CALLUNA 



small shrub, well adapted for borders of evergreen 

 shrubberies, or for dry slopes and sandy banks and 

 preferring sunny positions ; it is also found growing 

 well in swamps and in partly shaded situations. Cut 

 branches keep their life-like appearance for many 

 months. Alfred Eehder. 



CAL0CH6RTUS (Greek for bea»tiful and grass). 

 LiUActa. tribe Tulipett. West American cormous 

 plants, the occidental representatives of Tulipa. St. 

 usually branched, and from a coated corm, more or less 

 leafy: perianth of unequal segments, the outer ones the 

 smaller and more or less sepal-like, the 3 inner ones 

 large and showy and bearing glands and hairs; stigmas 

 3, sessile and recurved ; stamens 6 ; fls. showy, shal- 

 low-cupped on the inner segments, arching. Nearly all 

 the species are in cult. Monogr. by J. G. Baker, Journ. 

 Linn. Soc. 14:302-310 (1875); and by S. Watson, Proc. 

 Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. 14: 262-208 ( 1879). See also 

 Colochorti in the Sierra Nevada, by George Hansen, 

 Erythea, 7: 13-15; A. Davidson, Erythea, 2: 1-2, 27-30. 

 L. H. B. 



Calochortuses are natives of western North America. 

 One or two extend into British Ann ricM. :ind a few, be- 

 longing to a peculiar gri>u|.. air t..iniil in Mexico; the 

 remainder are natives of tin- rniir.l States, from Ne- 

 braska to the Pacific ocean. Wliitt- tin- u^rneric charac- 

 teristics are unmistakable, the species and even varie- 

 ties have the most variable tastes as to soil, exposure 

 and climate. The Colorado desert and the summits of 

 the Sierra Nevada, the heavy clay lands of Californian 

 Talleys, the volcanic soils of the foothills and themead- 

 ows of the Northwest, each has its own representa- 

 tives of this beautiful tribe. The character of the genus 

 can be treated better under the various groups. Nearly 

 every known species is in cultivation to some extent. 

 Some are rr.nlily t:r..Hn, others present considerable 

 cultural ilillirnliii s ; hut while there are some which 

 will prolial.lv always )„ .lilKcult to cultivate, there are 

 many speciis-anil tin- number includes the very best— 

 which can he successfully grown by any one who is 

 willing to give a little special care to their culture; and 

 there are a few which possess such vigor and hardiness 

 as to be adapted to extensive cultivation. All Calo- 

 chortuses 111-4. bnr.lv ill tli.' s,-ns.. of withstanding ex- 

 treme culii. iiiii iIm \ will II. >t witiistand alternate thaw- 

 ing and Ir. ! .. anil thus we have the 

 paradox ..I ... .i-li severe eastern or 

 European \'. ini-i-- a.i.i -1111.111.^ ihi- loss of foliage in 

 mild ones. They slmuld 1,.- planted in the fall, and it is 

 better to plant late, so that leaf growth is delayed until 

 spring. Diverse as are their natural habitats, one soil 

 will answer the needs of all. In my own experience, a 

 light loam, made lighter with sand or sawdust, powdered 

 charcoal, or spent tan-bark, is best. My very best re- 

 sults have been with a mixture of equal parts of a good 

 light loam and spent tan-bark, with a little Ijroken char- 

 coal. Wallace, one of the most successful English 

 growers, recommends making a bed sloping to the 

 south, composed of leaf-mold and road grit in equal 

 parts, with a smaller proportion of sharp sand. The 

 idea is a light, porous, not too stimulating soil, with 

 perfect drainage. Wallace recommends covering the 

 beds with reeds to throw off the heavy rains. I accotn- 

 plish the same end by such thorough drainage that the 

 rains pass through quickly. It is better to lift the 

 bulbs as soon as they ripen, and replant in the fall. 

 Water sparingly at all times. Tli. y tak.- «-.ll to pot cul- 

 ture with similar soils and trtatnunt. While not to be 

 forced rapidly, they considerably antiripatr their out-of- 

 door season. The same treatment can be used in cold- 

 frame culture, but do not coddle them too much. Under 

 suitable conditions they are really very hardy and tena- 

 cious of life, but excessive moisture, either in air or 

 ground, is not to their liking after the flowering season 

 arrives. Theoretically, all Calochortuses of Section A 

 (Star Tulips) should liave shade, and all Mariposas ( AA) 

 sunshine ; but I find that the light shade of the lath -house 

 suits all alike, giving much finer bloom in the Mariposas. 

 The flowering season extends over three months, accord- 

 ing to species. Carl Purdt. 



Index: albus. No. 1 ; amoenus, 1, 6 ; apiculatus, 8 ; 

 atroviolaceus, 25 ; aureus, 22 ; Benthami, 4 ; eseruleus. 



CALOCHORTUS 



A. Star Tvi.ips. — Blossoms or fruit more or less nod- 

 ding : inner periavfh segments strongly arched. 



B. Fls. snbglobose, in.rhlhin : st. usually tall and 



branching. Glohf, 'I'ri.ij.s. -These have a single 

 long and narrow shiniii- I. at from the base, and 

 slender, flexunus, Iraty st<-nis, the perfection of 

 grace in outline. The tiowers are exquisite in deli- 

 cacy of tints. Woodland plants. 

 1. 41bus, Dougl. Fig. 321. Strong,! ft. high: fls. globu- 

 lar, pendent, 1 in. across, of a satiny texture, delicately 

 fringed with hairs. Calif. B.R. 1661. F.S. 11: 1171.- 

 Chaste and deli. 



Var. amoenus, Hort. Like C. albus, but rosy colored. 

 Cent. Calif. 



2. pulchfellus, Dougl. Similar, but fls. flatter, of pure 

 yellow, the edges of petals witli a linr el stiff hairs: 

 very handsome. Northwe-st Calif. WM. lii.'.J. 



BB. Fls. bell-shaped, erect irlii 11 ../..». iimsthi lined 

 with hairs, the pedicels bccuiniini ncurred; stem 

 mnstly low. and fls. often more or less umbellate. 

 Star Tllips Proper. — Like the Globe Tulip, but 

 smaller as a rule, and the fls. dainty open cups. 

 All of the species resemble each other, and were 

 first included under C. elegans. 



3. Maweinus, Leichtl. Plant low (4-10 in.), usu- 

 ally branched : fls. white, purplish at the base, filled 

 with silky hairs, the gland covered by a broad semi- 

 circular scale : capsule long-elliptic. Calif. N. B.M. 

 5976 as C. cZ^ffons. -Variable. Var. m&jor, Hort. Fig. 

 322. Twice as large in all its parts. Var. rdseuB, Hort. 

 Pis. tinged rose. 



4. B6nthami, Baker. Resembles C. pulchellus ; sts. 

 low : Ivs. narrow: fls. nearly erect, yellow, the segments 

 % in. long and brown at the base. Sierra Nevadas, in 

 Calif. J.H. 111. 30:549. 



