234 CANADA 



the province, by the low parallel lines of hills, known as 

 the north and south mountain ranges, is important and 

 valuable as windbreaks. The numerous bays and inlets 

 assist in equalizing temperatures, and exercise a raarlied 

 Influence upon the longevity of the apple tree in this 

 region. The soil consists of sand, sandy loam and clay, 

 overlavinff snii(Nt"n.- f"nn:iti..i,. Th.- cti-.imhous rise and 



fall of til.- fn|.- !i I . ...... I.!.,, I . <• 1. -posits con- 



stitutiiij,' til- ].!■. ^ ■ I . , I:,, ids. These 



marsh laiHl^ -I r> . i ;, ,; .: , i . 4 m u abundant 



CANADA 



The snowfall is heavy, and is a sufficient prot«ction. 

 Thomas A. Sharpe, of Woodstock, is a pioneer in this 

 work. Of apples, the following varieties have been 

 most successful in the St. John river valley: Duchess, 

 Wealthy, Fameuse, Pewaukee, Longfleld, and Scott's 

 Winter. The small-fruit harvest is a week later than in 

 Nova Scotia. New Bninswii-ki-r« ar.' tli.-r.-t'..r,. i-nahlpd 



classes of 

 ries ( Vacci 

 in large quanti: 



-/./,/ 



-I,ln 



, Wolfville, and 



are found manv of the 

 as Golden Pippin and 

 apples are grown in nea 



former il 



The ex I 



been stea 



ketable c 



-^ Arctic is till- tavurite of the 

 :)f the latter. 



ritain began in 1875, and has 

 se since that time. The mar- 

 apples in 1896 amounted to 500,000 



barrels, nearly all exported to Britain. The characteris- 

 tic apple of the province is Gravenstein. This, with 

 Ribston Pippin, was imported from England by Hon. 



Charles Raina-c. Prpscot " ^ ~" 



John Bui-lii.lL'.inirM.li 



Inglis.thcii,-. i.,-l...|,,.. 

 Bellefleurt.iil,. \ni,:M."l 

 by the name -r l;i-l,"|. - 



Thecralil.. tr; ;!m! ,- ,■ 



the out]ii.i 

 barrels; in 

 varieties en 

 The fruit 

 energetic. The Provi 



1830 and ; 

 iiparell Russet. Doctor 

 I it i;i, introduced Yellow 

 wliere it is now known 



I >|>ing rapidly. In 1890 

 Ih'i^s amounted to 400 

 l,cd 4,000 barrels. The 

 rum the wild marshes, 

 nee are intelligent and 

 ;-growers' Association, 



the oldest in the Dominion, assists in maintaining s 

 ticultural school, which was established at Wolfville 

 and is affiliated with Acadia College. 



The fruit-growing industry in Cape Breton is yet in 

 its infancy. The climate and soil resemble that of Prince 

 Edward Island, and practically the same class of fruits 

 are being tested. 



New Brunswick.— The climate of this province fa- 

 vors a mixed husbandry. Wild raspberries, strawber- 

 ries, blueberries and cranberries grow in wild profusion, 

 and have to some extent hindered the growing of culti- 

 vated forms Apples may be grown successfuUv for home 

 use in nearly all parts Commercial orchards are now 



ly known in New Brunswick as Wolfberry or Low- 

 bush' Cranberry. In the past, lumbering, fishing and 

 mining have absorbed much attention in New Bruns- 

 wick, but fruit culture is constantly receiving increased 

 attention. Bright minds are at work in the province. 

 What to grow, and how to grow it, are questions receiv- 

 ing earnest attention. 



Quebec. — The climatic conditions in eastern Quebec 

 approach quite closely those obtaining In many parts of 

 New Brunswick. We And the principal fruit areas ly- 

 ing south of that great artery of commerce, the St. 

 Lawrence river. Here and there, not on the low clay 

 flats, but on the higher middle elevations, with gravelly 

 subsoil affording natural drainage, we find orchards 

 made up of "La Belle Fameuse," Pomme Gris, and St. 

 Laurent, truly Canadian and truly delicious apples. In 

 the lower St. Lawrence region, especially on the north 

 side, the keeping season of apples is very much ex- 

 tended — or rather, the ripening season is very much re- 

 tarded. At Chicoutmi, on the Saguenay, Red Astrachan 

 ripens about the end of September and Wealthy is late 

 winter. 



In L'Islet county, about 70 miles northeast of the city 

 of Quebec, plum-irrnwing has become a somewhat spe- 

 cialized indii«trv >liiriin_' it-, fvliition, wliicli covers a 



period of a .-. inn . mil im 1 \ hi. m .. ,,f Reine 



Claude ami in 1 1 . 1 , . _ n 'I. and are 



now peculitii ];■ ■■ ' ; n ,1,. Mont- 



morency is :i lin. ll.i.niil -Ir.ini .■!' tin' imiriit group. 

 All plums grow in stocky f<irni, with widely spreading 

 re very productive. The trees are 

 with little pruning and fertilizing. 

 cas.pM extends from September 15 to 

 i\ I", till- 111" Kentish cherries have also 

 i II is a month later than at 



, i. c- and Montreal, along the 

 I I II- and apples are grown to a 

 l> . J lit- heavy blue clay of the region 

 between the Richelieu and St. Lawrence rivers is un- 

 suited to the cultivation of fruits. A wild fruit which 

 is being grown by the French habitant of the Richelieu 

 and its tributaries is the choke cherry, Prunus Vir- 

 yiiiidiia, Linn. The fruit is eaten 

 raw. but is also made into jellies 

 and conserves. A yellow variety is 

 comnicin to gardens in the vicinity 

 of St. Hyacinth, Que. The Island 

 of Montreal is undoubtedly the 

 cradle of the fruit industry of the 

 province. Here a truly intensive 

 style of fniit-^Towini: prevails. 

 A|iiilcH,|iliiiii^ tuiil I'l-tirs tire staples. 



othin- -mall fruir- tun Iarf;ei>' culti- 

 vtitc.l. riiij\-ciiiniit nittrket facili- 

 ties, both at.home and abroad, assist 

 the fruit-grower. The hardier types 

 of Primus dontestica, such as Dam- 

 son and Orleans plums, succeed 



branches, and 

 grown in soc 

 The marketing 

 October 15. IT 

 beendeveln)ii 

 Ottawa, Out 

 St. Lawrence i 

 limited extent 



342 Ontario, Quebec and / 

 Nova Scotia 

 I. 1. peach and grape regions: 2, mixed 

 fruit zone; 3 general agrieultu 

 apples. Nova Scotia : 1, plums, pears, .apples; 2, apples, 

 being planted in the valley of the St. John river, at 

 and about Woodstock. Damson and Moore's Arctic 

 plums are grown to a considerable extent. A few grow- 

 ers have found it profitable to protect their plum trees 

 in winter by planting them in such a manner as admits 

 of the trees being reclined on the ground i 



IS of unusual se- 

 hipan plums have 

 sjand. with the es- 

 ■rtainly. So far as 

 ntreal is the home 

 nd possibly Pomme 



verity, when the 

 not yet been s 



ception of Burbank. wlii-li ti- 

 can be ascertained, the l>lai 

 of the Fameuse and St. Lawr 



Gris. About the foothills of those curious outcrop- 

 pings of the Vermont mountains that we find in the 

 Richelieu valley and in the eastern townships — locali- 

 ties peopled by U. E. Loyalists — fruit-growing is a 

 leading branch of rural labor. Beloeil, Rougemont 

 and Abbotsford are well known to Quebec fruit growers 



