196 



BUPHTHALMUM 



BUPHTHALMDM (Greek for ox-eye). CompisUa. 

 A few Eluropean and W. Asian perennial herbs, some- 

 times grown in tlie hardy border. Heads large, with 

 long yellow rays : Ivs. alternate, entire or dentate : 

 panpus short, "often connate into a corona : akenes 

 glabrous. Showy plants of easy culture. 



fipecioslssimum, Ard. Lvs. cordate and clasping, the 

 upper ones oval and acuminate : heads solitary on the 

 ends of the stems : 2-5 ft., flowering in July and later. 



salicifdlium, Linn. {B. grandifldrum, Linn.). Lvs. 

 oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, somewhat pubescent and 

 slightly serrate : fls. solitary and terminal, large : lower 

 than the last. 



specidsum, Schreb. (B. cordifdlium, WnMst. A: Kit.). 

 Lvs. very large, cordate, coarse-serrate : tN. v.i y hirtri- 

 and showy, on an upward-thickened pediuu'lt- : ;!-4 ft.. 

 blooming in June and later. B. M. 3466, as TeUltia sjie- 

 cidsa. L. JJ. B. 



BTTFLEOBUM (Greek, ox and rib : of no obvious ap- 

 plication). UmbellUera. Weedy plants of the Old World, 

 of which one (B. rotundi folium, Linn.), i.s naturalized 

 in the Eastern states, and another [B. falcafum, Linn.), 

 is cult, in Japan for greens (A.G. 13:9). 



BURBtSGEA (after F. W. Burbidge, who discovered 

 it in Borneo). Seitamindcece. A monotypic genus allied 

 to Hedychium, but with no lateral perianth segments and 

 the lip reduced to a small blade. The showy orange- 

 scarlet fls. rival cannas in brilliancy. For culture, see 

 Alpinia and Hedychium. 



nitida, Hook. f. Tender herbaceous perennial : height 

 2-3 ft. : rootstock creeping, matted : stems tufted, slen- 

 der : leaf -blades glossy, 4-6 in. long, eared at junction 

 with the sheath : panicle terminal, 4-6 in. long, many- 

 fld. ; inner perianth tube 1-1 V^ in. long ; outer segments 

 lK-2 in. long, orange-scarlet, the dorsal one shorter 

 and more roundish than the 2 lateral ones. B. 51*. 6403. 

 Sold by Siebrecht & Son. 



BTTRCHfLLIA (W. Burchell. botanical traveler). 

 Rubiaii'ir. One species from S. Afr., an evergreen 

 shnib, with opposite short-petioled lvs. and dense ter- 

 minal clusters of sessile scarlet fls.; corolla tubular, 

 bell shaped ; stamens 5, inserted in the tube : fr. a 2- 

 celled, many seeded berry. B. Cap6nsi8, R. Br., is in 

 the Amer. trade, being cult, for its rich, dark foliage 

 and brilliant fls. It is very variable, and has received 

 several names. 3-10 ft. Prop, by cuttings. Grown un- 

 der glass. B.M.2339. R.H. 1886:420. J. H. III. 34: 81. 



BURDOCK. See Arctium. 



BURLINOTONIA. See Sodriguezia. 



BURNET (Poleritim Sangiiisdrba, Linn.). A hardy 

 rosaceous perennial, the piquant lvs. of which are some- 

 times used in flavoring soups and salads. The dried 

 roots are occasionally used as a family remedy. Burnet 

 Is little known in this country as a condimental herb. 

 It is worthy a place in the hardy border for the orna- 

 mental character of its odd-pinnate lvs. and its little 

 heads of fls. with drooping stamens. The leaflets are 

 very dark green, ovate and notched. Stems 1-2 ft. high, 

 bearing oblong or globular moncecious heads. Of easiest 

 culture, either from seeds or by division of the clumps. 

 Native of Europe. L, jj. B. 



BURNING-BUSH. See Euonymus. 



BURRlfiLIA. See Baeria. 



BURSARIA {Bursa, a pouch, alluding to the shape 

 of the polls). PittosporAcem. Two species of shrubs 

 with white tls. in clusters ; sepals, petals and stamens 

 each 5 : fr. a 2-loculed capsule, in shape like that of the 

 Shepherd's Purse. 



spindsa, Cav. An elegant spiny shrub or small tree, 

 with drooping branches and pretty white fls., produced 

 in summer : lvs. small, oblong-cuneate, alternate and 

 nearly sessile : fls. small, lateral or terminal, mostly 

 terminal. Australia, Tasmania. B.M. 1767.— Cult, in 

 S. California. 



BUXUS 



BURS£RA (Joachim Burser, a disciple of Caspar 

 Bauhin). Burserdcece. Generally tall trees, with sim- 

 ple or pinnately compound lvs. : fls. small, in clusters, 

 4-5 parted, with twice as many stamens as petals or 

 sepals, and a 3-parted ovary containing ovules : fr. a 

 3parted drupe with usually only 1 seed. About 40 spe- 

 cies of trees in tropical America. For B. servidta, see 

 Protitim. 



Simarubra, Sarg. {B. gummtfera, Jacq.). Lvs. odd- 

 pinnate, with 3-5 pairs of Ifts. ; Ifts. ovate, acute, mem- 

 branous, smooth on both sides, entire, the netted veins 

 prominent on the under side : fls. in a very knotty ra- 

 ceme, 4-6 parted : fr. adrupe, with a 3-valved succulent 

 rind und 3-5 nuts. A tall tree with a straight trunk and 

 s|in;iiling head, found in Florida, Mexico, and Central 

 Ann rii'a and the West Indies. — It yields a sweet, aro- 

 matic balsam, which is used in tropical America as a 

 medicine for internal and external application ; dried, 

 it is known in the trade as Chibou, or Cachibou resin, 

 or Gomart resin. It is a hardy greenhouse plant, and 

 thrives in a compost of loam and peat. Prop, by cut- 

 tings under glass, with bottom heat. 



G. T. Hastings. 



BUSH-FRUITS. A term used to designate those 

 small fruits which grow on woody bushes. It includes 

 all small-fruits- as that term is used in America— ex- 

 cept strawberries and cranberries. Bush-fruits is an 

 English term, but it has been adopted lately in this 

 country, notably in Card's book on "Bush-Fruits." The 

 common bush-fruits are currants, gooseberries, rasp- 

 berries, blackberries, and dewberries. 



BtJlEA (Earl of Bute). Legumindsee. Three or four 

 species of trees or woody vines of India and China, with 

 deep scarlet. ]i:ipilionafeous fls. in racemes and pinnate 

 lvs. In tln> ( ilcl Wiirld rarely grown in stoves. In this 

 country, ■■nc is .-nit. in S. Calif. 



fronddsa, Knxl.;;, A leafy tree, yielding gum or lac : 

 Ifts. 3, roundish, pubescent beneath, the lateral ones 

 unsymmetrical : fls. 2 in. long, orange-crimson, very 

 showy ; stamens 9 together and 1 free. India. — Reaches 

 a height of 50 ft. 



BUTOMUS (Greek, bous, ox, and temno, to cut; the 

 leaves too sharp for the mouths of cattle). Alismhcece. 

 Hardy perennial aquatic of easy culture on margins of 

 ponds. Prop, by division. All the species are referred 

 by DC, in Mon. Phan., vol. 3, to B. umbellafus, or to 

 the Australian Butomopsis, which is also a monotypic 



umbelUtus, Linn. Flowering Rush. Rhizome thick: 

 lvs. 2-3 ft. long, iris-like, sheathing at the base, 3-cor- 

 nered : fls. rose-colored, 25-30 in an umbel, on a long 

 scape ; sepals 3 ; petals 3. Summer. Eu., Asia. 



BUTTERCUP. Species of Biniunciihts. 



BUTTERFLY WEED. Asciepias tuberosa. 



BUTTERNUT. See Juglans. 



BUTTON-BUSH i% Cephalanthus. 



BUTTONWOOD. Consult Platanus. 



BUTTERWOET. See Pinguicula. 



BUXUS (ancient Latin name). Eiiphorbidcece. Box 

 Tree. Evergreen shrubs or small trees : lvs. opposite, 

 short-petioled, entire, almost glabrous, coriaceous and 

 rather small : fls. moncecious, in axillary or terminal 

 clusters, consisting usually of one terminal pistillate 

 flower, with 6 sepals, and several lateral staminate fls. 

 with 4 sepals and 4 stamens : fr. an obovate or nearly 

 globular 3-pointed capsule, separating into 3 valves, 

 each containing 2 shining black seeds. About 20 species 

 in the mountains of Cent, and E. Asia, N. Afr., and S. 

 Eur., also in W. India and C. Amer. Ornamental ever- 

 green shrubs of dense but rather slow growth, with 

 shining, small foliage and inconspicuous fls. and fr. 

 The common Box Tree and B. mieropliyila may be 

 grown in sheltered positions even north, while B. Wal- 

 lichiana and B. Balearica, two very distinct and hand- 



