ties, muck as the highest bred single Dahlias always 

 have 8 rays all exactly alike, while it is a mark of Dah- 

 lias of low degree to have more than 8 rays or an unsym- 

 metrical arrangement of them. A new feature, too, is 

 the advent of a distinct ring of color formed by a dash 

 of crimson at the base of each ray. The wild Cosmos 

 is not troubled by a spot of yellow at the base of each 

 ray, as is the wild Dahlia. In the case of the single 

 Dahlia, the yellow color at the base of tlie ray never be- 

 comes definite and conspicuous enough lo form an addi- 

 tional attractive feature, as it does in Ghrijsavfhemum, 

 carinatiim, but it often spoils the unity of effect and 

 fails to harmonize with the chief color of the flower, 

 especially when the latter is m;iy:ent:i, crimson, rose, 



or any allied shade. Th. i-. t nil cl..uble forms of 



Cosmos as yet, and, as r. j , .i- _ marked types 



of doubling, the Cosmos : i . ' s behind the 



China Asters. In the sji, i i.r.ns. I'li, incurved or 

 cupping, and n-fl. \. I il , i. to be looked for, and 



can be fixed if lip i - nt demand for mainte- 

 nance of the till' . I 



It is amistakr |.. , ' -in too rich soil, as one 



COTOXEASTER 385 



AA. Bays yellow: disk yellow. 



sulphtireus, Cav. Pubescent, 4-7 ft. high, much 



lirMii.-hi"! : Ivs. Mftfj, 1 ft. or more long, 2- or 3-pinnately 



cut, l"ii' - I I". ' ..I'l. . ipiiiriv.ii.it.-. with rachis and midrib 

 cilii:. . I :iMi:.- ali.inah. .iitire or 2-.3-toothed: 



IH'fiuii. \ , i.Mi-. fiakril : oiiici- involucral bracts 



H. Ill 'I', " aai-, -i-.in, 'J liiirs long; inner ones 



acrc'ss. |ial,-. piiic- c.i u"l.l. II yellow: rays 8, broadly obo- 

 vat.', slii.iiL'iv :: tiinili.d at the apex, ribbed beneath: 

 anthers ..t tIic disk 'xs.rteil, black, with orange tips: 

 seeds linear, 1 in. long, including the slender beak. 

 Mex. U.K. 8: 485. -Int. 1896; parent of all yellow forms. 

 AAA. Jiays dark red: disk red. 

 diversifolius. Otto (B) dens alru.s, iDr/K I nea, Ortg. B. 

 diililf'iih s. s.Wais. ihtlihd /.iiii.i luiiii. \iwvA ). Black 



CnsM,,.. r.-iMlrr annual, IJ |.i in. hi-li, with tuhiTsmore 

 slrinl. r. anil iaa|iiii i hl' in. a.' rar.- in \v iiitnr. tliuli those of 



Cosmos bipinnatus has many " 

 and its colors run through white, " washed " or faded 

 pinks, and reds. The plants grow 7-10 ft., and bloom 

 in fall only. A dwarf variety of this species, and start- 

 ing out with Dawn (white shaded to pink at center) has 

 developed colors until it now includes white, pink and 

 crimson. The plants are some 414 ft. high, and bloom in 

 July. The seed is only one-half the length of the typical 

 C bipinnatus This selection was continued until double 

 blooms weie secured, but double blooms perfected no 

 seed 



C tulphureus is futireh di tmtt fi m tl e at ve the 

 foliage being 1 i ad i 1 n 1 1 t -n 1 I t the 



flowei b vary f 1 c 1 1 ill II II I I I les 



to the rich oi u II I I I I I I t 11 



late variety (. Ij I I utti i 



bloom 1}<; m in di 1 1 t 1 1 th 1 11 ^ i 1 1 ., mil 

 grows about 6 ft hi^h The t ill 1 ite variety has fine 

 rich orange flv 2'2-H'4 m in diameter with verj heavy 

 coarse and dtuse f liage glows 7-12 ft high and 

 blooms II ( I tt I () t I I 1 riit Kl nhke a 



hybril I I t 11 



late II I I I is 



2% i I le 



tween 1 to 



bloom II I 1 I 1 y 



May 1> la a pi I ticm 



base ti top III til 



killed Vvfiost i 1 1 ime 



sprea I Tl 1 I I I uly 



requii I 1 I I t ng 



ofse I I eis 



until tl 1 I e till 



late V 1 I 1 I I 1 1 md 4 



ft m I r \ 



The variety Dawn and its comj anions m white pmk 

 and crimson and Klondyke shoul 1 be planted in 3 foot 

 nw ! ft I If ^ itltiof tl 1 \ e ^ ellow V irieties 

 si n I nil I II M Tiiensoffered 



a OS seed is 



t gpiminates 

 n \\ hen cab 



Il 1 -1 u 1 I I Li tetj Cosmos 



'"• " ■>' ' " Cult by A W Smith 



A Bays uhite pink or o imson duk yellou 



bipinailtus Ci\ ri„ 504 Clilrjus annu 1 / 10 ft 

 high Ivs bii I I I 1 r t nfire 



involucral seal t I bite, 



pmk or cum I | t 1 cak 



much shorter tl I "\1 1 I 41 >^^8 



RH 1892 372 -IL 11 I uci i.e i C I ij 



bndus Hort , is picsuiuablj a tiade name for mixed 

 varieties of C bipinnatus, but see G F 1 47o 



C6ST0S (old classical name). Scitaminclcew. Spiral 

 Flag. About 30 perennial thick-rooted herbs, in the 

 tropics of America, Africa, Asia and Australia, cult, for 

 their flowing-limbed showy fls., which are in termi- 

 nal, bracteate spikes. Corolla tubular, equally cleft, not 

 showy: one staminodium, enlarged and bell-shaped, usu- 

 ally with a crispy limb, and forming the showy part of 

 the flower (ealU-d the lip), cleft down the l>ack: ovary 

 3-l"(niIr.l: tilaiiiciits petaloid. More or le-- il. -In planis, 

 pri/.ial in \vaniilinusi.'s, and grown in till a . I - I a. 



This int. na-stiiiL.' genus of tropical Ileal ' my 



rich, ninist soil, hut luxuriates in tliat .a a _ a.ai^ ,,r 

 sandy character, when under partial shade, i ji|. plants 

 are readily propagated by cutting the canes, or sfalks, 

 into short pieces of an inch or two in length, and plant- 

 ing in sifted peat, or fine moss and sand, covering but 

 lightly. The roots may also be divided, lint this is a slow 

 means of propagation. Specimen plants ie,|niie rather 

 high temperature to bring out the ri.h .a,l,,rs ..t the 

 leaves, which in some species are prettily marked witli a 

 purplish tint, and are usually arranged siiirally en the as- 

 cending stem. This gives rise to the name, "Spiral Flag." 

 A. Lea res green and plain. 

 B. Floicer u-Jiite. 



specidsus, Smith. Four-5 ft., stout, erect: Ivs. ovate or 

 lance-ovate, nearly 1 ft. long, silky beneath : bracts red : 

 fl. large, with a flowing while limb and pink center, 

 3-4 in. across, not lasting. E. Ind. I.H.43:5G. Gn. 

 47:1004. 



BB. Flower red. 



igneus, N. E. Brown. One-3 ft.: Ivs. elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, 4-6 in. long: bracts not colored nor conspicuous: 

 fls. clustered, orange-red. Brazil. I. H. 31:511. B.M.6821. 

 J.H. III. 28:11. 



AA. Leaves party-colored. 



muaiious, Hort. Lvs. obliquely lanceolate, 4-5 in. long, 

 dark green, marked and tessellated with silvery gray. 

 W Wrica — C zibrina is very likely the same 



E N Eeasoner and L H B 



C6TINUS A section of BJm^ 



COTONEASTEE I 11111 



petals -) stamens about 20 fr a black or red pomaceous 

 drupe, with 2-5 stones. About 25 species, m the tem- 

 perate regions of Europe and Asia, also in N. Africa, but 

 none in Japan. Ornamental shrubs, many of them with 

 decorative frs., remaining usually through the whole 



