340 



COCCOLOBA 



■worth) of a place among ornamental plants under glass. 

 As it will withstand but slight frost its cultiration out- 

 doors m the United States is limited to warmer parts of 

 Florida and California but it may be bedded outdoors 

 during the sumnifi in temperate latitudes, forming a 



505, Coccoloba uvifcr; 



fine addition to the list of plants more commonly em- 

 ployed. All species are easily propagated by seeds, 

 which germinate freely when not too old. Some species 

 may be quickly increased by cuttings of ripe wood, 

 which root readily in sand under usual conditions, in a 

 frame or propagating house. Layering may also be em- 

 ployed to increase a stuck. The various species grow 

 naturaUy in both ,Iay. v iunl saiiJy >..ils, r.v. Uing in 

 moist, rich earth an.l a lii^jli iriii|.riaiini'. ''. m-ifera 

 frequents the ki-m^Imiv.-. ;iinl i- r.nMi.l -]-.n\iir_' in sand 

 and broken sht-lN, ai'i-amiils la^-kiii;; ait":,'.tluT in 

 plant-food. Rich, sandy suil of a light charuclLr seems 

 to be the best for all species so far known. Plants are 

 readily transplanted from open ground, but pot-grown 

 plants are to be preferred. f;uit_ tj- g. n. Reasonee. 

 uvifera, Linn. Sea-grape. Shore-grape. Fig. 50.'). 

 Tree, reaching 20 ft. or more, with many flexuous 

 branches : 1%-s. large, often 5 in. long by 7 in. wide, 

 broadly heart-shaped, wavy margined, glossy, leathery, 

 midrib red at the base ; petioles short, with sheathing 



COCHLEARIA 



stipules at the base : racemes G in. long, erect, in fl. 

 nodding in fr. : fls. IK in. across, white, fragrant ; pet- 

 als 5; stamens 8; styles 3: berries 9 or more in a ra- 

 ceme, small, about Kin. long, pear-shaped, reddish pur- 

 ple, dotted green, sweetish acid: nut roundish, with a 

 short, sharp point on top, and vertical wrinkles. 

 Sandy seashores of Trop. Amer., especially S. 

 I West Indies. B.M. 3130. — The wood 

 m cabinet work, and, when boiled, 

 red color.. 



Floridima, Meissn. Pigeon Pum. 

 Tree, 2&-30 ft.: Ivs. lK-3 in. long, 

 1-2 in. wide, ovate or elliptical, nar- 

 rowed at both ends, obtuse, margin 

 slightly recurved : berries small, Kin. 

 long, pear-shaped, edible, but not 

 marketable. S. Fla.-This has lately 

 been considered a synonym of C. 

 Ifturi folia, but the two species are 

 well distinguished in DC. Prod. 

 14:165. w.M. 



CdCCULUS (diminutive of kokkos, 

 berry; the fr. being berry -like). 

 (C'ebatha.) Menisperm&cea:. Twin- 

 ing or erect shrubs: Ivs. alternate, 

 petioled, entire or lobed, with entire 

 margin, deciduous or persistent, 

 palminerved: fls. inconspicuous, dio?- 

 cious, in axillary panicles or racemes, 

 sometimes terminal ; sepals, petals 

 ind stamens 6: carpels 3-G, distinct, developing into 

 berry like, 1 seeded drupes ; seed reniform. About 

 25 species in America, Asia, Africa and Australia, 

 chiefly m trop and subtrop. regions. Only a few spe- 

 c iLs are cvdtivated, thriving in almost any somewhat 

 moist soil , the evergreen kinds are sometimes grown 

 in pots, m a sandy compost of peat and loam. Prop, 

 bj seeds or by cuttings of half -ripened wood in summer, 

 under glass, with bottom heat. 



"Cocculus Indicus'Ms the trade name of the berries 

 used by the Chinese in catching fish. The berries con- 

 tain an acrid poison, which intoxicates or stuns the flsh 

 until they can be caught. The berries are imported 

 from the East Indies to adulterate porter, and "Cocculus 

 Indicus" is a trade name with druggists, not a botanical 

 one, just as "Cassia lignea"is a trade name of a kind of 

 Cinnamon bark, derived, not from a Cassia, but from a 

 species of Cinnamomum. The name "Cocculus Indicus " 

 given by Bauhin, but binomial nomenclature began 

 later, with Linnffius, in 1753. The plant which produces 

 the berries is Anamirta Cocculus. 



CaroUnuB, DC. A rapid-growing, twining shrub, at- 

 taining 12 ft., with pubescent branches: Ivs. long-peti- 

 oled, usually ovate, sometimes cordate, obtuse, entire or 

 pubescent, glabrous above at length, 

 lK-3 in. long : fr. red, Viin. in diam. Along streams, 

 from Va. and 111. to Fla. and Tex. -Decorative in fall, 

 with its bright red fr. Not hardy N. of New York. 



C. Japfinicus, DC.=Stephama hemandifolia.— C laurifdUus, 

 DC. Erect shrub, to 15 ft., glabrous: Ivs. evergreen, oblong, 

 at both ends. Himal. Decorative, with its bright green, 

 - C. ThUn- 



dier. Japan. 



abtropical i 

 • fr. I 



Alfred Rehder. 



COCHLEARIA (Latin, cochlear, a spoon; referring to 

 the Ivs. 1. rriniferce. This genus, which includes the 

 Ilorsi- Kailish and Scurvy Grass, is composed of glabrous 

 herbs, mnstly i>i-rennial, of various habit, with Ivs. alter- 

 nate or in rosettes : fls. mostly white, racemose, bractless : 

 pods various, but never winged. The word cochlear is 

 a technical term used in describing alstivation, and refers 

 to one piece which is larger than the others, hollow like 

 a bowl or helmet, and including the rest, as in Aconitum. 



AimOT&cia, Linn. (Nasturtium Armor&cia, Pries). 

 Horse Radish. Hardy perennial, 2 ft. high: roots large 

 and fleshy, furnishing the familiar condiment: root-lvs. 

 very large, more or less cordate or oblong ; stem-lvs. 

 lanceolate, uppermost linear, entire : fls. white. May. 

 Naturalized from Eu. and escaped. -It flowers fre- 

 quently, and very rarely perfects any seeds. For cul- 

 ture, see Horse Madish. 



