CHARD 



See Beet and Beta. The beet plant has given rise to two 

 general types of varieties : those varieties with thickened 

 roots (the beet of America, the beet-root of European 

 literature) ; and those with large and pulpy or thickened 

 leaves (but whose roots are small and woody). The lat- 



422. Chard, or Sea-Kale 



ter type is known under the general name of leaf -beets. 

 These leaf -beets may be ranged into three sub-groups: 

 (1) common or normal leaf -beets, or spinach beets, in 

 which the leaf -blade is large and pulpy, and is used as 

 spinach is; (2) Chard, in which the petiole and midrib 

 are very broad and thick (Fig. 422); (3) ornamental 

 beets, of which the foliage is variously colored. 



Chard is of the easiest culture. Seed is sown in 

 spring, as for common beets. The broad petioles, or 

 Chards, may be gathered from midsummer until frost. 

 These broad white stalks or ribs are used as a pot-herli; 

 and, if desired, the leaf -blades may be cooked with them. 

 The dish is usually more attractive, however, if only the 

 Chards are cooked. This vegetable is also known as 

 Sea-kale Beet and Swiss Chard. L H. B. 



CHARLOCK. Consult Bras 

 CHASTE TREE. See Vitex 



CHEAT, or CHESS. Bromus 

 CHECKERBERRY. GauUhe 



CHEESES. Vernacular for Mali: 



also Baphanns. 



iidifolit 



CHEILANTHES ( Greek. ?i>-«OH'er, alluding to the in- 

 dusium). 7'"////""/(.(. r ,1 . Semi-hardy or hothouse ferns 

 of small size, ufri-ii iKiiry or woolly, with the sori termi- 

 nal on the viiiis and i-uvircd with a roundish indusium. 

 Some (iO or 70 species are known, nearly a third of 

 which are natives of the west and southwest, one spe- 

 cies as far east as Connecticut. They are of easy cul- 

 ture, enjoying a position near the glass, and disliking 

 strong, close heat and syringing or watering overhead. 

 A. Lvs. pentagonal-deltoid, the indusium confined to a 

 single veinlei. 



Califdmica, Mett. (Rypdlepis Califdmica, Hook.). 

 Lvs. densely cespitose from a short creeping rootstock 

 2-4 in. each way, on stems 4-8 in. long, quadripinnatifid; 

 ultimate segments lanceolate, incised or serrate. Calif. 



CHEILANTHES 289 



meifdlia, D. C. Eaton. Lvs. cespitose, with slender 

 brown stems 5-7 in. long, the lamina 2-3 in. each way, 

 3-4-pinnatifld, with finely cut segments 1-10 of an in. 

 wide. Mex. 



AA. Lvs. ternatehj divided, tvith dark polished stems. 



pedita, A. Br. Lvs. cespitose, on long (9-12 in. ) stems, 

 about 6 in. either way, the 3 divisions bipinnatifld ; 

 sori numerous, placed on both sides of the segments. 

 Jamaica, Cuba. 



AAA. Lvs. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. 



B. Segments flat: indusia extending over the apices of 



several veinlets, but not contimwus. 



c. Surface of lvs. smooth. 



microph^lla, Swz. Lvs. 4-10 in. long, on stems nearly 

 as long, from a short, creeping rootstock, bi-tripinnate : 

 stems glossy, rusty-pubescent on the upper side. Fla. 

 and New Mex. southward. 



cc. Surface of lvs. viscid-glandular. 



viscida, Davenp. Lvs. 3-5 in. long, on stems of the 

 same length, tripinnatifld ; segments toothed, every- 

 where glandular. Calif. 



ccc. Surface of lvs. hairy, not woolly. 



hirta, Swz. Lvs. densely cespitose, with short, scaly 

 stems which are brownish, like the rachides; pinnae nu- 

 merous, rather distant bipinnatifld, the segments with 

 much incurved margins. The lvs. are usually 6-15 in. 

 long. Cape of Good Hope. — Var. ElliaiAna is more com- 

 monly cult. 



landsa, Wats. (C.rf«(»a, Swz.). Fig. 423. Cespitose, 

 with stems 2-4 in. long, slightly hairy, as are the seg- 

 ments : lvs. tripinnatifld, 4-10 in. long, 1-2% in. wide, 

 the pinnse lanceolate-deltoid : indusia formed of the 

 ends of roundish or oblong 

 lobes. Conn, to Kan. and 

 Ala. -Hardy. 



CodpersB, D.C.Eaton. Lvs. 

 3-8 in. long, bipinnate, the 

 stems covered with nearly 

 white hairs, each tipped with 

 a gland; pinnules roundish 

 ovate, crenate and incised. ' 

 Calif, to Mex. 



BE. Segments bead-like, mi- 

 nute : indusium usu- 

 ally continuous. 



D. Lvs. hairy or woolly 

 beneath, but not scaly. 



E. Upper surface of seg- 



ments smooth. 



graclllima, D. C. Eaton. 

 Lace Fern. Lvs. cespitose, 

 1^ in. long, besides the 

 nearly equal dark brown 

 stems, bipinnate ; pinnse 

 with about nine pinnules, 

 finally smooth above. Idaho 

 to Calif. -Hardy. 



Cldvelandil, D. C. Eaton. 

 Lvs. 4-8 in. long, tripinnate, 

 dark brown beneath, with 

 closely imbricate, ciliate 

 scales, which grow on both 

 the segments and the rach- 

 ides ; segments n^rly 

 round, the terminal larger. 

 Calif. 



ee. Upper surface of segments pubescent. 



tomentdsa, Link. Lvs. 8-15 in. long, on stems 4-6 in. 

 long, everywhere covered with brownish white hairs, 

 tripinnate ; terminal segments twice as large as the 

 lateral. Va. to Ariz. 

 DD. Lvs. covered beneath with scales, but not woolly. 



F^ndleri, Hook. Lvs. 3-6 in. long besides the chaffy 

 stems, rising from tangled, creeping rootstocks, tripin- 

 nate : rachides with broadly-ovate white-edged scales, 

 which overlap the subglobose segments. Tex. and 

 Colo, to Calif. 



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