CACALIA 



glabrous : Ivs. petioled. None of the species are known 

 to be in the Amer. trade, but some of the native kinds 

 may be e^qiected to appear in commerce. For an account 

 of the N. Amer. species, see Gray, Syn. Fl., vol. 1, p. 2, 



pp. .'igi-e. 



CACALIA of the florists See i 



CACTUS 



203 



lateral members upon it ; and most probably these 

 lateral members represent leaves. The Cactus forms are 

 not always leafless or compact, for the species of Peres- 

 kia are climbing, woody forms, with well- developed 

 petiolate leaves (Fig. 309); and even the well-known 

 pricklv pears (Opuntia) are more or less expanded and 

 have \eiy evident ephemeral lea^es 



The flowers aie usually conspuuous m many cases 

 remark ihlj laige and luiUianth lolored The sepals 

 and pet lis iic numeious iri<m„fd in several imbrica 

 ting seiifb , tliH stinuns ire mdehnite m number and 

 inserted it the b ise ot tht corolla the stjle is promi 



sith spreading, 



>iig perennial 1-2 ft high 



.. lit n]\ clabrous Ivs nearlj 



I III 1 ] 11 ted the lobes 



CACALI6PSIS 



low floret 111.1 I 



Narddsmu: ( i 

 loose woiilh but 

 all radit U lou^ 

 dentate or cut 1 

 at the summit i t 

 woods, Cilif t I 

 border plant 



CACAO, COCOA See Tluohioma 



CACTUS CACTI Thi peculiar forms included under 

 this niiii 11 niul tin familj Cactdcur The} are 

 especialh li ii i ii ii t the warm and dry regions of 

 Ameru 1 tli u li | 1 i\ I i lug greatest in Mexico, although 

 extending lioiii the plans of North America and east 

 ward southwaid thiough the West Indies and Mexico to 

 southern South Ameiica Aside from ceitain Afiican 

 species of Rlnpsalis this gieat family contiiniug about 

 1,000 known i i. s i ibsolutch itstiKtcd to \mei 

 ica Th I I Mi |. ,1 ill/ ,n f, , I I, 1,1 1, ,] 



has Ion i tin u_li ul rl M lir ii n m 



region ii i it ii un I i tli n mi t 



"Indiin li II 1 I h plu t ( 1 ti in tlin I niti .1 



States IS in tin Mi xir m border states lejiiesenting 

 the northern edge ot the still more extensive Mexican 

 display 



The peculiar habit of the famih seems to be the re 

 sultof prr. mini Ir n -bt < n liti n to which the> have 

 become r iiiiil il] 1 ,t I 111 t t ' 1 ]iioblera pre 

 sented 1 \ u h n h i i i tli t i t water and 



the refill 111 n n I \ ii uli i « iter stoi age 



the pluit I h 1 liii t n ti ilh u nlent Loss 

 ot watei 1 \ ti 1 I 11 ti n IS iidn td t i minimum by 

 heavy 1 1 1 I un I « II md cuticle and other anitomi 

 cal devi I ut | ih i still moie by leducing the sur 



face ex p m t ih 1 U m comjiarison ■nitb its miss 

 (Figs 301 n. mi) i 1 til ill tint I 111, 1 u 

 have been abandoned entn l\ ii I tn ii | uli n w ik 

 has been assumed 1)% the ii| ili i I li u I tli i ni 

 The stem Itself is flit or 1 innin n i^l lulu tli lit 

 form representing the le ist e\i in t suii i c m i lu 

 portion to the mass The 1 itei alh de% eluped le i\ es md 

 branches common to ordinary stems are genenlly re 

 placed by various ephemeral or abortive structures the 

 most notable of which are the bristles and remukahh 

 varied spines The real natuie of C actus spines is i dis 

 puted question and not a \eiy impoitant one ^ hen 

 rudiment iry leaves appear a in Opuntia t\u\ ire 

 found subtending the cushion or irex in connection 

 with which the spines are de^ eloped This iiea is 

 clearh an aborted branch and the spmes repiesent 



lobes (Fig M5) The 



smooth or bnstlj or spmj flesh\ fiuit, often edible 

 (figs 304,306) 



The largest forms i y t * i t^i ' i^i 



columnar and flutfil i i i ^ 



iscending branchi ht 



of 50 or 00 feet Th lis 



developed in the di un I i I il i i I i i I i i 



the eastern slopes of Lower California, these Cactus 

 trees occur m extensive forests, forming the so called 

 "cardon forests " 



In Bentham and Hooker s Genera Plantarum, 13 gen 

 era of Cactacece are recognized, while m Engler and 

 Prantl's Pflanzenfamilien, recently published Schu 

 mann recognizes 20 genera Of these 20 genera 15 are 

 included in tiade catalogues, and fave of them are rep 

 resented in the United States Generic and specific 

 lines among the Cactacem are ver^ indistinct and the 

 greatest diversity of opinion in leference to them ex 

 ists Thi erroup seems to be a ver> modern one geolog 

 11 ill\ II I 1 111! Willy plastic, responding readily to 

 \ II so that forms that have been de 



s ii' I J lecies will undoubtedly prove to be 



but 1 I 1 1 f I li s .if a single species The confusion 

 has be. n fnitbei intensified by the description of nu 

 merous garden forms As a result many catalogue 

 names aie very uncertain, being applied differently in 



