CUTTAGE 



'YATHEA 



423 



from 1-2 inches long, the hirire 

 although the small ones will lt 

 in pans or flats, in soil ccii!: 

 and well rotted leaf -molil . '" 

 zontallr. If planted verti..i,,. 

 true root the end which wa> nv: 



628. Root-cuttine of blackberry ( 

 may be kept in 



heing selected, 

 u y are planted 



"ill parts sand 



i^^ from the 

 crown should 

 be uppermost; but if made from the rootstock, that end 

 should be uppermost which grew farthest from the 

 crown. In either case they should be covered, as 

 seeds are covered, 

 and the whole 

 made firm. Boot- 

 cuttings of hardy 

 plants should be 

 kept cool at first 

 and brought into 

 heat only when 

 ready to grow. They 

 pit or cool cellar. Tender plants 

 require tne same or a little higher temperature than 

 that in which they thrive. 



In sweet potato, the tuber is cut lengthwise and laid, 

 ■with the cut side down, on moist sand or moss, the 

 edges being slightly covered. Buds develop on these 

 edges and are removed when of proper size and treated 

 as cuttings of growing wood, or allowed to remain until 

 rooted. In dracsena (see Pig. 5i6, page .S70) — and this 

 applies to stem- as Wfll ns r.M.t-outtings — the buds are 



not taken off until nH.trd : fl liirinal cutting remains 



in the sand and s. .inr i mmi- pi mi1ui-.-s a second or even a 

 third crop. The tiil.. i-.ui~ r...ii-M,k of Arum mneiila- 

 tiim, and plants of likr naiun'. ran be cut into pieces, 

 remembering that the l)uil-procUicing portion of arum is 

 the top, and each part will grow successfully. Exercise 

 care in watering and maintain a good temperature. 



Rooyuttings for planting in the open ground are 

 raadeffora 4 to 6 inches long, and are planted firmly in 

 V-shaped trenches or furrows in spring, being covered 

 2 inches or more deep. Roots as large as one's little 

 finger are chosen, and good results are obtained with 

 plants of vifforo,,., Ln-ovt!,. I,; pl.™ts like Uly-of-the- 

 valley. coimi-hti hi:,, , ,i, , ,,,rl,iis, Scotch and moss 

 roses, et,. . ir is better to encour- 



age the ti:i Isirs and propagate by 



division, In it tli, -, , mi 1„ niii j: i|,|ir,l as above described. 

 Variegatiiin. curiously enougli, is not always repro- 

 duced by means of root-cuttings. 



(5) Leaf-cuttings.— Manj leaves are capable of pro- 

 ducing roots. Some have the further power of develop- 

 ing buds after rooting, and of 

 these last a few furnish an eco- 

 nomical means of bud-propaga- 

 tion, particularly where the stem 

 growth is insufficient. In coty- 

 ledon (echeveria) the whole 

 leaf is used, the smaller ones 

 from the flower - stalk being 

 often the best. Choose those 

 which are fully matured, and, if 

 large and succulent, expose 

 them for a few days on the sur- 

 face of dry sand, but do not let 

 them shrivel. The treatment, 

 othewise, is as given above fi>r 

 cuttings of growing wood. In 

 gloxinia and other Gesneracejp, 

 the whole leaf (Fig. 629), half a 

 leaf, or even a lesser portion, 

 is used. When enough clear 

 petiole is obtainable, no further 

 preparation is needed. When a 

 part only of the leaf is planted, 

 some of the blade must be cut 

 away. As a rule, no bud is de- 

 veloped the first season: a tuber 629. Leaf-cutting of 

 is formed, which will grow in gloxinia 



due time. 



Begonia Rex is increased by leaves in various ways. 

 The whole leaf may be planted as a cutting, keeping 

 the petiole entire or cutting it off where it unites with 

 the blade ; or the whole leaf can be pinned or weighted 

 to the surface of moist sand (Fig. 203, page 142), and, 

 if the principal veins are severed at intervals of an 



■illi 



I plantlet will appear at every cut. The best way 

 lividc till' l.af into somewhat triangular pieces 

 i:r. ■Jul. I'.iL'i I )_' , , . aili part having a strong vein 

 h' .-.lit, I. I'lani 111 -and, in good temperature, 

 cat J,!-.,, ].. I;, a- ii ili.y were Cuttings of growing 

 Hoots ami iiuiK will soon grow, and a good plant 

 suit within a reasonable time. Pot off when roots 



are % in. long. 



The thickened i 

 for propagation, 

 upright, like s. .-, 

 and rotted leaf m 

 are the usual n 



cales of bulbs, like lilies, can be used 

 Remove the scales intact and plant 



the winter, but top growth will come later, 

 in simimer. This is a slow, laborious pro- 

 cess, and is seldom practiced except in 

 propagating new varieties. The granular 

 scales of achimenes and plants ,,f like 

 nature can be used for propa^atiiiL'. sow- 

 ing them in a sandy soil as m , ,u an- 



sown; but this metboil is not a - 1 on, 



in ordinary cases. Tin mmI.^ ,1 Z,)„m,i 

 horrida have been iiiaiio to |,r,,ilu,r ti.w 

 plants, and also the tiiiii,-ai, ,1 ^,al, - ,,t ,iti 

 amaryllis. See Traii-a,ii,'ii- of l|,,rtful 

 tural Societv [London i, c, n "nl. 



True variegation, tin,: ■ i, - ■ from 



lack of chlorophyll tn ilways reproduced 



by leaf-cuttings.' Tl ,11, coloring in the 



foliage of 5f (/oil iV« 7.'. . 1- n, \ . 1 I 1, kttig in plants ob- 

 tained by these means. 



For further details of Cuttage, consult Lindley's The- 

 ory and Practice of Horticulture, 2d ed.; Burbidge, 

 The Propagation and Improvement of Cultivated Plants ; 

 Peter Henderson's Practical Floriculture ; Bailey's 



Nursery Book, 3d ed. 



B. M. Watson. 



CYANOPHtLMM. Consult j/icoiiia. 



CYATHEA (Greek, ac«p, alluding to the indusia). 

 Cyathedceie. A large genus of tree ferns found in both 

 hemispheres, with a globose indusinm which ultimately 

 ruptures at the apex and becomes cup-shaped. All the 

 species in cultivation have decompound Ivs. Many 

 other species from Columbia and the West Indies 

 besides those described below are well worthy of cul- 

 tivation. L. M. Underwood. 



This genus includes some of the most beautiful of all 

 tree ferns. The species offer a great variety in size of 

 trunks. Those of temperate regions are mostly stout 

 and not spiny; the tropical species are more slender and 

 in many cases densely armed with stout spines. All 

 species are evergreen. Their culture is simple but ex- 

 acting. They ref|iiire an abundance of water at the roots 

 and the tiaiWks should be kept constantly moist. By 

 this, in 111 ill 111 a vigorous growth and fine heads 

 ot 1 1 1 The foliage lasts longer if it has 



bei n I 1 -im during summer. Like aU other 



tri. ! I 1 mill little pot-ri.ora. None of the 



Book of Clw 



tsuus.-Jfcni/i/f 



ISrhn 



A. Sachides unarmed; Ivs. wliife hvneuth. 



dealbata, Swz. Rachides with pale rusty wool when 

 voung; Ivs. firm, bi-tripinnate,almost pure white beneath. 

 N. Zealand. C. Smithii, Hort., is regarded by some as 

 a horticultural variety. 



AA. Eaehides unarmed; Ivs. green beneath. 



Biirkei, Hook. Stalks with tubercles near the base 

 bearing large, glossy rusty scales: Ivs. bipinnate, with 

 broad pinnules. S. Africa. 



meridfensis, Karst. Figs. 631, 632. Lvs. tripinnatl- 

 fid, with oblong-lanceolate pinnae and rather narrow 

 lanceolete pinnules; segments scaly on the ribs beneath. 

 U. S. Columbia. 



