394 



CKASSULA 



but cultivatinn prohahly changes the number of parts 

 not infr-'in-ntlv <'i-T^^nlas are herbs or shrubs, rarely 

 ;iitnii n-iiMI III i wnl fleshy: Ivs. opposite, rarely 

 ^1 ■ t her at "the base, entire or with 



■ III I iN small, white, rose, or rarely 



> ■ I - rarely in heads. For C. coc- 



rhea. 



W. 



I 1.1--11I I- ,11. .-n . iili"Usi-plantsrequiringadry atmos- 

 pliii. .luiiii.-ili. 1. -tiiii; ].criod. While making growth, 

 thfj iii.iN I" u. .ited hkt other greenhouse plants In the 

 way of watering, placing them in the lightest and airiest 

 part of the house. The pots must be drained so that any 

 surplus moisture will easily pass through. The soil 

 should consist of sand, loam, broken brick, and a very 

 small quantity of leaf-soil or thoroughly rotted cow- 

 manure. Propagation is usually from cuttings. Some 

 of the species, such as C. falc'ata, do not give much 

 material for this purpose, and they should, there- 

 fore, be headed over and the tops put in dry sand 

 in the spring, allowing water only when they show 

 signs of shrivelling. The cut -over plants should 

 be encouraged to make side shoots, which may be 

 rooted after they are large enough. 



Cult, by G. W. Oliver. 

 A. Floral parts normally in o's. 

 B. Lvs. petioled. 



cord4ta, Soland. Height 1-3 ft.: stem shrubby: Ivs. 

 flat, wide, stalked, cordate, obtuse, entire, glabrous, 

 spotted above : cymes panicle-like : fls. red<iish, some- 

 times pure white. Winter.— Closely allied to C. spathu- 

 lata. 



spathulata, Thunb. Glabrous herb : stem somewhat 



shrubby, decumbent, branching: Ivs. stalked, roundish, 



crenate, glabrous, shining above: corvmbs panicle-like: 



fls. rosy; fM-fal-a.ut;.. L. B. 



Not ai'lv.'-rt'i-.'.] |..r' -:,1. . I'.i.t 

 likely to l..- .-ultM air.l :,- ("'. 



BB. Lvs. not petioled. 



r. Foliage glaucous. 



falcata, Weiidl. Height 



s it.: Iv^. -rowii tou',.ther 



1>. Miiall, 



dense, terminal corymb : 

 corolla tube !4 of an in. long, 

 as long as the limb or 

 shorter. B.M. 2035. 



Foliage not glaucous. 

 Uctea, Soland. Height 1-2 

 : ^trm shrubby, branch- 

 -' '"i-tuous below: lvs. 

 narrowed and grown 

 -■ :i' r at the base, gla- 

 I-. spotted along the 

 aiijiii: cvmes panicle-like, 

 iiiiv-Hcl. : fls. white, small. 

 intir. B.M. 1771. L.B.C. 

 T.Ck- a free -flowering 



'In i-i- iv a form with 



quadrifida. Baker. Fig. 



574. Perennial: lvs. oblong- 



spatulate, the upper ones 



rounder, decussate : fls. with 



574. Crassula quadrifida. their parts in 4's, panieled, 



1X^3.) white, tinged red. w. M. 



CEATiGUS (ancient Greek name, derived from liratos, 

 strength, on account of the hardiness of the wood ) . Bosd- 

 cew, suborder Pdme<p. Haw. Hawthorn. .Shrubs or 

 small trees, usually spiny: lvs. alternate, deciduous, 

 stipulate, serrate, often lobed or pinnatifid : fls. white, in 



CRAT^GUS 



some varieties red, in corymbs, rarely solitary; petal- 

 and calyx-lobes 5; stamens many, rarely less than 10; 

 styles 1-5: fr. a drupe-like pome, with 1-5 1-seeded bony 

 stones. About 70 species, in the temperate regions of 

 the northern hemisphere, most abundant in N. America. 

 Hardy ornamental shrubs and trees, mostly of dense and 

 low growth, with handsome foliage, turning, in most 

 species, to a brilliant coloring in the fall; many have 

 very decorative frs., and also handsome fls. Some of the 

 best, with showy frs., are C. Crus-ijalli. C. Lavallei, 

 C. cordata, C. pinnatifida ni'ij^r. 1 . ',r <- . lut the frs. 

 of the last drop very early, vli: 1 i)m- others 



the frs. remain a long time on 1 1m i.: ~ iiu-varie- 



ties of (7. wonof77/?m have vi )\ .i .iiii . lU,; also C. 

 mollis, C. Cnts-galli and otl,. i~ ,1, iiaii.i-..iii. ni bloom. 

 For the S. states, V. ,rst^r,,h^ and il,, I. In. fruited C. 



brachi/acantha are aitani_' ilir ~f d- i-orati\e. Well 



adapted for hedges ai-i ( '. ,„,.„,.,,-,,„„, r. 1 ij iimantha, 

 C. Crus-galli, C. conlnl.i an 

 thorns grow in almost any s 



rich, loamy, somewhat moist one, andalso in strong clay. 

 Prop, by seeds, sown in fall or stratified; before stratify- 

 ing, most of the pulp may be removed by laying the frs. 

 in shallow piles and allowing til. in i.i.i..:n'. Then they 

 are mixed with sand or sift. 1 n i ni.-d in the 



ground or kept in boxes in f 

 as C. rnrdnta. C. cnecinea. < 

 first vr.arnn.l :,r.- -^..vn in ^r-r 



iiiate the 

 ^jiecially 

 > rminate 



the t' ^ _, i ; .. ,, u at once, 



the s.--d 1.. d- nniM I.... li,..a; :l.i n.ui.di^-d dunug the first 

 summer to prevent drying. Tlie young plants should not 

 be allowed to remain over one year in the seed-beds, as 

 they form long tap-roots and are then difiicult to trans- 

 plant. Varieties and rarer kinds are easily budded or 

 grafted on .-■.■. .llm,- -t... I, ..( C. Oxyacantha, or other 

 common str.m _ 1 . . i. s. 



Index: ,/. . i suppl.; apiifolia, 14 and 



suppl.; Aro,,,.:. i-; .,, .r ., av, IS; Carriiri, 7; coccinea, 

 3; cordata, l:i; *_riis-Kaiii, :<: I>oiii;la-.i, V2. iri; flava, 2; 

 Lavallei, 7; leucophlaus, i); lii,-i<l.i . .'; nia.ra.'antha, 10; 

 mollis, 4; monogyna, 16; nii;ra. L'l : .nh.i.itissima, 19; 

 orientalis, 19: Oxyacantha, 1.'), IC; iHn-iit.,1,,1. 1; pinnati- 

 fida, 17: populifolia, 13 and .sujipl. ; pruuifolia, C; punc- 

 tata, 8; piirifolia,9; sanguinea, 11; subvillosa,i; tana- 

 cetifolia, 20; tomentosa, 9; uniflora, 1. 

 a. Foliage of the flowering branches not at all or very 

 slightly lobed; no veins going to the sinuses. 

 B. Fls. IS, rarely more. 



1. onifldra, Mcench (C. parvifblia, Ait.)., Dense, low 

 shrub, with numerous slender spines, rarely spineless, 

 3-8 ft.: lvs. on short not glandular petioles, cuneate, 

 obovate or oblong-obovate, irregularly or doubly crenate- 

 serrate, pubescent on both sides, at length glabrous 

 above, X-IM in. long: calyx pubescent, with large ser- 

 rate lobes: fr. pyrifonn or globose, yellow, H in. across, 

 with 2-5 stones. May, June. N. Jersey to Arkansas and 

 Florida. S.S. 4:191. 



2. Hiva, Ait. Shrub or small tree, to 25 ft., usually 

 very spiny: lvs. on short glandular petioles, cuneate, 

 obovate, glandular-dentate, pubescent, at length glabrous 

 and shining above: fr. globular or pyrifonn, greenish, 

 yellow or red, Ys, in. across. Va. to Florida. S.S. 4:189. 

 B.H. 23:1932, 1939. 



BB. Fls. in 6-many-fld. corymbs. 

 V. Lvs. on slender, often glandular petioles, usually 

 broadly ovate and truncate at the base, slightly 

 lobed: calyx lobes dentate. 



3. coccinea, Linn. Scarlet Thorn. Shrub or tree, 

 rarely to 25 ft., with short spines: lvs. broadly ovate, 

 sharply doubly serrate, nearly glabrous beneath, spar- 

 ingly ,iinirp';-iHd-).nl>pscent above, 2-3 in. long: corymbs 

 usiiall, -liL-lii. \ (l.ius: fr. red, globose or oval, K-}^ in. 

 acr..- I . Newfoundland to Florida and 

 Te\a^ , , A| ;„i,a. S.S. 4:180. Em. 493. B.M.3432. 

 — Till I . ar- a niinil..-r of allied forms which have been 

 considered usually as mere varieties, but may be per- 

 haps distinct species. None of them, however, surpasses 

 the true C. coccinea in decorative value, and they are 

 only of botanical interest. 



