90 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[June, 



green were applied in water, or at the rate of 

 five pounds per acre — much more titan is used 

 for potatoes. The svuface of the ground was 

 rendered sensilily green by the application. 

 The wheat was not injured in growth. The 

 grain when ripe was submitted to three of 

 the most rigid tests, liut the slightest trace of 

 arsenic coulil not be discovered. Dr. K. was 

 satisfied that it contained none at all. The 

 jioison exerts more intluence the first year, and 

 therefore it is very safe to conclude that wheat 

 is not injured in any degree as human food 

 when growing the year after the potatoes. 



In another case, cabbages were grown in the 

 college garden after tlie potatoes which had 

 been dressed with Paris green. Six ounces of 

 the cabbage-head, submitted to the closest 

 examination, failed to indicate any trace. 



In answer to the question, What becomes of 

 the Paris Green V I)r. K. remarks, that it is 

 insoluble in pure water, but slightly soluble in 

 ammonia water ; and it may te taken up t(j an 

 extent of one part in 100,000 of rain water 

 which contains traces of ammonia. Water 

 charged with carbonic acid will take up one 

 part in 10,000. The waterin the soil contain- 

 ing some carbonic acid, will therefore dissolve 

 a portion of it. 



Where then is the remedy ? A perfect an- 

 tidote or .safeguard is at hand. Hydrated oxide 

 of iron is the well-known and standard anti- 

 dote for Paris Green, as it forms an insoluble 

 salt, with arsenious acid, or only soluble in 

 strong mineral acids. Fertile soils contaiti 

 always a far greater amount of this antidote 

 than is required to neutralize all the ai'senic 

 ever applied to it, for one per cent, of the hy- 

 drated oxide would be no less than a hundred 

 tons per acre, with a depth of one foot of .soil. 

 Dr. Dedzie proved the correctness of his rea- 

 soning on this point by actual and repeated ex- 

 periments. Hence tiie fear of this poisoning 

 injuring water is entirely groundless. 



Several cases are mentioned where the care- 

 less use of Paris green, in applying it to pota- 

 toes, resulted in poisoning. More than one 

 thousand reports were received from clerks in 

 all parts of the State, only Ave of which report 

 poisoning to the workmen. In one case, by 

 careless handling, the Paris green was allowed 

 to come in contact with a sore on the hand. 

 "It swelled enormously, but was subdued by 

 vinegar and .salt. " In another case the dust 

 was inhaled, resulting in much pain in the 

 head and a copious discharge from the nose 

 for two weeks. The operator states that he 

 had been subject to catarrh since childhood, 

 but when the effects of the Paris green had left 

 him, he had not suftered from it since. It 

 proved a powerful meiliciue. In another case, 

 the poison was permitted to enter a hole in the 

 boot leg, causing. some inflammation. Another 

 man narrowly escaped wifh his life from in- 

 haling the dust, which he had absiu'dly en- 

 deavored to exclude wHth a veil over )iis face. 

 He was sick two weeks. Another had his e.yes 

 badly inflamed for a long time by the dust en 

 tering them, and some children were injured 

 by playing among the dusted potatoes. It 

 seems remarkable that so few eases should oc- 

 cur in more than a thousand reports, when it 

 is remembered how careless many are in the 

 application of the poison. It is much safer, 

 however, to apply the Paris green in water — a 

 moderate spoonful to two or three gallons- 

 care being specially required only at tlie mix- 

 ing. 



^ 



THE CENTENNIAL— HOW TO SEE THE 

 GREAT EXHIBITION. 



General Arrangements. 

 The Exhibition opens ;it a. m., and closes 

 at •} p. m. There are special gates distributed 

 at dilVerent points, intended for visitors who 

 pay, for exhibitors, for complimentary tickets, 

 f(u- workmen and for wagons. Visitors pay 

 fifty cents each on entering the ground, which 

 entitles them to a free entrance to each and 

 every building, and to remain during the en- 

 tire day. This also covers admission to the 

 Gilmiu'e Concerts in the Main Building, the 

 Electric Organ Concert in Horticultural Hall, 



and the special exhibitions of fruit and vege- 

 tables in Agricultural Hall. On entering 

 from Belmont Avenue visitors will find, free 

 of charge, all necessary conveniences for wash- 

 ing, dressing, etc., etc; also, barber-shops, 

 bootblacks, etc. At different points in each 

 building water is supi)lied gratuitously, and 

 restaurants can be found in every directicm. 

 Over three thousand seats have already been 

 lilaccd in the grounds, and others are to be 

 added as required. Rolling chairs, a great 

 convenience, can be procured at any of the 

 gates, and visitors carried about from one 

 building to another, and through the Inuld- 

 ings, for a moderate charge. A narrow-gaiige 

 railroad runs all around the inside of the 

 grounds for the small sum of five cents, so that 

 every facility and convenience is at the ser- 

 vice of visitors. 



Expenses. 

 Do not be alarmed at the reports of high 

 charges for board and lodging in Philadel- 

 I)liia ; a careful examination of the subject 

 settles the question that good board can be 

 had from JipO per week up to .fo i)er day. 

 Within sight of the Exhibition there are good 

 accommodations for $1 per day ; that is, a 

 comfortable bed-room ; breakfast can be had 

 outside the grounds for fifty cents, and a good 

 dinner inside for .'$1. All that is necessary is 

 that the visitor examines the bill of fare and 

 selects according to tlie prices given therein. 

 At the dairy good milk, cream, berries, etc., 

 are furnishe(l reasonably. An estimate of ex- 

 penses for one person should not exceed from 

 $1") to S25 per week, including a daily visit to 

 the Exhibition. 



How to Spend a Week Profitably. 



Take a room near the grounds, and com- 

 mence on the first day by entering on Belmont 

 Avenue ; turn to the right and you are in the 

 Main Building, with a day's work before you 

 and a trip around the world. Still keeping to 

 the right we enter Chili and the Argentine 

 Republic, which, with Peru and the Orange 

 Free State, form the first section, and contain 

 much that is of interest. Then the old na- 

 tions of China and Japan, with curious ex- 

 hil)its of bronzes, straw work, silk and mat- 

 ting. Next Denmark, then Turkey and 

 Egypt, followed Ity the beautiful pavilion of 

 Spain and the exhibits of Russia, Austria, 

 Ilungary and the German Empire united, and 

 one-foiu'th of the day's work has been accom- 

 plished. We are now in the centre of the 

 building, and if tired can rest and listen to the 

 music of Gilmore's Baud, or pu.sh on to the 

 exhibits of our own country, which occupy 

 fully one-fourth of the Main Building. On 

 arriving at the extreme end, go up in the gal- 

 lery and view the wonderful vista which ex- 

 tends for nearly half a mile before the ej-e. 

 Now it is time to dine, and as the Restaurant 

 Lafayette is the nearest, we will dine there 

 and spend an hour under the shade of the 

 trees. Returning, we leave the United States, 

 and, passing thnnigh Mexico, the Nether- 

 lands, Brazil, Belgium and Switzerland, reach 

 France and England, where hours can be 

 .spent witli pleasure and profit. Then passing 

 through Canada, Australia, Sweden, Norway 

 and Italy, we have reached our starting point, 

 and the bell chimes give notice that it is six 

 o'clock and time to close. Tired, we go to 

 our hotel for a rest, and then, if so inclhiod, 

 spend the evening at Operti's Garden, or go 

 down in the city and visit Independence Hall, 

 and thus has passed the first day. The second 

 ilay should be devoted to the Macliiuery Hall, 

 the Shoe and Leather Building, the Glass Fac- 

 tory, and the buddings in the vicinity. Dine 

 at tlie French Restaurant, but lools at the 

 prices. Bear in mind that two persons can 

 dine comfortably on what is ordered for one. 

 The thied day visit the Art Gallery and its 

 annexes, the Photographic Gallery and the 

 Carriage Building, with a look at Judges' 

 Hall. Dine at the German Restaurant, S])end 

 the evening at Thomas' Concert or one of the 

 theatres. The fourth day can be pleasantly 

 spent by a visit to the Government Building, 

 tlie Woman's Pavilion, the Model of Paris, 



the State Buildings, and a dinner at the res- 

 taurant on George's Hill. The fifth day can 

 be given to the Horticultural and Agricul- 

 tural Buildings, with a dinner at the grand 

 American Restaurant. Devote the sixth day 

 to an examination of the smaller buildings, 

 and dine at the Southern Restaurant. Then 

 take a boat up the Schuylkill, visit the Zoo- 

 logical Gardens, Fairmount Park, tlie Wissa- 

 hickon, and spend the evening at the Acade- 

 my of Fine Arts, diniug at Strawberry Man- 

 sion or Proskaner's, and the week has passed 

 with both pleasure and profit. 



International Importance. 



Sir Charles Reed, of London, in an address 

 delivered to the Judges selected for the exhi- 

 bition, expressed the great interest taken by 

 foreign nations in its success, and, in closing, 

 addressed General Hawley, President of the 

 Commission, as follows : 



'■I must congratulate you, sir, in being at 

 the head of an exhibition uuiiaralleled in the 

 history of international displays, .so far as my 

 observation has extended. I was upon the 

 jury at the London Exhibition in the year 

 1S.)1, and have visited every European exhibi- 

 tion held since that time, and I say without 

 hesitation that, so far as I have yet been able 

 to examine it, the display you have made in 

 Fairmount Park eclipses everything I have 

 seen. It may be fitly compared to a great 

 feast— an intellectual feast — and I believe it 

 will greatly advance not only the material 

 position of our countries, but that it will afford 

 to the world a guaranty that in gathering us 

 here together you have the interests of peace 

 at heart, and that this will contribute to 

 cement the good feeling at present existing 

 between the nations represented here." 

 Locomotion. 



The arrangements in the city for travel are 

 most convenient. The horse cars run every 

 direction, and for the small charge of seven 

 cents one can go from end to end of tte city, 

 and by a system of exchange tickets cars can 

 be taken crossing the city, so that almost any 

 point can be reached. For small parties 

 wagonettes have been introduced, which can 

 be secured for fifty cents for each person. 

 The City. 



There is much to be seen in Philadelphia. 

 Independence Hall, Carpenter's Hall, Girard 

 College, the Mint, tiie Clubs, the Pubhc 

 Buildings, Laurel Hill Cemetery, Academy 

 of Science, Academy of Fine Arts, are all 

 worthy of a visit. 



Summary. 



•While enough work has been given a visitor 

 to occupy a week, yet it can all be seen in half 

 that time in a cursory manner, and, of course, 

 at a less expense ;, but the reader may rest 

 assured, in whatever section of our country he 

 may be, that it will pay him well to save 

 moiii'y enough to make one visit to the Inter- 

 national Exhibition, and, if possible, to bring 

 his family. The advantages gained will 

 amply pay for all economies in saving, and 

 the writer feels sure that every one influenced 

 to make the visit will never regret it. 



THE HAWTHORN. 



" 'Tis true that I behold no more 

 The valley where we met, 

 I do not sec that hawthorn tree, 

 But how can I forget;" 



The hawthorns var}' much in size, from a 

 low, dwarfv shrub to a tree from ten to fifteen 

 feet in height ; and, therefore, without seeing 

 the tree, the fully developed leaf, or the ma- 

 tured fruit, thespeeies would be difficult to 

 determine, excejit by one very exjicrt in prac- 

 tical bi>tany. Dr. Asa Gray describes twelve 

 native and one introduced species as growing 

 in the United States, but which of the twelve 

 the beautiful branches you seut belongs to, for 

 the reason above stated, I cannot tell. The 

 hawthorns systematically belong to the order 

 RoKiira — sub-order Pomea, (or pear fiimily) 

 and the genus Gratergus — a name derived 

 from a Greek word meaning strength, on ac- 

 count of the hardness of the wood. Generically 



