CHERRY 



293 



De Bray) is often severe in the sour Cherry, but can 

 be checked by thorough applications of a fungicide. 



The aphis (Myzus cerasi, Linn.) appears in the early 

 part of the season on the young shoots, the leaves, the 

 stems, and less frequently on 

 the body of the fruit of the sweet 

 Cherries. It excretes honey-dew 

 abundantly. The leaves curl up- 

 ward and inward. Spray with 

 kerosene emulsion, 1 part to G 

 <.f water; or with fish-oil soap, 

 1 pound to 6 gallons of water, 

 before the leaves curl. 



The cureulio {Conotrae7ieh(S 

 nenuphar). See same on P?h»i. 



Climatic injuries. — Stin- 

 M nld and bursting of the bark. 

 - The sweet Cherry is liable to 

 I fatal injury from sun-scald in 

 the south and prairie states. 

 The trouble occurs in the spring, 

 when the rays of the sun cause 

 alternate freezing and thawing 

 of the growing tissues on the 

 south and west sides. In these localities, the bark 

 of the tree frequently bursts open, and large quantities 

 of gum exude. A rich garden loam, a summer drought 

 followed by fall rain, excessive wood stimulation, violent 

 changes of temperature in the winter, or other factors 

 unfavorable to the maturing of the wood, aggravate the 

 difficulty. The bursting of the bark is probably caused 

 by the freezing and thawing of the tissues under these 

 unfavorable conditions. Both troubles are more injuri- 

 ous to trees with exposed trunks. A low-headed and 

 spreading top, soils not too rich, and cultural methods 

 which favor the early maturity of the wood, lessen the 

 danger. The trunks "may also be protected by a board, 

 matting, or screen of some kind on the sunny side dur- 

 ing the spring montns. G. Harold Powell. 



The Cherry in California.— In commercial impor- 

 tance, the Cherry is least of the fruits of the temperate 

 zonegrowninCalifomiaonacominrri'ial scale. This is not 

 because the finestCherrie.s raiiiKii I., ^i.mi,.i :ii i.r,ause 

 the avenues for the disposiii^Mi !'!; !i t as 



)t, t}i(MiL')i td'-n- is j^lfiitA- of ixood land upon which 



111 It I I.I s I In- |.r, ,, ,,i t,,(.,i ■,,!' i,;iif ;, niilUon trcos, the 



I, I. _ .: - . I .. , :,I. ,: -Ilji'ted. It is ouo of 



ill' I , ml I- oiilyprofitablewhen 



•riiuii-i nil 111- ill. 11 -i" . iiM. Alii.ut one-half of the 

 iont acreaicf lirs in valleys opening upon the bay of 



Francisco, where deep and moist, but well drained 

 vial soil fosters strong and sound root-growth, and 

 ified atnuisjihoric aridity favors leaf and fruiting. 

 -iiiiilar ill . |i nil iini-i ^liils, however, the tree enters 

 liiit int. 1 . riTtain limits, chiefly along 



ii\.r i.. 1 I I ,..is dry plains. In dry air it 



illy r.tii-. . I . .hi,.. ugh if the soil be moist. 



ing, and in nii.i.i.i ;, i. . • . ■ . . i .;,(iii(> 



feet, on guml -..,,;.,, . .■. . : . , , : -...i . ■, m 



with the sni.w ilurin -, ■ u . . ; . . ..... i, . a.- 



at proper elevation-. I . . ... ■\-r . .ml 



profitabletotheliiiiii- i . . ; I ■ ii~ 



to havenogeograpliii'iil i . .■ . i . ... . ...iv 



ever suitable soil and w ai h. r .-..imIii h.h .ur. it a.... (its 



the situation — the I>ukias and iMorellos succeeding under 

 conditions too trying fur the Hearts and Bigarreaus, but 

 the latter comprise all the varieties that are of 

 cial account. 



Cherry trees are grown by budding upon Ma; 

 Mahaleb seedlings— the latter chiefly imported. 



431 Napoleon Cherry ( a 



150,000 cases of canned 

 vantage; but until it i.s 

 demands will increase, 

 largely extended. Che 

 packing, and to incur 

 the chances of a local 

 market, over supplied 

 when ever the trees do 

 their full duty, the 

 grower does not enjoy. 

 Cherry drying has 

 never seenied war- 

 ranted on a Itn-L't' sralo. 

 becausi- of tin- lari;i 



quired to tlio ponn.i 

 of product : and the 

 grower has had no re- 

 course when the eanner 

 and local consumer 



legree. 



tomary to plant out in orchards at the end of the first 

 year's growth from the bud, though 2-year-old Cherry 

 trees can be more successfully handled than other 12- 

 year-olds. The trees are headed at 1 to 2 feet from 

 the ground, cut back to promote low branching for two 

 years, and then allowed to make long branches, and 

 not usually shortened-in, so long as thrifty and healthy. 

 The tree, in a good environment, is, however, a very 

 hardv tree, and will endtiro pruning to almost 



rieties 

 about t' 

 found I 



1. Ostheim Cherry i .< IQ. 



■y interest, and the early 

 I rniits its sale during the 

 lioi-ry trees, is the leading 

 -. voral occasions early va- 

 foiH tlie \'acaville district 

 Ik- usual opening date is 

 ■nn- onward later varieties, 

 be shipped until July, if 



made a very 



;,. -I', iioaring 1,000 lbs. of 

 - which have even 

 1 I \ I been dwarfed and 

 loin. 1. ml orchards are, how- 

 a OS, ai'j)roxiniately of vase 

 and with branches curving 



The Cherry is very rotulily grafted over by the usual 

 top-grafting methods, and large orchards have been thus 

 ' formed into varieties more acceptable for canning 

 or shipping. Comparatively few varieties are grown. 

 Early Purple Guigno, Cuigne Marbre.nnd Knight's Early 

 Black are grnwn^ iti nai-lv vii.oiiii l- lo,.alitios Black 



Tartarian and Low-.i r.. ii nn -n.v i,.i Mark 



Cherries. Tin- Na|... ... In .i. . . i i ' a-^ 



Royal Ann! is tin ni- .: ' ' ; i s^ 



excludes all otilors, tl...ii;n)i t'... K' ..-l.l.'.l l Inn.iir.ni lias 



some standing. Of all the varieties grown, the Black 

 Tartarian and Napoleon Bigarreau, constitute 70 per 

 cent of the crop, and probably 90 per cent of the amount 

 marketed. 



California 

 ner's requir 

 than % of a 

 inch. Who: 

 per ton for 



the 



less 



