1876.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



15 



Household Recipes. 



DRiPPiN<i Caki:. — Mix well tiiiri'tluT two inniiiile 

 of flour, a (lint of wurin milk ami a taMcspooiiful of 

 yoasi ; lut it I'iso about half an hour, then add half a 

 pound of brown sutrar, ii (luartcr of a pound of cur- 

 rants and a (juartcr of a pound of yo(td fresh bi'ff 

 drippinir ; beat the wludo well for nearly a quarter of 

 an hour and bake in a moderately hot oven. 



Ai'IM.K Comu.EU. — Tare, eore and sliee twelve 

 lari^e tart apples; a<M to them the Jniee of two leninns, 

 prated peel (d' one, aial sweeten to taste ; stew very 

 slowly for two hours, and then turn into a UKuild. 

 When eold, servo with cream. 



Dklkiot'S Koi.ls. — Half a teacup of butter, mix 

 well with one poutul of Hour, half teacup of yi-asl, a 

 little salt and cnoui^h milk to make a irood dou^li. 

 Let it set in a warm ]>laec for abo\it two hours to rise. 

 Then make into rolls and bake in an oven. 



Ai'ri.F. Johnny Cakk. — Scald one (piart of fine or 

 medium corn meal with one (|inirt of boilins; water, 

 and add one jiint of sweet apples, pared, cored and 

 choiiped. Mix evenly, spread one inch thick on a tin, 

 and hake forty minuii s in a quick oven, or until the 

 ajiiiles arc tender. Serve warm. 



(iHAiiAM Soda Bis( iit.— One quart of Graham 

 flour, one teas])oonful of soda dissolved in two-thirds 

 of a teaeupful ol molasses; mix with milk and water. 



Ji'Mni.KS. — One and one-fourth pounds of flour, 

 three-fourths of sugar, three esffis, a little nutmcfr, 

 three-lourtlis of a pound of butter. KuU theui iu 

 sujrar. 



Haiu) fiiNOEKHHEAii. — Four pounds of flour, three 

 of sup;ar, one and a lialf of butter, one-fourth of a 

 pound of ginser, ten e^'gs, one teaspoonlul of salera- 

 tus ; seeds if you like. 



KioE Jei.i.y. — Stir one pound of rice flour with a 

 half pound of loaf sugar into a quart of boilina: water; 

 let it cook slowly for twenty miinitcs and put into a 

 fonu to cool. To be eaten with lieatcu cream, milk 

 or wine sauce. 



Huiohton BisctiT. — One cup of butter, two of 

 sugar, two egfrs,half aeujiof milk,oneteaspoonful of 

 eoila, and sutlicicnt flour to roll out thick. Sift 

 granulated sugar over the top before baking, to give 

 them a sparkle. 



C'lTUox Cake. — Eight eggs, their weight in flour, 

 the same of sugar, the weight of five in butter, a 

 little mace ; chop some citron fine and put in a layer 

 of cake and a layer of citron alternately. 



Kte and Indian Droi- Cakes. — One pint o^ 

 Indian meal, one-half pint of rye meal, two eggs, two 

 spoonfuls of molasses, a little salt; work it with 

 cold milk so as to drop from a spuou into hot fat ; be 

 6ure to have a smooth batter. 



PooK Man's Cake. — One cup of sugar, one cup of 

 milk, one tablespoonful of butter, one tcasiioonful 

 of dry cream of tarter, one-half teaspoonlul i>f soda 

 dissolved in milk, one egg, a little cinnamon, and 

 flour to make it as still' as pound cake. 



REf'EiPT KOKMAliiNO INK. — The Ncicniflic Atnci'i- 

 can gives the following receipt for the nuinufacture 

 of writing ink : Twelve ounces nutgalls, eight ounces 

 each sulphate of indigo and eojiperas, a lew cloves, 

 four or live ounces gum arable, for a gallon of ink. 

 The addition of the sulphate of indigo renders the ink 

 more iiermanent and less liable to mould. It is blue 

 when first written with, but soon becomes an intense 

 black. 



To PuniFT Damp Closets. — For damp closets 

 and cupboards whitdt generate mildew, a trayful of 

 quicklime will be found to absorb the mtiisture and 

 render the air pure; but ofeourseitis necessary to 

 renew the lime from time to time as it becomes 

 fully slaked. This last remedy will be found useful 

 in safes and strong rooms, the damp air of which 

 acts frequently most injuriously on the valuabledecds 

 and documents which they contain. 



GENERAL MISCELLANY. 



in two cuttings from fairly good land; a gentleman 

 near him cut from thirteen acres enough to sidl for 

 ?"i« at the price of #lW(iLMI per Ion, unbaleil, in 

 Maeon. Later inttx* season this same is worth $1..'>0. 

 Dr. Moody of lin-ene counly, (ia., rcpttrted lo the 

 i^tate .\gricullural Snclcly that he cut Lt.^'-Hii pounilft 

 from one acre. Dr. I'avanel, near Cluirlcston, by the 

 use of superphosphates, produccil eight Ions of very 

 superior Mermuda grass hay from an acre. Mr. 

 Lumsilen says it (-an be <-ut three or four times in a 

 season. This grass is propagated irithe .'<outh bythe 

 roots, in the Hermuda Islands it has a seed. ItH 

 botanical name is Cynodon dactylon, and it is paid to 

 be the sacred grass of India. The Kev. C. W. 

 Howard, now at Rising Farm, Dade county, (Ja., in 

 his excellent little Jiamiibli't on '• 'I'he lirasses ni' the 

 South," gives it a prominent place, and cites many 

 instanecfi of its value, and <'oncludcs thtit the old 

 fields of the South may be ri'stond lo their original 

 fertility with Brmuda grass ami sheep. — J{. A'. C. 

 Kini/Htvti, Tcnii., in X. }'. Trilmtu\ 



Educating Horses. 



Horses can be educated to the extent of their un- 

 derstanding as well as children, and can be as easily 

 damaged or ruined by bad management. \Vc believe 

 that the great dilierence fouial in horses a.s to 

 vi<*ious habits or reliability comes more from the 

 different management of men than from variance of 

 natural disposititm inthe animals. Horses with high 

 mettle are more easily educated than those of less or 

 dull spirilN, and are muri' susceptible to ill training, 

 and c(insc(piently may be as good or liad, according 

 to the eilueation they receive. 



Horses with dull .spirits are not by any means proof 

 against bail nutnagement, for in them may often be 

 found the most provoking" obstinacy ; vicious habits 

 of different iharacters that render them almost en- 

 tirely worthless. Could the coming generation of 

 horses in this country be kept from their (lay.s of 

 eolt-hood to the age of five years in the hands of 

 good, careful managers, there would be si'cn a vast 

 dilierence in the general characters of the noble 

 animals. 



If a colt is never allowed to (ret an advantage, it 

 will never know that it possesses a power that man 

 eamiot eonlrol; and if made familiar with strange 

 objects, it will not be skittish and nervous. If a horse 

 is made accustomed from his early days to have ob- 

 jects hit him on the heels, back and hips, he will paj' 

 no attention to the giving out of harni'ss or of a 

 wagon running against him at an unexpected momi-nt. 



We once saw an aged lady drive a high-spirited 

 horse attached to a carriage, down a stceji hill, with 

 no hold-back straps upon the harness, and she assur- 

 ed us that there w-as no danger, for herson accustom- 

 ed his horses to all kinds of usages and sights that 

 eommonly drive the animal into a frenzy of fear and 

 excitement. 



A gun can be fired from the baek of a horse, an 

 utnbrella held over his head, a bulfalo robe thrown 

 over his neck, a railroad engine jiass close by, his 

 heels bumped with slicks, and the animal take it all 

 as a natural condilitin of things, if only taught by 

 careful manageinetit that he will not be injured there- 

 by. There is a great need of improvement in the man- 

 agement of this noble animal; less beating and more 

 of education. — In-Uoor uitd Out. 



Bermuda Grass Growing in Favor. 



One of yourcorrespondentsof late cites an instance 

 of hay being made from Bernuida (irass, and you 

 ask for further information. It was once almost 

 universally looked upon liy planters of the South as a 

 great curse; now it is beginning to be valued at its 

 true and great worth. The peeidiarities of this grass 

 are that it will grow in poor soil, and will stand the I 

 most lengthened drouths. The lawn around Ihc old 

 Capitol at Milledgeville, (ia., was frequently admired 

 and remarked upon for its perpetual verdure. It was 

 a mixture of lilue grass and Bermuda; in summer 

 the blue grass dried before the constant heat and the 

 Bermuda flourished, while in the mild winter both 

 flourislied, hut specially the blue gra.ss. At the 

 Tbomasviile meeting of the (leorgia State Agricul- 

 tural Society, Mr. B. L. Lumsden, of Macon, Bibb 

 county, told his experience in making hay with vari- 

 ous grasses. He believes Bermuda to be the best 

 grass for that section (Middle and South (leorgia) 

 for pasturage and hay, and that it is one of the best 

 for renovating the soil. He got 10,UUO pounds an acre 



Salt for Domestic Animals. 



Salt is not only a mild aiierient or deobstruent, but 

 it operates, to some extent, as a tonic. It is a very 

 great rectifier of the acidity of the stomach when 

 taken in proper ((uantities; and it not finly renders 

 very palatable food which would bedisagrcealile and 

 insipid without it, but it kecjis the functions of the 

 stomach in a healthy state, and often alleviates the 

 effects of debility and disease. The true way is to 

 have a tub of .salt, placed where cattle, horses, and 

 sheep can have access to it at all times, whelherthey 

 are in the pasture or in the barnyard. Then when 

 the appetite calls for a lick of salt, they can go and 

 get it, at the very time it is most needi'd, and when it 

 will exert the most beneticial ell'cel on digestion or 

 any part of the system. 



A good plan is to keep salt in a small tubor strong, 

 water-tight pail in I he pasture during the |)astiiring 

 season, and in the yard during winter. Animals will 

 not consume as much when they are supplied with it 

 in this way as they will when they are salted once or 

 twice during a week. It is slovenly and wasteful lo 

 throw salt on the grounil for animals, and especially 

 for sheep, as they will often waste half as much as 

 they consume. 



For salting sheep, drive three or four high stakes 

 around a pail, or small tub, leaving one side only, so 

 that they can thrust their heads separately into it. 

 For cattle and horses, encircle Ihc tub with a lot of 

 boulders as high as the top of it, or drive a half dozen 

 strong slakes around it letting them extend aliove it 

 a few inches, to protect it from Ixing i)awed lo frag- 

 ments. If the tub is water-tiglit, in case it should 

 rain in it there will be nothing lost, as I hey will lick 

 the salt water as tliey will the .salt; and should the 

 water evajiorale, the salt will remain. When sheep 

 or neat cattle are kept in pasture where there is 



niuih chiver (Irii'iilifiin prnleiiKi), Ihey usually have 

 a great hankering after suit; and if they can liuvo 

 aecchs to It, Ihey will go and lick, more nr less, sev- 

 eral limes during the day; and Ihey will reilify 1I16 

 aciiliiy iif the sliiniach, anil keep Ihem from bloating. 

 .Man\' a farmer has Insl a line animal. In eoiise()Ucnc6 

 of I loafing, » hich one |Miuiid of salt would have kept 

 In good licullli, — sScUiiH/le Ainericait. 



Winter Yard for Sheep. 



One of the imiKirlanf things In the winter care of 

 sheep is, that the yiinl where Ihey are allowed lo run 

 should be absoluiely well littered and dry. They 

 never should he compelled to move al«MiI or Hianil la 

 yards that are covered with muddy litter, much less 

 the actual mud Itself. II Is BomeHmesdllllcuIl In the 

 West, with our changeable winters, with allcrnato 

 freezing and I hawing, lo keep llii' yuni In pmiK-rcou- 

 diflon witlioul using a large amount of litter. 



II should, however, be done at any cost ofmalerlul, 

 and when once there Is a sullleleiil layer of straw In 

 the litter, llie subsequent quantity wijl liefiiuiiil folio 

 hut little. Since on moni western farmstherelHalways 

 much straw that must go to waste, and since also ijio 

 litter and drippings make most vatuuhle manure. It 

 will he found to be evoiiomy In the end, from Ibis 

 point of view. 



Besides this, the clean ouldfHir bed to stand on In 

 wet weather, and the (dean and warm one in cold 

 weather, will so promote tlu-ir well being, and con- 

 sequenlly health, as to prevent the occnrrenee of those 

 diseases incident lo sheep that must be subject more 

 or less to wet, and, at certain seasons of the year, 

 spongy pasture. 



Muddy yarils prevent sheep, and. Indeed, all ani- 

 mals, from moving about and faking I he exercise ab- 

 solutely necessary to comfort and health. The abso- 

 lute dryness of the yards is especially suseeplihie lo 

 foot rot, fouls and other <liseases incident lo mud and 

 uncleanly care. 



If a little straw be seatlert^d over the yani at pro- 

 per intervals after the first grxMl coating is given In 

 the autumn, the sheep will pick a little of flic better 

 l«irtions, and be all the belter for what Ihey tread 

 under foot. — W'rstcrn llurnl. 



Stock-Keeping on Small Farms. 



It is stated in the report of the French Minister of 

 Commerce, that in the department of Ihe NonI, the 

 smallest farms supjiort the greatest number of ani- 

 mals. While the small farms of Lille and Ilaze- 

 brouck, besides a greater mimlier of horses, maintain 

 equal to fifty-two and forty-six head of horned catlle, 

 the larger farms of Avesnes sustain only forly-four lo_ 

 flftyhcad. But the small farms cannot sup|Hirt as' 

 many sheep in proportion as Ihc larger, because sheep 

 require frcipient change of pasturage. 



Some later statistics prove the point more clearly 

 that small farms are capable and do sustain a larger 

 proportion of manure-making animals. In Ihe de- 

 partment of I'uy de Dome, Dr. .lusseraud says the 

 commune is divided into 4,li00 |iarcels, owned by 

 't'M proprietors. In IT'.ltl seventeen occupied two- 

 thirds of the whole, and twenty others the remainder. 

 Since then, Ihe land has been much divided, and Ihc 

 sub-division is now extreme. What has been the 

 effect on the quantity of cattle? A consiilcrahle in- 

 crease. In 1700 there were about SOO horncil cattle, 

 and from 1,S|H) to '2,000 sheep; there are now (17fi of 

 the former, and only .5:i:i of the latter. Thus 1,300 

 sheep have been replai-ed by ;J7(» oxen and cows; and 

 the (|uantity of manure has increased in Ihe ratio of 

 ■1011 lo 7'J'.I, or more than 4.S (H'r cent., not lo mention 

 that the animals, being now stronger and better f*'d, 

 yield a nun h better conlriliution than formerly lot he 

 fertilizatiiiii of the ground. .Such is Ihe Icslimonyof 

 fads on this (Kiinf; and it will be, and, we think, that 

 if all the facts hearing u|ion the subjeit of large and 

 small farming are once collated and estimated fairly, 

 the advantages will turn In favor of the small farms. 



Yard for Pigs. 



I believe that the one great reason why pigs do not 

 prove more profitable on a great iiiany farms Is, lie- 

 cause they do not have enough clean yanl-riMim In 

 which lo run and forage. Too often Ihey arc confined 

 lo a small pen and a very small yanl, IkiIIi of whieli 

 are dirty. They have not even a clean grass s|>ot, or 

 grass or other green food lo eiil, hut must conslanlly 

 slay in a close yard or [H'ii. For large hogs this r<*- 

 striction is injurious, but for little pigs It Is very much 

 worse. Young animals want liberty to exercise Ihelr 

 muscles and < lean grass on which lo fcwi. A few 

 farmers let their pigs run at will, but Ihey are apt to 

 do a great deal of mischief. One of my neighliors, 

 who raises a great many pigs, used 10 let Ihem nin 

 into my ganlen.corn and [Kitaloes, tread down my 

 grass, and Ihey did a great deal of damage lo my 

 crops; but he always hail nice pigs, and there was no 

 evident reason except that he allowiil Ihem full lil>- 

 erly out of doors. Now, I do not approve of having a 

 drove of pigs running Ihmiigh ganleiisanil cnips.hut 

 I think it wouhl pay even small farmers to fence In 

 an eighth ur a fuuftU of an acre of laud adjoining 



