294 CHERRY 



year (1899) canners have paid as high as $160 per ton 

 for white Cherries. The higher rates can only be ex- 

 pected during years of short crops. 



EdWAKD J. WiCKSON. 



CHERVIL. A term applied to two umbelliferous plants 

 which produce edible parts, neither of which is well 

 known in America. The name is sometimes applied, also, 

 to the sweet cicely. 



Salad Chervil or Leaf Chervil is Scandix cerefoUum, 

 Linn., a native of S.Eu. It is annual. The neat and 

 sley, wh" 



iind, with oval cut leaf- 

 lets ; and there are varieties with much cut and curled 

 foliage. The cultivation of Salad Chervil presents no 

 difficulties. Leaves are ready to use in 6 to 10 weeks 

 from seed sowing, and any good garden soil is congenial. 

 It thrives best in the cooler and moister part of the year. 



Tuberous or Turnip-rooted Chervil is Chwrophyllum 

 bulbosuniy Linn., of S. Eu. It is biennial or plur-annual, 

 like the radish and carrot. The roots are like small 

 carrots in shape (4-5 in. long), but are gray or blackish, 

 and the flesh is of different flavor. The roots are eaten 

 as carrots are, either boiled or in stews. The one difB- 

 culty in the growing of Tuberous Chervil is the fact that 

 the seeds germinate very tardily, or even not at all, if 

 kept dry over winter. It is customary, therefore, to .sow 



they should be sir 



CHESTNUT 



and Sweet Chestnut of English writers. It is an inhabi- 

 tant of tiMHiiif iiiii forests in the temperate regions of 

 wist, III ,\-i:i. i;iiii.|.e and north Africa. Esteemed for 



stitui. .i I i|.i.n:int article of food since an early day. 



lutruducLil lo tliL- L iiited States by Ir^n^e Dupont, at Wil- 

 mington, Del., in 1803, though recorded by Jefferson, 

 under the designation " French Chestnut," as grafted by 

 him on native Chestnut near Charlottes ville (Monticello), 

 Va., in 1773. 



American Chestnut (C. Americana). -Fig. 432. Atall, 

 straight, columnar tree, in forests reaching a height of 

 100 ft. and a diameter of 3 to 4 ft. ; when grown in the 



CHESS, or CHEAT I>,omii 



433 Japanese Che!,tn 



til I .| I I he 



hoURuUui il 1. 1 I I I 111 1 h uu„Lu li iln L three 

 t>pes lie us t«ll«\\!, 



Emopean Chestnut^ —Tree large, with a spreading 

 but compact head stocky smooth barked twigs and large 

 glossybuds.it i\<llinus]i l>i mn c ilur k v\es oblong 

 lanceol It i lui il i n i I ith i nietnnes in 



curved i i dly pubes 



cent 1)1 11 I I I I 111 sides when 



maturi I ' I lnn^ s].ines, 



and I till I I \ I nc in 



bro\^ n I 1 1 i ' i i I i r 



\ \;l|ip\fVf , 



432 Native wild Chestn 



sweet The leaves remain on the trees until late m 

 autumn, but are more susceptible to the attacks of fungi 

 than the Americin and Japanese species At least one 

 variegated and one tut leaved T iriety are grown as oma 

 mentals. This species is variously known as European, 

 French, Spanish and Italian Chestnut ( Cdstanea sativa ) , 



open, forming a low round topped head of slightly pen 

 dulous branches Leaves thinner thin m Castanea sat 

 ma, oblong lanceolate, acute long pointed at the apex, 

 coarsely serrate except toward the wedge shaped base, 

 green and glabrous on both surfaces, changing to 

 bright, ckar m lli.n 1 iti in nutunin Tin stiminate 

 flowers op* II n T n r T I Mil li \ ittamed 



full size 111 I I i,iceable 



to many \« i iii| turns of 



hay fevei I i t pistil 



late flowei 111 Ills 



of androt,\ n i ' ' I 



scattered < 1 1 1 i I i i 



and spini I I h 



2 or ! ru ! i I ' i i n 1 ii„ 



and nun h i iiinini ssi d l,\ ii \\dnip tin u^li s mic 

 times ne 11 1\ oblong and approaching c\ lindrical They 

 are of a blight brown color, covered it tht ape\ with 

 thuk pile tomentum which sometimes i\tiiiilsii( irh 

 to the base of the nut The nuts an \ i i I i 

 ible in flavor the best among Cli i 



marketed in large quantities from tli i I 



Appilichnn retrion eastern iNorth \ii ii M t. 



lIlPlllfTI 



Mis 



a height of 50 ft m 

 smaller than other ( li 

 pointed, with a trun i 

 with shallow II iM 1 



([ualit 



Mrieties m i „iii 1 iuti ■ 1 

 in 187b by s B Pirsin^s flu 



Aside from these three tvi 

 and small-fruited Castaneas kni 

 two native Chinquapins may bt 



Lithern areas trum causes 

 elected forms ha\e been 



I I iniurj by 

 I llim, pa 

 I II I in- 1 ill. s Nuts 

 1 iil\ soiiii times 5 or 

 o the other Chestnuts 

 cooked, and m a few 

 h state Many cultural 

 i.fd tnthet nited States 



varf 



