the exhibit!. 



CHRYSANTHEMUM 



Many of the midseason varieties are good for Thanlss- 

 giving and after if planted late. Elmer D. Smith. 



Subsection V.- Culture of Chnjsanthemums for 

 Exhibition. 



This branch of cultivation naturally requires more 

 care than any other, and the cultural side counts for 

 very little compared with the personal qualities of the 

 exhibitor after the fls. are delivered 

 hall. Prize-winiiinu- i- i.h.n- lik-l.iiMt 

 ture. and i-. tl^'yi-'V. l.u-rlv •, nuitt 



It is h:.r.l ti. rMn,-al.. ■.,u^■ inN>l:Mi|.i;I 



Chrysanthemum .show. Th.- i : - i ■-• ■ i 



more specialized than with ill I ' \ 



the schedule of prizes is j, i :-; •'■• ■ ii- 

 should pick out the classes li. mii im - t.. n in. i In 

 importance of strong stock can hardly be overstated. 

 Novelties or highly forced plants are more likely to 

 give poor results than selected stock carefully grown by 

 the competitor himself. Next to a general comprehen- 

 sion of Chrysanthemum culture, perhaps the two most 

 important factors in success are the quality of stock and 

 the choice of variety. In the biggest exhibitions, novel- 

 ties are classed by themselves. One of the > 

 mistakes that beginners make is to depend fc; 

 upon novelties for general prizes. It is .Ir^irali 

 change visits with other growers, to fak' tlii' I 

 tural periodicals, to master the art of -liiiijiniL: 

 study the analysis of successful varieti.-. I',, m 

 sired" date. rrri\> n i-n.l^ -■.■m lir u-nl tolia^tm lai.' \ 



CHRYSANTHEMUM 



309 



are: Wtiit.- 



Queen. Mrs. 



BonnafFon,_ 



orgiana 



111, UoKU-u We.hliii-. Mi 



-Morel. Mrs. Perrin. JI.-ii 



W. M. 



SECTION n.-CULTURE OF MARGUERITES IXDOORS. 

 There are two types of Marcrni rirr-:. rlip r-.MiniinTi .ne, 

 or Paris Daisy, with coar-;. r : -. • ^- _■■ ■ ' tin- 



glaucous Marguerites, with in , _ .-.■. 



The former, C. frutescens. i- ■; .is. 



The latter, C. nnethifolium. i- pr.kai.i:, Im i;,i Lr lai-e 

 specimens. Marguerites are staiidani plants with tlo- 

 rists and in the conservatories of amateurs, being of 

 easy culture and remarkably free from enemies. They 

 are cultivated for two distinct j'lirposes, — for tut -flow- 

 ers and for speciim n li.iii-.. . iiiil.- plants being used 

 for the former pui ] k r ones for the lat- 



ter. For cut-flower^, ■ , .in> rooted in spring, 



and the florists usiiaii. i.-'Iiim ii, nits in pots all sum- 

 mer outdoors, though ilus js not necessary for amateurs, 

 and fls. are produced during the following winter. It is 

 sometimes said that Marguerites do not lift well in the 

 fall after being planted out all summer in the garden, 

 and that unrestricted root-room makes the plants too 

 large for the best production of cut-flowers. The prin- 

 ciples underlying the matter are as follows : in turning 

 plants out of pots into the open ground in 

 spring, a plant that has filled its pot well 

 with roots tends to make a much more '=' ■ '- 



compact root-system in the garden than the 

 plant that had but a few roots in its pot 

 and the former plant is easily lifted in the 

 fall and with less damatre to the roots As 

 a matter of fact, JIarguerites do not belong 

 to the class of plants that are difficult to lift 

 in the fall, and it is only a matter of start 

 ing the cuttings early enough in spring to ' 

 get the plant moderately pot-bound before 

 it is planted out into the open ground y 

 Specimen plants are most attractive in the 'V, 

 second winter following the spring in which 

 cuttings were struck. After that they aie 

 likely to become too large and straggling 

 While "in the garden the fls. should not be 

 allowed to form, if the main object is high 

 grade cut-flowers in quantitv for the wintei 

 Old plants that are unfit for further U'-e in 



lemand it could 

 V month of the 

 tis without any 

 ■1 with some fo- 

 lic forethought, 

 they will look 

 very few con- 



rather small. If there w.rr ■oilli.-imt 



be easily managed to h,i ■ :'.- >■ 



year. It is a great pity i - ^1 _ 



foliage. Theruleistliat 

 liage, especially their iiw II, Wnh a li 

 just as many fls. can be secured, am 

 much prettier and last longer. There ! 

 servatories without some Marguerites. An excellent 

 plan is to have a number of plants in 6-inch pots from 

 cuttings struck the previous spring. A plant looks 

 bad at first when the fls. have been removed on sprays 

 a foot long, but in a short time they are ready for cut- 

 ting again. With a little management a succession of 

 H--, can h<- maintained wittionT making all the plants 



I n,,-:_nTlv, Siirli , , , fa V < wiU last a WBck or two 



II I i iIm Mjniiinu ■■! iln- larger buds is an addi- 



. ' .' : :■< III Inaiiity wlial, is lost if Hs. are cut with 

 -iKiii -I. Ill- and without luiiau'e. Robert SHORE. 



The oldest of the outdoor types are the Pompons 

 (Fig. 45U), which produce from 40-100 buttons an inch 

 or two across, with short and regular rays. Such plants 

 can be left outdoors all winter. A selection of these old- 

 fashioned kinds is given on page 307, under head of "(8) 

 Pompon." Since the large-flowering or Japanese types 

 have come in, numberless attempts have been made to 

 grow them outdoors, but with poor results. The green- 

 house varieties are not so hardy. In the north they are 

 likely to be killed by the winter. Their fls. usually lack 

 in size, depth and symmetry, largely because there are 

 more of them on a plant than a florist allows for his best 

 blooms, but chiefly because they do not get as much care 

 in general as is given to plants under glass, where 

 space is precious. For the very best results. Chrysan- 

 themums must be flowered under glass, and they need 

 the greatest care and forethought practically all the 

 year round. Half-way measures are unsatisfactory. 

 Thus it happens that the .Japanese varieties are usually 

 unsatisfactory out of doors, and the Pompons are chosen 

 by those who can give very little care to plants and 

 would rather have many small fls. than a few large ones. 

 This also partly explains why no two dealers recommend 

 anything like the same list of Japanese varieties for 

 outdoor culture. Nevertheless, it is possible to grow ex- 

 cellent fls. 4 and 5 or even 6 in. across outdoors, but it 

 requires staking, disbudding, and some kind of tem- 

 porary protection, as of a tent or glass, during frosty 

 weather. Pig. 458 shows a cheap and simple structvire 

 of coldframe sashes resting on a temporary framework. 

 In severe weather a canvas curtain can be dropped in 

 front, and the window of a warm cellar in the rear 

 opened to temper the air. Fig. 458 is taken from Gar- 

 den and Forest 1:.';23, where J. N. Gerard has left a de- 

 tailed and delightful account of his success, which is 

 sure to rouse the enthusiasm of expert amateurs. For 

 general outdoor culture, however, where no special care 



the ■ 



ned ( 



protecting Chrysanthemums that are to bloom outdoors 



