327 



CLAEY. The dried Ivs. of Salvia Sclarea, which are 

 used for seasoning. Other species of Salvia have been 

 used fo" the same purpose. See Salvia. 



484. Clarkia pulchella. Natural size. 



CLAYTdNIA (after John Clayton, of Virginia, one of 

 the earliest American botanists. From his collections 

 Gronovius edited the Flora Virginica). PorfittacAcece. 

 Spring Beauty. Small, hardy, glabrous, succulent, 

 perennial herbs, '•with slender, 2-leaved stems from a 

 deep, globular comi, and loose racemes of white or rose- 

 colored fls. with deeper veins, appearing among the first 

 wild fls. and lasting only a few days. The genus has 

 about 25 species, mostly N. Amer., and is characterized 

 by its oval, persistent sepals and 5 stamens. Plants can 

 be obtained from dealers in native plants. They can be 

 naturalized in moist places, and do well in half-shady 

 spots at the bottom of a rockery. For C.parvifolia, 

 parviflora and perfoliata, see Montia. 



Virginica, Linn. Plant 4-8 in. long, often forcing an 

 irregular way through the leaf-mold of damp, rich 

 woods : Ivs. linear-lanceolate or linear, 2-6 in. long, in- 

 cluding the gradually tapering base : fls. larger and 

 more numerous than in C. CaroJiniana. Colo, to At- 

 lantic and S. to Gulf . B.M. 941. L.B.C. 7:643. D. 33. 



Carolini&na, Michx. Lower and fewer-fld. : Ivs. 1-2 in. 

 long, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or somewhat spatulate, 

 with a blade 1-2 in. long, abruptly contracted into a 

 marginal petiole. Minn, to Atlantic and S. to Mts. of 

 North Carolina. 



lanceoUta, Pursh. About 4 in. high : Ivs. oblong or 

 lanceolate, 3^-lK in. long, sessile, the base broad or 

 narrow: raceme short-peduncled : petals emarginate or 

 almost obcordate. Utah and Calif. ■^_ jj 



CLEISOSTOMA (Greek, dosed mouth, referring to the 

 structure of the spur). OrcJiiddcece, tribe Vdndea. 

 Epiphj'tes ; stems leafy : Ivs. coriaceous, flat or nearly 

 terete: sepals and petals adnate to the column, spread- 

 ing: labellum with a large saccate spur; column short, 

 thick ; pollinia 2. From eastern Asia and Austral. A 

 genus comprising in this neighborhood 40 species, 

 which suggest Saccolabium. The plants are little 

 known in Amer. The leading species are C. erassifo- 

 lium, Lindl., and C. ringens, ReicUb, f. C. Dawsonia- 



Oake.s Ames. 



CLfiMATIS (Greek name of a climbing plant). JRa- 

 nitnciil(ice<v. Climbing vines, or erect or ascending per- 

 ennial herbs, more or less woody : Ivs. opposite, slen- 

 der petioled, pinnately compound, lobed, or in some 

 species entire: sejialy usually 4 or 5, sometimes more, 

 valvate in the bud, petaloid ; petals none (or small In 

 Atragene section) ; stamens many; pistils many; akenes 

 in a head, 1-seeded ; style persistent, long, plumose, 

 silky or naked. Fig. 492. About 150 species of very 

 wide geographical distribution, most abundant in tem- 

 perate regions. About 20 species found native in 

 North America. — Les Clematites, Alphonse Lavall^e, 

 Paris, 1884 ; referred to below by "Lav."-The Clema- 

 tis as a Garden Flower, Thomas Moore and George 

 Jackman, Loudon, 1872 ; referred to below by "M. & J." 

 — Clematises, Dr. Jules le Bele, in Bull, de la Societe 

 d'Hort. de la Sarthe ; republished in The Garden (vol. 

 53), June-Oct. 1898. — O. Kuntze, Monogr. der Gattung 

 Clematis in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 26 (1885). -A. 

 Gray, Fl.N. Am. 1: 4-9, 1895. 



A rich soil of a light, loamy character is the best for 

 Clematises, and a little mixture of lime will make it 

 better. The soil must be well drained, and must be kept 

 rich by at least annual applications of horse- or cow-ma- 

 nure. On dry, hot soils cow-manure is best, while on 

 heavy soils a thorough dressing of rich leaf-mold 

 would best serve the purpose. Mulching with half-rot- 

 ted manure on the approach of winter tends to increase 

 the strength of the plants and the size of the flowers. 

 In dry seasons, spraying is always helpful during the 

 growing season. 



Clematises belonging to the Montana, Caerulea, Florida, 

 and Lanuginosa types should be pruned in February or 

 March, by cutting away all weak, straggling and over- 

 crowded branches. The first three mentioned flower 

 from the ripened wood ; it is essential, therefore, that 

 in order*to secure blossoms, enough of the strong one- 

 year-old wood should be retained. Viticella, Jack- 

 mani and Lanuginosa should be vigorously cut back, 

 say in November ; they blossom from the new shoots. 

 Those of the Caerulea type should be pruned very little, 

 soon after the flowers have disappeared, by simply trim- 

 ming off useless branches and seed-beariug peduncles. 



Clematises of the vigorous climbing varieties are used 

 in many places to cover walls, root fences, mounds, 

 arbors, balconies, trr-lli-'-, ■ninll Imililings, and, in fact, 



many other places til. ■ - -ir.l.Mier will think of. 



For pot culture iu 1 1 M : I lii.l for conservatory 



walls, the less vigc, I,. : ; i.-st suited. All the 



many varieties and Ir.li:.]- "i i In (_'a>rulea and Lanu- 

 ginosa types, including Heuryi and the forms of Jack- 

 mani, are well adapted to this use, as well as for out- 

 door purposes. The dwarfer and more bushy species 

 are used in greenhouses to some extent, but are found 

 principally in borders or on large rockeries. Of the 

 latter J. B. Keller says : "Their flowers are not so 

 large as we see them in most of the climbers, yet they 

 are indispensable in the flower garden, being prolific 

 bloomers and free growers in ordinarily rich, deep gar- 

 den soil. There is room for improvement in this class, 

 however, and specialists who hitherto have done so 

 much for the climbers, ought to direct their efforts now 

 to the long-neglectcd Imsli Cli-nKitises. A nolde beerin- 



C. integrifoUa, var. /'",„,../. ,"l.iit wr .xj.."', ,,i,,rr of 

 them in the future." S.t v,„.,.i,il in.trs mti .■nltiir,- and 

 hybrid-forming qualitirs afirr tin- .li-srrii.ti..iis ,,t M.me 

 of the species and varieties. 



The most common method of propagation is by graft- 

 ing. Roots of C. Flam mil la or C. Viticella are used ; 

 the cions are taken from plants that have been grown 

 under glass, and are used before the wood is entirely 

 ripe. Cions taken from plants grown in the garden in 

 summer are rarely successful. The grafts, in pots or 

 trays, are grown in a moist coolhouse, over gentle bot- 

 tom heat. Another method of propagation, involving 

 less labor but usually successful, is to take cuttings of 

 nearly ripe wood, grown under glass, and treat them as 

 the cions first above mentioned, without the roots. The 

 latter method is practiced preferably in summer in 



