CINERARIA 



cool and shaded a position as can be provided. Of the 

 different species of Cineraria from S. Europe, C mari- 

 lima is perhaps the best. It is of dwarf habit, with 

 tomentose, silvery, pinnatifid leaves, and is a most use- 

 ful subject for edging flower beds. It is not hardy in 

 this climate, consequently must be treated as an annual, 

 sowing the seeds early in March in the greenliousn. 

 afterwards treating them as ordinary summer brddini^ 

 plants. The other species from south and t-astirii 

 Europe do not prove hardy here, and if grown should 

 be treated as tender annuals, planting them in the her- 

 baceous borders for the summer. The species from the 

 Cape of Good Hope require greenhouse treatment, the 

 culture being the same as for the common Cineraria, 

 though, from an ornamental point of view, they would 

 hardly pay for the room they would occupy. 



Edwakd J. Canning. 

 CiNNA (old Greek substantive). Gramlneie. Peren- 

 nial woods grasses allied to Agrostis and Calamagrostis, 

 with 1-fld., much-flattened spikelets, 1-nerved palet, 1 

 stamen, and a loose open panicle. The two northern 

 species are offered by collectors; C. arundinjlcea, Linn., 

 with the branches of the panicle ascending or erect ; 

 C. pfindula, Trin., with the branches very slender and 

 drooping. These grasses (growing 3-7 ft.) are useful in 

 wild borders. 



CINNAMdMUM (the ancient Greek name). Laxirci- 

 ce(B. Fifty or more trees and shrubs of Asia, mostly 

 tropical, of which 2 or 3 are cult, in the extreme south- 

 ern U.S. The Ivs. are thick and ribbed, mostly opposite: 

 fls. usually perfect, with 9 perfect stamens in 3 rows and 

 a row of imperfect ones : fr. a small, 1-seeded berry, in 

 a cup-like calyx : buds not scaly. The Cinnamon of 

 commerce is mostly the bark of C. Zeyldnicum, Nees ; 

 and this is sparingly cult, in S. Fla. and S. Calif. It is 

 cult, in Ceylon and other oriental countries. It is a 

 small tree, with ovate-oblong, shining, 3-.5-nerved Ivs., 

 and small, yellow-white fls., in terminal, loose clusters. 

 It is native to E. Ind. and Malaya. C. Camphdra, T. 

 Nees and Eberm., is the Camphor tree. By some it is 

 retained in the genus Camphora, and it will be found 

 there in this book. C. C&ssia, Blume, of Burma and 

 China, furnishes Cassia bark or "Cassia lignea" of com- 

 merce. It is hardier than the C. Zviihiiiicinn. It is a 

 handsome tree, with stiff, loiii^'-dhlnnir, anitisli, 3-ribbed 

 shining Ivs., and small IN. in ti.iumt.iv,. ii-nninal or 

 axillary panicles. Tin- h.-it-k iv thick, r ami (Miarser than 

 that of C. Zeylciiiiciii,,. and is used t.. adulterate Cin- 

 namon. The unexpandc-d. clove-like flower-buds are 

 often sold as Cassia bu<ls. C. Lourtirii, Nees. A mid- 

 dle-sized tree of Cochin China, is rarely sold as a glass- 

 house plant. It has an aromatic odor. Lvs. opposite or 

 alternate, riprid. idliiitic .h-.iIiImh;;. pptiolo ';,'->?; in. lonjj. 

 There is a t'Mrm with v:iiir-:iTi d lvs. C. pedunculatum, 

 Fresl, from .lapan, is als., s.,|,l as a L'lassln.nsr snhi.'cf. 

 It is a gUll.rnns tivr. with thirk, prli,,l,.,l. .,bl,.n;;-lan.-f,,- 



CISSAMPELOS 



319 



%-% in. long. 



The genus embraces tropical and semi-tropical shrubs 

 and trees, which are mostly of economic value, and in 

 one or more cases are valuable shade trees for lawn 

 and street planting. The lvs. are evermnn. usually of 

 a rich, shining green, and in C. r-//,;,,;. .; ./ lun'i a 

 silvery blue color on the under surf a.-. s. c, (,,,„,,;,,,,■,,, 

 the Camphor tree, is hardy in the hiwrr i .uli stairs, ami 

 is now being extensively planted, liutli lur sliade aud 

 extraction of gum (see Camphora). (' Cassia is not 

 quite so hardy, but withstands a temperature of 20° Fahr. 

 without injury, and has been planted in Florida for 

 manufacture of its various products, — oil, i;nm, buds and 

 cinnamon bark. The true Cinnamon "f .•muuihuc'c- is 

 prepared from the bark of C. Zei/ln Hi.iiuf . a tiM|u,;,l 

 species, likely to be extensively grown in .Mi xii.i an. I 

 the West Indies. The various species arr usnall\ piMpa 

 gated by seeds, which are sown as soon as ripe in a shaded 

 bed, the seedlings being transplanted when very small 

 into pots and kept tlms growing until permanent plant- 

 ing out. The species, without exception, are very difft- 

 cult to transplant from the open ground, and hence pot- 

 grown plants are almost a necessity. Cuttings of half- 

 ripened wood; of some species may be rooted in the 

 spring in moderate heat, following the usual method of 



preparation, and planting in coarse sand. The soil best 

 suited to Cinnamomums in general, and C. Camphora 

 in particular, is sandy loam, although a heavy loam, 

 where well prepared, answers fairly well. The sandy 

 soil of Florida, when moderately manured, suits all spe- 

 cies so far tried admirably. 



E. N. Reasonek and L. H. B. 



CINNAMON VINE. A name for species of Dioscorea. 



ClNQUEFOIL. A species of PotentiUa. 



CIRCfflA( Circe, the enchantress). Onagr&cem. A few 

 species of low woods herbs in N. Amer. and En., two 

 of which are in the trade for growing in shady places and 

 about garden bogs. They are interesting little plants, 

 but not showy. Of easy culture in shady, damp spots. 

 Lvs. opposite and stalked; fls. perfect, small, and white, 

 in terminal and lateral racemes ; calyx tube hairy ; fr. a 

 small, bristly bur. 



Lutetiilna, Linn. Erect and branching, 1-2 ft., the stem 

 swollen at the nodes; lvs. ovate-acuminate, more or less 

 rounded at the base: pedicels slender, reflexed in fruit: 

 fr. 2-celled. Woods, E. 



Facifica, Asch. & Mag. From 6-12 in. : smaller than 

 the above, lvs. less acuminate, fls. smaller, fr. 1-celled 

 and less bristly. Col., N. and W. T. TT R 



CIERHOPETALUM {i 

 row lati-ral s. .pals I. • 

 Nearly .">il old \V..rhl ti-. 

 in the AmiTican trad.-. 

 the fls. an odd appear. 



Alii. 



idingtothenar- 

 «■ Epidindrea. 

 ne of which are 

 i-ral sepals give 

 Bulhuphvllum. 



They are epiphytes, and are grown in baskets ,u'..ii lihi.ks 

 in a warmhouse. Leading species are: ( '. Cnun ii,i,i . 

 Lindl. (B.M.4996); C. Medasa-, LimlUH.M. i'Ml. l.K. 

 39;l.i4. G.C. 111.21:25); C. picturatum. L...ld. (li. M. 

 6802); ('. ,.h/./,,h/.i. N. E. Brown (I. H. 3:i:(;08. A. F. 

 ti-.tiO'.t): ('. 7Vi.,».-in;;, Lindl. (B.M. 4237). C. Sii,e„se 



access of air to the roots, which is equally essential. 

 Liberal allowance must be made for drainage, which 

 should consist of either broken potsherds or charcoal, 

 the latter being preferable, as it is light, durable and con- 

 tains nothing detrimental. Two-thirds osmunda, or other 

 clean fiber, and one-third chopped live sphagnum moss, 

 well mixed together, afford a good compost ; and after 

 this has been carefully tucked in about the roots and 

 interstices, the plant should be held firm with brass or 

 copper wire until reestablished. The compost should be 

 used rather sparingly to prevent over-watering. Many 

 of the smaller-growing species do very well on orchid 

 blocks, firmly attached, with a small quantity of compost 

 beneath them. During tin- winter inunths, little or no 

 shade is required. Tin- i. mpi i iiui . may range from 

 58° to 65° F. by night, w - : i rise through the 



day, or even a little mnic, ii .will do no injury. 



No artificial heat is nn-i- ;. I \ im -miiiufr, except in ex- 

 treme cold or wet weatiin . hut ,i sluul<-d, moist location 

 should be selected, such as is afforded in the cattleya 

 or palm department. When the plants are dormant, 

 light syringing overhead will keep the compost moist 

 and the plants in healthy condition, but as tin- irrowing 



ll'-.'-at.'-.l'aV ',T^"-s'tal,li'sh,-d plallt. Ai.tlh-rxtn, heat and 



im.istiu-B at this period will prove lieue(i.-ial with the 

 weak plants. All are of moderately easy culture. 



ROBT. M. Gkey. 

 ClESIUM. Refer to Cniciis. 



CISSAMPELOS (Greek for ivy and vine). Menisper- 

 mAcew. Vines : fis. in axillary racemes or clusters, the 

 plant dioecious ; sterile fls. with 4 or 2 sepals and as many 



