BRYOPHYLLUM 



with 4 slightly curving tips (Pis:. 275). ilex. B.M. U09. 

 LBC. 877. — It is said that the Ivs. are sour in the morn- 

 ing, ta.steless at noon, and somewhat bitter towards 

 evening. This change has been attributed to the absorp- 

 tion of o.f ygen at night and its disengagement in daylight. 

 W. M. 



BUDDLEIA 



187 



BUCKEYE. Consult ^scuhis. 

 BUCKTHORN. Bhnmiiiis.-punii- 



arlv R. rnfhar 



281. Applet 



expandine flower-bud. 



BUCKWHEAT { Fiuiopf/nim esciile)ifiim. Moench). 

 Pol!/i/n,i(he<r. A tender annual grain phmt. Hour being 

 made of the large 3-cornered fruit. It i^ iiimli i;n.\vii in 

 the northern U. S., usually being sown aliMiit ili.- tiiM "I 

 July. It is also a favorite for bee fora-.. I in, kw li. :Lt i^ 

 native to central Siberia and Man.liuna. an.l i- im.w 

 widely cult., although it is a grain of MCuiidiiiv impor- 

 tance. The flower-cluster is shown in Fig. 27G. The 

 Tartarian Buckwheat {F. TaUiricum, Geertn.) is occa- 

 sionally seen. It has smaller and yellowish fls., and a 

 smaller, roughish, wavy-angled fruit. 



BUS. The undeveloped or embryo state of a branch. 

 As commonly known to the horticulturist, the bud is a 

 more or less dormant organ ; that is, the horticulturist 

 does not recognize the bud until it h i attained sufheient 

 size to be obvious or to sug.,e t onie practice in the 

 treatment of the plant. In thi tate the bud usuallj 

 represents a resting stage of the plant The bud cover 

 ing protects the growing point in the cold or drv season 

 The bud is a shortened axis or ver\ condensed brm li 



£ht. 



The dormant or resting bud (as the winter bud of all 

 trees 1 is covered with protective scales which are modi- 

 fied leaves ; and the core of it is the nascent or embryo 

 branch or flower-cluster, with rudimentarv leaves. Since 

 the bud is an embryo branch, it follows that disbudding 

 is a most efftcient means of pruning. A bulb is a form 

 of bud; and a dense rosette of leaves (as in the common 



house-leek) is intermediate in structure between a bulb 

 and a normal branch. A cabbage head is essentially a 

 gigantic bud. 



Horticulturists speak of buds as leaf -buds and flower- 

 buds, according as they give rise to barren, leafy branches 

 or to flower hrHni-h,-,< it'.ir flower-clusters are modified 

 branches). Trur ll..\v,r l.ii.N m- fruit-buds are those 

 which produ'f iail\ il-iwt-r^. a~ tliu^e of the apricot 

 (Fig. 116) aii.l Ml. p. a. lu Mi\. .1 ilowi-r-buds or fruit- 

 buds are those wliiili contain l.otli (lowers and leaves, as 

 those of the apple [ Fig. 281 1 and pear. On dormant 

 plants, leaf-buds and flower-buds are distinguished bv 

 position, size and shape. The position of the flower-bud 

 varies with the kind of plant, but is commonly termi- 

 nal, either on a branch of common lent'Hi or on a very 

 abbreviated branch or spur. The tlow.r liu.l is com- 

 monly larger and thicker than tli.- l.af lunl. hi-cause it 

 contains the embryo flower. Illustrations of flower- 

 buds and leaf-buds are showu in Figs. 277-2S0. With 

 Fig. 279 compare Fig. 298, showing a section of cabbage 

 head. The reader is referred to The Pruning-Book for 

 detailed discussion of the subject. 



Of all tin- hu.ls whii-h form, vi-rv many do not grow, 

 bein-- -!,-,, !,.i ,.:;! m i li.' -tul'-I- 1 ■ ^r .-xistence. These 

 buiN ' I I .1 i, i: : for several years, 

 eai-h -,.... Ill, : . II ,i, .1 , i-ii i . :r rhances of grow- 

 ing cvi n II la'.MiMii] liiaMi- '"■-■ur. It is a common 



opinion that these (iormam buds lier-ome covered by the 

 thickening bark, and grow when large limbs are re- 

 moved ; but this is an error. The shoots which arise 

 from a wound on an old limb are from true adventitious 

 buds, or those which are newly formed for the occasion 

 in tin- i-ainliium. Buds are normally formed in close 

 |.ro\iniit\ to leaves, usually in their axils; but adventi- 

 iMu~ limls form under stress of circumstances, without 

 r.-f.-r,-i,.-o to leaves. l, h, g. 



BUDDING. See Graft,,.,,-. 



BUDDLEIA (after Adam Buddie, an English bota- 

 nist). Syu., Biiddlea. L,u/atuctcea!. Shrubs or trees, 

 with usuall}' quadrangular branches : ivs. opposite, short- 

 petioled, deciduous or semi-persistent, usually tomen- 

 tose when unfolding, entire or serrate : 

 fls in racemes panicles or clusters • co 

 roUa tubular or campanulate 4 lobed 

 stamens included 4 fr a 2 celled cap 

 sule with numerous minute seeds About 

 70 specie m tropical and temperate i egions 

 f -Vmeii 1 \ la in 1 s \trica of which 



ultivucl Oi 

 tieelv in uniii 

 the hardie t 

 ^\ Inch ma^ 1 

 uorth but il 

 gj^bosa 1,11 1 

 will stand miii\ 

 killed to the „i 



idui pecii 



flcwering 



279 Sections of pear buds 

 fruit bud on the left, lea 

 bud on the right. 



iO Buds of 



The mid-^ 

 die bud is 

 a leaf-bud 



young shoots, which will flower mostly the 



same season, especially i?. Japonica, I/hid- 



leyana and intermedia. The handsomest 



in flower are B. ColviUei, variabilis, gln- 



bosa and Lindleyana. They grow best in 



a light, well-drained soil, in a sunny position. Prop. 



readily by seeds sown in spring in gentle bottom heat, 



large side 

 buds arc 

 fruit buds. 



