DORS'reXIA 



in which the unisexual fls. are borne. The plants are 

 not in the Amer. trade, but they are often grown in 

 botanical establishments to illustrate morphology. The 

 fig is a hollow receptacle; the Dorstenla bears a flattened 

 or cup-like receptacle, and is an Intermediate stage be- 

 tween the tig and other plants. One of the common spe- 

 cies is D. Contrnjerva, Linn. (Pig. 732), which is native 

 to trop. Amer. Both staniinate and pistillate tls. are 

 without perianth ; stamens 1 or 2 : ovary 1-loculed ; 

 stigma 2-lobed. Dorstenias are easily grown in warm, 

 shady glasshouses. L. H. B. 



DOBYANTHES (Greek, spear-flower; the flowering 

 stem 8-25 ft. high, crowned by a spike of fls. 3 ft. high ) . 

 AmurylUddcece. A genus of 4 species of gigantic desert 

 plants from Australia, with 100 or more Ivs. 6 ft. long 

 when full grown. Franceschi, Santa Barbara, Calif., 

 writi-s,"Thev are iniin-essive plants for large oon'serva- 

 toiii^. ,11- r.ii"i.|" n -I iuii'l ill the South, where they will 

 .;i:r i ' ' I " 'V'vv lielong to the same family 



«];: I , :i,id are the only ones in the 



tiiii '", .'1 The roots are fibrous and 



clii.-l. red. Ilic ui uK „ aiul seeds, thontrli in«frtr.,l i„ two 

 series, are so placed above one an..tlM i :i^ i- i-mh .m,. 

 row in each cell. The Ivs. have a cm !■ lUu- 



tip, which is especially long in P. I' ' i ' lii 



says,"!). Gicilfoylei a,ni V. La, -kii,: . ■■.. . ihIn ,|..„ii1..,1 

 from Queensland, are yet to be introduced to this coun- 

 try." A plant of i?. J'ndHO-i remained at Kew 16 years 

 before flowering. Plants of Doryanthes are prop, by 

 suckers, which are produced only after flowering. The 

 process is very slow. The young plants must be repotted 

 for several years until they have attained a large size. 

 They are said to do best in a compost 

 mold in equal parts. 



A. Lis. not ribbed. 



excelsa, Correa. Lvs. sword-shaped, smooth, entire, 

 with a very narrow cartilaginous margin, lower ones re- 

 ourved. others erect: scape clothed with lanceolate lvs., 

 whioh sheath the stem at their base : fls. in a globular 

 head, deep crimson or maroon inside and out. B.M. 1685. 

 R.H. 1865, pp. 466,471 ; 1891, p. 548. 6.0.11.11:339. 

 AA. IJi's. sUglitJy ribbed. 



F&lmeri, W. Hill. Even more gigantic than D. excelsa, 

 lvs. longer and broader, and a longer brown point: fis. 

 in a thyrsoid panicle, bright scarlet outside, whitish 

 within. B.M. 6665. F. 8.20:2097. R.H. 1891:548. G.C. 

 II. 17:409.— "This has been flowering and fruiting sev- 

 eral times in southern California."— fVnitcesc/ti. 



DOWNING 



501 



W. M. 



Pnh/poditicew. 

 iiliouse ferns, 

 i'Misly anas- 

 -. which .see 



DOKYOPTEEIS (Greek. ln,,e 

 A genus of small sagittate lii [i 

 with continuous marginal 

 tomosing veins. Sometim.-^ 

 for culture. Not to be coufu^^ l v n n I in ..|ii.-ris. 



palmita, J. Sm. Lvs. 4-9 in. ench war, with 5 or more 

 triangular lobes or the fertile still more divided; ribs 

 black. West Indies to Brazil. 



n6bilis, J. Sra. Larger: lvs. sometimes 1 ft. long, pe- 

 dately bipinnatifid; ribs chestnut. South Brazil. 



D. deelpiens. with lvs. resembling ^ ger.-minm le.-if . 3-6 in. each 

 way, is sometimes eiiltivate<b :is is I), ih'n^m. witli more divided 

 lvs. Both are natives of the Hawaiiiiu Ishmds. 



L. M. Underwood. 



DOSSlNIA ( E. P. Dossin, Belgian botanist, 1777-1852) . 

 Orcli iddcece. A genus of 2 species of terrestrial orchids, 

 allied to Anoectochilus, but lacking the bearded fringe 

 on the lower part of the labellum. The species described 

 below may possibly be cult, by a few amateurs who 

 are skilled in the cultivation of dwarf warmhouse foli- 

 age plants. 



D. viarmordta, C. Jlorr. (Ancectochilus Lowei, Hort.). Lvs. 

 golden-veined or marbled. 4-5 in. long, elliptic; scape pubescent, 

 10 in. high: spike 5 in. long, with many white, pubescent lis. 

 Java. P. S. 4:370.— There is a stronger-growing var., with 

 foliage better colored. 



DOITGLASIA (after D.avid Douglas, the tireless Scotch 

 botanist, who explored California. Oregon and British 

 Columbia in 1823 and 1829. introduced many splendid 

 plants to cultivation, and perished in the Hawaiian 



Islands, at the age of 34, by falling into a pitfall made for 

 wild animals). Primtil&ceiv. Five species of tiny prim- 

 rose-like plants, one of which has yellow fls. and dwells 

 in the mountains of middle Europe; the rest have rosy 

 purple fls. and are found in the Rocky mountains and 

 the shores of the Arctic ocean. The genus is closely 

 allied to Androsace and Primula, but in those two genera 

 all the lvs. come from the root, while Douglasia has 

 branches, though very short ones, which are densely 

 clothed with lvs. Donelasia has a corolla-tube longer 

 than the calyx, and ihr ( m|imi1i' is 1-2-seeded. Androsace 

 has a corolla luln ,in Inn- as ,,r shorter than the calyx, 

 and its capsiil.- hi:i\ liav. i.w or many seeds. Primula 

 is usually loiiir nil, .1, al\.;.. - many-seeded. The secret 

 in the culture ni alinii.- plants is a steady supply of 

 moisture. "Likn all tin- haialy PrimulaceiE," writes J. B. 

 Keller, "Dou^'la>ia iaa|uiris half shade and a certain 

 amount of nmi-iur.- .Ihimil; tin' hot summer months. 

 Frequent and •■'•\.\.',r~ ■.:■.,■, in;;, mflit he administered. 

 A light mul'li I'l i 1 ■ the ground from 



drying outt^n ; ^ nm of evergreen 



boughsisindi I i ,n i ,:, a r^ prop, by division 



or by seed." Smm- ui ihn AniLiicau species can be ob- 

 tained of forei:;ii dealers. 



Vitaliana, Bcntb. and Hook. (Aretia rttaiidno, Willd. 

 Grtijuriii r/''(/i.)mi. Dnby). Height2in.: stems numer- 



Ivs.'al :... ,la,i ;,i i ' , ,■ i 1 n - ,■ 1 , a !n , 1 v. r 1 1 - ' -rlapping, 



line.aT , 1 . solitary, 



yell.n'. ■■ ! I . '■ -' ■■■,, ,; ,, ,!,, •; . ,:.,m.s longer 



than I alvx.n.a .hlanM ai iln' 1 1- r. iai , 1 1,- l^ .1 .as ovate- 



lancec.l:H.-. ..htu-.-. Alps, Pvrenees. 



1 leaf- DOUGLAS SPRUCE. Pseiidotsuga Dourjtusii. 



DOWNING, ANDREW JACKSON ( Plate III . the first 

 great landscape gardein r of .Vnnrica. «;.s hum at New- 

 burg, N. Y., Oct. 30, bsi."., aii-l pnnslnal hv.lruivningjuly 

 28, 1852, at the early at.-n nf :;7. .\s a l,.,y. In w:,s quiet, 

 sensitive, and much ainn.' wii h liinisrif anil Tmture. The 

 Catskills.the 1 1 n.l-> n, m ; !, . - I aiher's nursery had much 

 todowithliis,! :, ;m . , , I Ins "Treatise on the Theory 

 and Practirn ' i I. i nirileniug,"published 1841, 



when he w:is i ; ■ , ,1. is. in many respects, a 



unique proihn I i lii-i.an,! i- n, ,la\ one of 



thebestAmmn- an i , . ^.a, ,:,. :;',■,■ a ; ;,,^ . xerteda 



greater in flu. an a. ■ n is said, 



than anvotbi-r . ... i; ai ■ . , 1.-11. also 



had gre;it p(i]Hiniri,\ . In i - 1;, apiLaia,! sin,.,,ianeously 

 in London and Ni^w \ ni L thn lirst ndn i.m nf •' Fruits and 

 Fruit Trees of Anmriaa.- an.l in Isp; In- fnumled, at Al- 

 bany, "The Ilnriiaulinrisi." nhiah |i,. ,alit.al from hls 

 home .at Newhuri; until liis nniinnh draih His edi- 

 torials in this excellent perin.ln ad na; ,, . :. .nted in 

 succession by American Gar.l. I n ihlished 



after his death, with a letter tn I - i : I'lcderika 



thetitle'of "Knial Ts-a'. - ]'"■..,.> l.s.-,n that 

 he had an opp.. ..f Eng- 

 land, and to -a. in harden- 

 ing of EurO]ir. . hi nn; I . a n ni ni n-a i . Iir u a ~ i liaagedtO 



lay out the groul.a^, u.-ar iln C.ipn.jl, W lute Ihmse, and 

 Smithsonian Institution at Washington. On July 28, 

 1852. he left Newburgon the steamer Henry Clay for New 

 York. The Clay took Are near Yonkers, while it was 

 racing, and Downing's life was lost in an attempt to 

 save others. It would be difficult to overestimate the 

 influence of Downing. He created American landscape 

 gardening. His only predecessor, Andrg Parmentier, is 

 little known, and his influence was not of a national 

 character. Downing's quickuninu ualan a ;i:i,,i,,i 

 country life in its every aspect. II. ; . . i . . 



natural, and permanent as ..pi - I .. 

 artificial, and ephemeral. H.- \. i a ,i,..,a 



can practitioner of what it l;i.. ii.ai,iiM-a| 



literature as the Entrli I ar n;ai.. . i lau.iscape 



gardening in distini-i i-. : . . : . h.iols, as 



the Italian and Dutch. I' _ iir.ny,and 



his spirit still lives. Ha ;,'a. ... i la-derick 



Law Olmsted, our next great a. a a m . . i .ajie gar- 

 dening, who, by his early w.n 1; • ink. New 

 York.aroused that papular entlii: a-aulrai- 

 nated in the American idea of ^.t. ai niam ipai |iar!i sys- 



