318 CINCHONA 



richer in alkaloids than the original. In this way, by 

 taking successive strips of bark in different years, the 

 tree yields a continuous supply of bark. 



Wm. Pawcett. 

 Cinchonas are sometime.s seen in collections of eco- 

 nomic plants, but only one of them seems to be regu- 

 larly in the trade at this time. This is C. officinalis, 

 var. Cmidaminea, which Franceschi says is "probably 

 the least delicate and most easily grown of all Cinchonas." 

 L. H. B. 



CINEEABIA (ash-volored, from the Latin, referring 

 to the gray foliage). Compisit(r. Herbs or under-shrubs, 

 closely allied to Senecio, from which they are separated 

 chiefly by technical characters of the akene. The genus 

 is variously understood by different authors. As limited 

 by Bentham & Hooker, it comprises about 25 South 

 African species, and the common garden Cineraria be- 

 comes a Senecio. The Cineraria of the florists (Fig. 

 472) is now much modifled by cultivation. There are 

 two views of its origin, one holding that it is a direct 

 development of C. cruenfa, Mass., the other that it is a 

 hybrid, into which C. cruenfa, C. Ecritieri, C. popiili- 

 folia, and perhaps others, have probably blended. These 

 are all natives of the Canary Islands. The writer is in- 

 clined to believe that it is a direct evolution from C. 

 cruenta. This species is figured in B. M. 406. For the 

 more important literature of the recent discu==^o" re- 

 specting the origin of the garden Cineraria, ste Nature, 

 51:461, 605; 52:3,29, 5-1,78, 103,128; 55:341 G( III 

 3:654 and 657; 17:588,655,742; 18:89,186. 



See Senecio for Cineraria acanthi folia, C ((i>i<U<hs 

 sima, and C. maritima. To the garden or florist s t int 

 raria {C. cruenta) belong the horticultural nanus < 

 hybrida, C.grandi flora, V. Kewensis, C. nana, and thi 

 like. There are full-double forms (see R.H. 1874, p 1" 

 1886,p.41. F.S. 22: 2347-8. I.H.32:556). l H 1 



The single hybrid Cinerarias are among the 



required, together with their free-blooming <iualities, 

 brilliant and various-colored flowers, which last for i 

 considerable time in blossom, make them popular with 

 most people possessing even only a small 

 greenhouse. Though they are herbaceous in 

 character and may be propagated by cuttings 

 or division of the roots, the single varieties 

 are best treated as annuals, raising 

 them from seed each year and 

 throwing away the plants after flow- 

 ering. Though anyone may save 

 one's own s,iil. the Cineraria, like 



CINERARIA 



least pot-bound, or suffer in anv wav iliirinff the season 

 of gro%vth. The soil slioul.l r,,!, i-i ,,f l,;,|f I.af-mold 

 and half fine fibrous Iciaiii. \\iili I 1 Imi; of sil- 



ver sand, until the Hn.il -li:ii ' riTis; pots, 



when the soil .should Im ilic^ i ,,, ; loam and 



one part well-decayed ."W-niaiuiii ..i |.iil\ Liized sheep- 

 manure. About tile fir.st of October the plants should 

 all be removed to the greenhouse, where the atmosphere 

 should be kept cool and moist, but not stagnant. If a 

 rainy spell should set in, a little artificial heat should 

 be given to cause a circulation of the atmosphere, and 

 as the fall advances the temperature should be kept 

 about 45° at night, with a rise of ten degrees by day. 



Double -1 



the single 

 or by cut- 

 tings, the latter being the best method, as a large per- 

 centage of seedlings are sure to turn out single, which 

 will be inferior in size of flower as compared with the 

 best single varieties. Double-flowering varieties must 

 be propagated each vear to obtain thf best rt suits As 

 soon as the plants ha^e finished blossoming the flo\\or 

 stalks should he cut ^w^^ to induce the plants to m ike 



in size :ii i . ' ..r ili,- don 

 after on. i ,iious i 



less tht-y in. ;: . i, -d: therefore, u 

 one care.s to k, ..ndi,,.- his own plants, 

 best to purchase fresh seed from 

 liable firm who obtain their stock from 

 bridists. For florists' use, or where a s 

 cession of these flowers is required, 

 sowings of seed should l.c made ; the first ibout lh< 

 middle of August, and th.- s.-.-oud a month later Tin 

 seed should be sown in |.ans or sliallow boxt s one foot 

 square ; these should be wi 11 drained, and the soil 

 should consist of one part fine loam, one part leaf 

 mold, and one part clean, sharp silver sand The sur 

 face should be made very fine and pressed down e\ enh 

 The seed should then be sown evenly and rathir thinh , 

 and covered with sand about the eighth part of an 

 inch. This will in a great measure prevent the seedlings 

 from what gardeners term "damping-off," which the \ ire 

 very apt to do if the atmospheric conditions bee 

 all stagnant. The seed-pans or boxes should be i 

 fully watered with a fine rose and then placed in some 

 cool, shaded place, such as a frame placed on sifted coal 

 ashes on the north side of a wall or building, where they 

 will germinate in about a week or ten days. As soon as 

 large enough to conveniently handle, the seedlings 

 should be potted into thumb-pots and grown on as 

 rapidly as possible, shifting on into larger size pots as 

 required, never allowing them to become the 



often 



472. The fl( 



fresh growth, which, as soon as large enough for cut- 

 tings, should be taken off and inserted in an ordinary 

 propagating bed, where they will soon root, after which 

 they should be potted and shifted on as often as re- 

 quired, growing them during the hottest months in as 



