DRACOCEPHALUJI 



broadly heart-shaped, and all Ivs. pubescent beneath in- 

 stead of nearly glabrous: fls. purplish to deep purple. 

 June, July. Himalayas. B.M. 62S1. 



B. Whorls distant, hi long racemes. 



C. I'^lowcrs erect, 



Moldavicum, Linu. Lvs. lanceolate, inciso-crenate, 



the floral ones narrower and saw-toothed at the base. 



DRAINAGE 



505 



]u„ N. As 

 Raprechtu, Kegel. Lvs. 



-lanceolate, 



ad toothed: fls. rosy purple or lilac, about 1 in. 

 long, in axillary clusters. Turkestan. Gt. 1018. 

 cc. Fls. someivliat nodding, 



niitans, Linn. Lvs. ovate, crenate, the floral ones ob- 

 long-lanceolate and more nearly entire: fls. blue. May- 

 July. N.Asia. Mn. 4:137. B.R. 10:811. -Vai-. alpina, 

 Hoi-t., is commoner. 



D. Tiraimdnnm. Linn. See Physostegia.— Z). Canadense of 

 Bridgeman's Catalogue is a misprint (or D. Canariense=Ce- 

 droneUa triphylla. j. B. KELLER and W. M. 



lillle dragon). Ardcece. 

 l.irtured 'in Fig. 734. It 

 has uncanny, iliau-"ii liiiu'ri-.M h s. and a terrifying odor 

 when in Howrr. It^ iuIm rs ar-- ~''[t\ by bulb dealers tin- 

 der the nail 1' -I lain I irttrmnnliis. "The latest monog- 

 rapher of this ..i-,l, 1- ( Kn-ltr. in DC. Jlon. Phan., vol. 

 2, 1879) put- till- jilauf into tiie genus Dracuneulus be- 

 cause the n\ 111.- ail' attarlied to the base of the ovary, 

 while in Arum tin y an- attached to the side. The lvs. 

 of the true Arums are always arrow-shaped, while in Dra- 

 cuneulus they are sometimes cut into finger-like lobes. 

 For culture, see Arum. 



There are only 2 species. The common one is an en- 

 tertaining, not to say exciting, plant. When it flowered 

 in the forcing-houses at Cunirll Iniv. r-ity, iimoi-eut 

 visitors thought there must 1.. a .1. a. I in malri tlir tlunr. 



It is well worth growing fur tin- .xii. i i tliin-li its 



stench is not quite as bad as tliai ot a I lili."-iafros, 

 sold as Arum erinifum. which maki-s any house un- 

 bearable in which it flowers. Nearly all Arums are ill- 

 smelling. 



vulgaris, Schott. Fig. 734. Sheath of Ivs. livid, spot- 

 ted': stalks green: blades with 10 finiror- prnjr-i'tiii:^ 

 from a bow-shaped base: tube of spathr strcakiil witli 

 purple except at the bottom: spatlie ;iiiipli- all i>\iv ami 

 much darker along the wavy bonlir. .^lidinrraiaaji 

 regions. -^y. jj. 



DRAGON PLANTS. The Dragon Arum, Dragon Root 

 or Green Dragon, is the native Arisiemii Dracontium. 

 The Dragon Plant of Europe is Dntcuneutus vulgaris. 

 The Dragon's Head is not an Aroid, but a Dracocepha- 

 lum, a genus of mints. False Dragon's Head is Physo- 

 stegia. The Dragon's Blood of commerce is a dark red, 



astringent, resinous secretion of the fruits of a palm, 

 Diimonorops Draco. Other kinds of Dragon's Blood 

 are jirodiiced by Dracwna Draco and Ecastaphyllum 

 Moniltiriii, "Sticks," "reeds," "tears" and "lumps" of 

 Dragon's Blood are known to commerce. The resin is 

 used in coloring varnishes, dyeing horn in Imitation of 

 tortoise shell, and n the composition of tooth-powders 

 and various tinctures. 



—/--DRAINAGE. Underground or sub-drains ser 

 ly I lieve the land of free water, which is harmful 



plants if left to stagnate in the surface soil or subsoil. 

 They serve not only to dry the land in early spring, but in- 

 directly to warm it, for if the water is removed the sun's 

 heat warms the soil instead of cooling it by evaporating 



r" 



the surplus water. Tenacious lands devoted to garden- 

 ing and small fruits are made more productive, warmer 

 and earlier by sub-drainage. Drains promote nitrifica- 

 tion, assist in liberating mineral plant-food and cheapen 

 tillage. They serve not only to remove deleterious stag- 

 nant water, but they promote aeration as well, and this 

 hastens beneficial chemical changes in the soil. Drainage 

 promotes the vigor, healthfulness 

 plants. Tenacious soils aremadru 

 thereby giving easier access t" | 

 percolation through the soil of i-i 

 some plant-food, is hastened. K' a 

 is warmer than the soil; in nii.l- . 

 the soil: therefore, percolation mi 

 soil in the spring and cools it in 

 Drains serve not only to relic■^ • i 

 they impart to it power to hold ailoi 

 ture, which materially benefits |ila 

 Drainage is of two kinds, surta 

 On land on which large outlav- " 

 pendo.l. as i" liortionltural I'laii 



.litfulness of 

 .Ir l)v drains, 

 t-, while the 



the 



ivrather. 

 itor, but 

 • le mois- 

 roughts. 

 rainage. 

 to be ex- 



greater depth of (Irainod feo.lii 

 ture the planting may often pre 

 10 vears, while with many farn 

 lows the planting in a few mon 

 loses one crop, an annual, by ]> 

 loss is not great, but if the orclu 

 of labor by planting on undi- 

 mistake is discov 



Son 



be 1 



far asnial. v n- il" r.^- - -i' ; ;- - are to be 

 placed. Btit it is only rarely that surface 

 drainage fully prevents serious damage 

 from surplus moisture. Surface drainage 



may t 

 porari 

 tions. 

 Fig. 7 





cheap way of tem- 



the 



Sub-drainage consists in placing con- 

 duits of tile or other material in the 

 irrounil at dopths varying from 2H-4 feet, 



■ I : I a ,::-.:il ■ - ajsirt aSWlll SCrve tO 



:. -I. -terious Stagnant 

 -i.nies are at hand 

 ' , ,, ^,,ni iiiM - ii-i-il instead of tile 

 for forming drainage conduits. If such 

 use is made of them, the drains should be 

 somewhat deeper than tile drains, since 

 the stones which form the drain occupy 



