376 CORN 



plete coraraereial fertilizer in each hill, and mix it well 

 with the soil before planting the Corn. A fertilizer which 

 has a large amount of nitrogen in quickly available form 

 should be chosen for this purpose. Dwarf early maturing 

 varieties may be planted, for early use, as soon as the 

 ground is sufficiently dry and warm. A little later, when 

 the ground is warmer, the second early main crop and 

 late varieties may be planted. Later successional plant- 

 ings insure a supply of green Corn till frost kills the 

 plants. 



Corn is not grown commercially as a forcing crop. 

 Attempts to force it in winter have not given encourag- 

 ing results, but it may be successfully forced In spring, 

 following any of the crops of vegetables which are grown 

 under glass, providing the houses are piped so as to 

 maintain the night temperature at 65° F. Provide good 

 drainage. Give a liberal application of stable manure, 

 and thoroughly mix it with the soil. In the latitude of 

 New York the planting may be made as early as the 1st 

 of March. As soon as the first leaf has unfolded the 

 temperature may be allowed to run high in the sun, if 

 the air is kept moist by wetting the floors .ind walls. The 

 glass need not be shaded. Keep night t.-iti]...nitnri- ,■1.,^,. 

 to 6.')° F., not lower and not much hi L- 1 1. I \ri,iii., -ii 

 appears, jar the stalks every two or lilt ■ : 



atmosphere is dry, and thus insure aim ' ; 

 Early maturing varieties, like Cory, ui . ■ ■ liil' i -in n 

 about 60 days when thus treated. Corn may he forced 

 in the same house with tomatoes, egg-plantj and other 

 vegetables which require similar range of temperature. 



VABrETiES. — Some of the desirable varieties for the 

 garden, the market and for canning are listed 4)elow. 

 These varieties are named for the purpose of showing 

 the range of variation and of indicating the leading 

 groups ortypes, not to recommend these particular kinds. 

 New varieties are continually supplanting the old. 



For the home ffrerdcM. — Extra-earlv: F.arlv Marblrhcad 

 (Pig. 552) , Burbank Early. Second Early : ( 'n .vhy F.arlv. 

 Main Crop: Large Eight-Rowed, Hiikox Iiii|iri.viil. 

 Stowell Evergreen. Late : Black Mexican, Country 

 Gentleman. 



For marJc*.— Extra-early : Early Cory, Perry Hybrid ; 

 Extra-early Adams, though not a sweet Corn, is largely 

 grown for early use. Second Early : Shaker Early, 

 Crosby Early; Early Adams is grown extensively for 

 market, though not a sweet Com. Main Crop and Late : 

 Mammoth, Stowell Evergreen, Egyptian, Country 



F .' 



fad and de- 



I'.-i . i I'ESTS. — The most ' 



stlu.lm ill,,. a.M, of Corn in tlir- I'T.it.-l StritH- W the 



smut produced by the para~iih' -imh- t r lm . / ,-,'..,,,. 

 Zece. The sorghum - head -imii, I /, '--/, 



also attacks Maize. Smut r, ;-, - i ; ;i inn 



attacks the ears. The grain- .u. 1 1 :i:,~i..t n.i •( int-- a 

 mass of dark-color.. 1 Mimt -p i. ■-. an.l l.iconii- ex- 

 ceedingly swollen ami .li-t..it. .1 .lilt of all semblance 

 to their normal outlin. ~. Int. iii..ii may take place at 

 any growing point of tin- |i|..nt I run .arly till late in the 

 season, hence treatment of ^i . I i in 1., rnn-ic'ides is of 

 no value as a remedy for ( . i r .i.-struction 



of smutted parts of the plan' _ .^l.ecial care 



that the smut does not becm. in.,.; . n n manure which 

 is used for the Corn crop, ait- i.i,a,,ui,-~ wliichraay be 

 expected to lessen the prevalence of the disease. No 

 remedy is known. 



The only other disease of Sweet Corn which is known 

 to be of ef'i.nonii.- imp.irtance in the United States is the 



ba.n, mil lili-lii , :,ii- ,1 \.: r '■' mas Steimrti. It has 



b. ' ' : ^ I i-.y and Michigan, but 



till ; , , - :, , I , ,. ,; -• I ;i,-tive ouly on Long 



l-^l:inil -1, .iirh, .l\>;iri \ :,M.in- -f Sweet Corn. Itischar- 

 act.-riz.'.l by wilting and complete drying of the whole 

 plant, as if affected by drought, except that the leaves do 

 not roll up. The fibro-vascular bundles become distinctly 

 yellow, and are very noticeable when the stalk is cut 

 open. The di«i\T<p "ntficks the pltint at any period of 

 growth, but i^ ni-.-t .1, -tractive about the time the silk 



CORNUS 



the stored product. The Corn worm is also known south 

 as the cotton-boll worm. It is destructive to Sweet Com 

 especially, for it burrows into the ear and feeds on the 

 tender green Com, rendering the ear unacceptable either 

 at canneries or in market. It is known to do serious dam- 

 age as far north as w.-.-t. rn Xiw Y..rk. Tli.- l.ist known 

 method of titilitinL' tliU iii~..f N tin- br.-akini; of the 

 pupjB cells in tli.' .-aiili ti\- 'liallnw I'all jil. i\\ ill;,^ which, 

 at best, is but a partial nni.-.ly. Win -».inn... n.irthern 

 corn-ror.t w. It-Ill-, white grub.s, and ci-rtaiu other grass 

 inseits att.nK i -in phmts. One of the best preventive 

 measiiii - i- t.i plan the rotation so that Corn does not 

 imnii-.li.it. I I'll... aiiv cereal or grass crop. 



Pop<'.i|:n [X,a . f,W«, Sturt.). -Characterized by the 

 excessive proportion of the corneous endosperm, and 

 the small size of the kernels and ear. The kernel split 

 laterally shows the chit and corneous matter enveloping, 

 and in some cases a fine, starchy line. The small size of 

 the kernel and the property of popping makes identifica- 

 tion certain. This species-group extends throughout 

 North and South America, and has claims for prehis 

 toric culture. 



Tlf y.r<'p.af:tti..ti of soil, planting, and tillage recom 

 ,.,..,, I,. I .,.,-,,,. I '..rn apply equally well to Pop Corn, 



1 ~ \ ant, in 1899, describes 25 varieties 



1 I , ; 1 .ii-e popular: 



1 1 ,, ,.. r I . .'.]. II. - r.tir 1 to 3 inches long. An early-ma 

 turing sort, with broad, golden yellow kemds. 



Rice, White Rice. -Ear 4 to 8 inches long. This vigor- 

 ous late variety is widely cultivated. This and other 

 Rice Corns are characterized by deep, ta{)ering, beaked 

 kernels. 



Pearl. — Ear 4 to 8 inches long. Matures somewhat 

 earlier than Rice and later than Dwarf Golden. Kernels 

 rounded and silvery white. §_ j^_ Beach. 



COKN, BKOOM. See Sorrjhum. 



CORN COCKLE. Liirhiiis Githago. 



CORNEL, CORNELIAN OHEBEY. See rri™».s- Mas. 



CORN FLAG. GhuVohix. 



CORNFLOWER. Centaurea Cjanus. 



CORN, INDIAN. The common name for Zeu Mays. 



CORN, KAFFIR. See Sorghum vulgare, var. Durra. 



CORN POPPY of Europe is the weed of the grain 

 fields from which some of the garden poppies have been 

 raised, Papaver Eh(eas. 



CORN SALAD (Valerianella olitoria, P&W.). Valeri- 

 aii.'iri ,1 . Known also as Lamb's Lettuce, Fetticus, and 

 \ ttti. ..>t. It is a native of Europe. Sow the seed in 

 larlv sj.riiig, at the time of the first sowing of lettuce, 

 and make successional plantings as often as desired. For 

 very early salads the seeds are planted in September, 

 and the young plants are covered with a light mulch and 

 wintered" exactly as spinach is often managed. Sow in 

 drills a foot or 18 inches apart and cover lightly. Work 

 the ground thoroughly, and give an abundance of water. 

 The leaves may be blanched, but are usually eaten green. 

 It matures in 60-65 days during good spring weather. 

 Only one variety is offered by mo.st American seed.smen, 

 but several sorts are known to European gardeners. It is 

 sometimes used for a pot-herb, being served like spinach, 

 but is chiefiy valuable for salads. It is rather tasteless, 

 and is not so popultir as cri-ss or lettuce on that 

 account, but i.i-rs..n- - I... pi- t', i a \.fy mild salad, or 

 who would rath, r t:..t. ', ,',! Ir. -iiil'. will doubtless 

 fancy Cora Sala.l. h ! in mixture with 



other herbs, a.s h till. .. i .i.- ,,, ,» liite mustard. It 



is easy to grow. Tlnri; .ul hu .spi.i.il enemies. 



F. A. Wacgh. 



C6BNUS (ancient Latin name of Coj-nus Mas). Comd- 

 cete. Dogwood. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs: Ivs. op- 

 posite, rarely alternate or whorled, deciduous, entire : 

 fls. small, 4-merous, usually white, in terminal cymes 

 (Fig. 5531 or heads: fr. a drupe, with 2-celled stoae. Over 

 30 species in the temperate regions of the northern 

 hemisphere and one in Peru, Hardy ornamental shrubs 



