322 



CITRON 



during the summer all cultivation is stopped, and grass, 

 beggar- weed, or field-peas allowed to cover the ground, 

 preventing sunburning and providing a source of 

 humus so necessary in keeping up proper fert'lity and 

 texture of the sandv soil of Florida. 



E. N. Eeasoner. 

 CITKCLLUS (from Citrus). CucurbitAcece. The ge- 

 nus which includes the Watermelon. Cogniaux the 

 latest monographer (DC. Monogr. Phaner 3) recog 

 nizes thrcf species, till of the Old World, with the larg 

 est dispirsion in At'rM-;i. Plant monoecious the two 

 kinds <>( tls. s.ilitary in the axils of the Ivs. fls with a 

 short, Ijell-likc cuiyx tube and a deeply 5 cleft vel 

 low corolla. C, vulgaris, Schrad,, is the Watermelon 

 (which see), native to tropical and south Africa C 

 Coloc^nthis, Schrad., is the Colocynth, extract from the 

 fruit of which furnishes a well-known purgative drug 

 It is native to the Mediterranean region and tropic d 

 Mrica. The fruit is small and globular, gourd like 

 emooth and partly colored, the flesh very bitter \\ s 

 deeply divided. L H B 



CITKUS (ancient name for Citron). Butdccw Oranc i 

 Lemon, Citron, etc. Aromatic, glandular shrubs i 

 small trees, mostly thorny: Ivs, alternate, with more < r 

 less winged petioles, compound, mainly unifoliolati 

 (appearing as a simple leaf but really compound as 

 shown by the joint between the petiole and lamina. 

 Fig, 475 ) , in one species trifoliolate : fls, hermaphrodite ; 

 calyx cupulate, 3-5-toothed ; petals 4-8, linear-oblong, 

 thick, glandular, imbricated in the bud ; stamens nu- 

 merous, 20-60, occasionally only 5 ; filaments more or 

 less united ; disk cushion-shaped ; ovary compound, 

 composed of 5 to many united carpels, with a single 

 style and stigma, and central axial placenta; ovules 4-8 

 in each carpel, arranged in two row- : Ir. u n.uri<i, ob- 

 long or pear-shaped berry with leuTli' ly r iimI. '''iitaining 

 numerous oil glands and juicy, ai'itiiiii- pul|i : st-eds 

 white, exalbuminous, with leathery .uats, tr.i|ucntly 

 containing 2 or more embryos, Nativo of Iropu-al and 

 subtropical Asia, Several species are extensively culti- 

 vated and have given rise to numerous cultivated forms. 

 The so-called navel oranges have a second series of 

 cells developing in the center of the fr,, this being an 

 incidental variation (Cf, Fig, 476), See Citron, Lemon, 

 Lime, Orange, Pomelo. 



A, ¥ssTTDO-Mais:.—Lvs. trifoliolate, deciduous, with 

 elliptical, dentate or crenate Ifts.: fls. white, 1-2 in 

 the axil of each leaf, opening before the Ivs. appear 

 in spring; petals spatulate; ovary and disk 

 hairy. 

 trifoUita, Linn. {C. tripfera. D. f F 'h -.pidria, 

 DC). Trifoliate ORiNOE. Fi_' i i - i 'i A 

 small tree armed with very stroii -' I 1 • .. in. 



long: fr, golden yellow, about th' - ■ cov- 



ered with short hairs ; pulp rathi r ill , in n I l.itter, 

 Jap,, and cult, widely in the United states. R H. 1869, 

 p, 15; 1877, p, 73; 1885:516; 1886, p, S.SS, Gn. 46:980 

 and p. 273. Mn, 3 : 101, - The fr, of the Trifoliate Orange 



i^eai of Orange, 



is worthless as a whole, but is sometimes used for pre- 

 serves. The plant is largely used for hedges, for which 

 it is well adapted, forming' a eldse, compact growth that 

 nothiuir ■ in pt le ti it. li i- iN.i used as a hardy stock 

 on Willi li X'> liii i i.irnii MI in„^i s and lemons, particu- 

 larly tin --It HUM iiellMneiuit It is said to have the 

 effect ol suini wh.a d\\artiii„' the more robust orange va- 



CITRUS 



rieties budded on it, and of making them more hardy by 

 rendering them dormant earlier in the fall, and retard- 

 ing them from starting early in the spring. The Tri- 

 foliate Orange is hardy as far north as Philadelphia and 

 New York, It is propagated by seeds, which are very 

 numerous. Hybrids have been made between this and 

 the common orange. The Trifoliate Orange is frequently- 

 listed in trade catalogues under the names Limonia tri- 

 foliata and Tnpha^ia aiirantiola. These are tender, 



confused with the 



AA. EuciTRXJS. — Lvs. unifoliolate,ei'ergreen : petals 

 oblong: ovary and disk glabrous. 



Aurinttum, Linn. (C. vxtlgdiris, Risso). Orange. 

 Figs, 476, 480, A sn>?il tree or shrub : young shoots light 

 green, glabrous : Ivs. elliptical or ovate, acute, obtuse, 

 or acuminate; petiole narrowly or broadly winged : fls. 

 hermaphrodite, pure white: fr. oblate-spherical or ellip- 

 tical, not mamillate. 



Var. amira, Linn. (C. BigarMia, Duham.). Sour, 

 Bitter, or Seville Orange. Lvs, deep green, ovate, 

 pointed, very aromatic ; petiole broadly wing-mar- 

 gined: fls, white, sweet-scented: fr, round, dark orange, 

 frequently with tinge of red, very aromatic; rind some- 

 what rough; pulp sour and bitter. Southeastern Asia, 

 and cult, in tropical and subtropical regions throughout 

 the world.— There are very few cultivated sorts oi this 

 variety or subspecies grown in the United States, and 

 of these only the two following are well known : Sour 

 ("sour orange") : Fr. deep orange or orange-red ; pulp 

 very sour. This is grown very extensively as a stock on 

 which to bud varieties of the sweet orange, lemon, 

 pomelo, etc. Very valuable as a stock because resistant 

 to the serious disease mal-di-gomma or foot-rot, — Bitter 

 Sweet : Fr, of same external appearance as the Sour 

 Orange but mildly acid and pleasant to the taste. Culti- 

 vated mainly for home use. The Sour Orange was evi- 

 dently introduced into Florida verj- early by the Span- 

 iards, and escaped from cultivatinn. lM-e..ming es;:ab- 

 lished as a wild species here an^l tli. r.- tlir..ughout the 

 peninsular portion of the statf. In this wjM state it was 

 limited to moist lands near str.anis and lakes, in the so- 

 called hammocks ; and in some instances grew abun- 

 dantly among the larger forest trees, over areas of lUO 

 acres or more. The fls. of this var. Amara are slightly 

 bitter, and are the ofiicinal Folia aurantii otFoUij citri 

 vulgaris. An ethereal oil is manufactured from the fls., 

 young sprouts and unripe fr. The pleasant-smelling, 

 bitter Bigaradia oil is taken from the rind of the ripe f r. 

 Large quantities of oil for perfume are manufactured 

 from the fls. in southern France, The fr, is used for 

 marmalade, and makes a very refreshing drink known in 

 Florida as "orangeade," 



Var. Bergimia, Wight. & Am. Berg amot Orange, 

 A bush or small tree ; lvs, oblong ; petiole wing-mar- 



