leaves are also thinner and narrower 

 and more deeply scalloped. In the Rutabaga, the flow- 

 ers are large and more cabbage-like, whereas in the 

 Turnip they are small, yellow and mustard like with 

 shorter claws and more spreading calj-x. The Tumi] 

 vary in hairiness, but the cone of expand 

 or the "heart-leaves," always 

 shows the hairs distinctly, 

 while the heart-leaves of the 

 Rutabagas are entirely gla- 



BRASSICA 



feathered petioles, sharply and irregula 

 a thin bloom : beak of the pod more a 

 tinctly hard and tuberous. — This ve^r\ 

 France in 1882 from seeds sent bv \>' 

 of the Russian legation, IVkin. It wa- 



tubers a 

 sown in 

 not appear 



I III rhina the 

 the seeds being 

 . China. It does 

 he attention of 



. The plant is natii 



ave been brought 

 botanists until Bretschneider published an account of it 

 in a I r. 11-1, "Uinal in 1881. Paillieux and Bois (Le 

 I'.i - 1 iix) regard it as a variety of .B»-assioa 



jin iJi,- Chine.se mustard belongs, but it is 



viiv nil- 1, 111 11. iiii that plant. It is nearly related to 

 Tttk-t. iMii, aiid 11 may have sprung from the same spe- 

 cies; but it is clearly distinguished by its sharply 

 toothed lvs., one of which is shown in Pig. 264. 



(•<•. Plant trulji annual: foliage profuse, loose and soft. 

 Pe-tsM Bailcv Pets^i Cabbape Fig 265 Nu 

 merous radical lvs large 

 and light green oblong or 

 ovate oblong crinkled and 

 uj and the 

 ms wavv 

 flat and ribbed petiole 1 



brous, fleshy, and remind one of the young shoots of 

 sea-kale. The Turnip usually produces seed freely if 

 the bottoms are left In the ground over winter ; and 

 thereby the plant spreads, becoming a true annual and a 

 bad weed, with a slender, hard root. 



DD. Foliage not hairy. 



Chin^nsis, Linn. Pak-Choi Cabbage. Figs. 262, 263. 

 Radical lvs. wavy and ample, glossy green, obovate or 

 round-obovate in general outline, either entire or ob- 

 scurely wavy or even crenate, tapering to a distinct and 

 thick, strong petiole, which is generally not prominently 

 margined ; pod large and tapering into a beak half an 

 inch long; root sometimes tuberous.— This plant is 

 grown by the American Chinese, and is occasionally 

 seen in other gardens (see Bailey, Bull. 67, Cornell Exp, 

 Sta. ). It is impossible to determine if this particular 

 plant is the one which Linnaeus meant to distinguish by 

 his Brassica Chinensis, but it best answers the de- 

 scription in his Anupiiitatfs (vol. n. In Linnfeus" her- 

 barium is a Bra-^-ir:, iiiarl.nl " ( liim u-is " in his own 

 handwriting, but ii i- iii!|il. tM. luhl has lyrate-Iobed 

 lvs,, whereas Linna w- d. -. rii.,.l In- [ilant'as having 

 yellow fls. and T} ii<i^'!.'s~uni-lik<j h ~. 



napifbrmis, Bailey {Sinapis jiinvea, var. napifdrmis, 

 Paill. A: Bois I. TuBEROUS-ROOTED CnrsESE Mustard. 

 Fig. -H'A. Radical lvs. comparatively few, the blade thin 

 and oval in outline, and on long and slender, slightly 



in. wide, which is provided with a wide, thin, notched or 

 wavy wing; stem lvs. sessile and clasping; pod of me- 

 dium size, with a short coBe-Uke beak. — The Pe-tsai. or 

 Chinese Cabbage, is no longer a novelty in Amer. gar- 

 dens, although it does not appear to hi- will known, and 

 its merits are not understood. Its cultivation and pecu- 

 liarities were described in France as loug ago as 1^40, 

 by P^pin, who says that, while the plant had been 

 known in botanic gardens for 20 years, it was brought to 

 notice as a culinary vegetable only three years before 

 he wrote. It appears to have attracted little attention 

 in Europe until very recent vears, however, and it is 

 stiU Included in the second edition of PaiUieux & Bois' 

 Le Potager d'un Curieux, 1892. It began to attract at- 

 tention in the United States probably about 15 years 

 ago. The leaves tend to form an oblong, loose head, 

 like Cos lettuce. See Cabbage. 



Japdnica, Sieb. California Pepper-gkass. Pot- 

 herb Mustard. Pig. 266. Rather numerous radical 



lvs., oblong or oblong-ohovn'. , iIm i -u'lns either 



crisped or cut Into many vor\ ■ -, the petiole 



distinct at its lower end ; -i i i.'lid ; pod 



very small, with a slender 1 ..— Iim --ii, thin lvs, 



make excellent "greens." L..1.1; ki.uiwi, hut with no 

 designative name, in old gardens in this countrv, and 

 occasionally runs wild, Int, in 1890 by John Lewis 

 Childs as California Pepper-grass, A verv worthy 

 plant (see Bull, 67, Cornell Exp. Sta.), 



