1877.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



31 



Healthful Beds. 



Germany excels any country with which I am fa- 

 miliar in the cleanliness of its l>e<ls. It seems as much 

 A part of yearly house-eleanintr with them lohavellie 

 hair renioveil from the mattress, to have it well hcut- 

 en and sunned, and the cover washed, as it is u iili us 

 to hare the carpets whijipod and freed from their dis* 

 eaee-be^ettinc dust. 1 i^rant that it would l>e a dilli- 

 eult and expensive undertakiiii^ for an Aincriean 

 housekeeper, for skilled laborers are rare, and when 

 I found must be well paid, as they should lie. Knowinir 

 the obstacle, then, in tlie way of thorou^'li renovalicin 

 j of our beds, we shouUl take all the nit>recare to protect 

 and air them. Kvery bed should have especially 

 ' made for it, tlie size of a tick, a widte, lacked coin- 

 I forter, not too thick so as to be unmanacfeable in 

 I washinp ; over this the sheet is spread. Every bed in 

 j daily use should be subjected to the purifyini;- rays of 

 I the sun at least once a week, and should be left open 

 I for the reception of air and litrht some time hel'dre 

 beinp made up. Beds not frequently used are often 

 found very musty and disajjrceable to guests. The 

 parlor beds that swallow their own contents by a 

 masric touch, are fair witliout, but in time, for the 

 lack of proper airinp, they become foul within. 



LIVE STOCK. 



Valuable Recipes. 



Cramp. — Take of water of ammoida or of spirits 

 of hartshorn, one ounce : olive oil, two ounces. 

 Shake them toirether till they unite, and use as a lin- 

 iment to rub well on the afllicted part. 



SrET Pudding. — Three quarters of a pint of chop- 

 ped suet, one pint of milk or water, one eirir beaten, 

 one-ha!fteas|)Oonsalt,andenouirli flour to make a stitT 

 batter but thin cnouijh to pour from a spoon. Put in a 

 bowl, cover with a cloth and boil three hours. The 

 same, a little thinner, with a few raisins added and 

 baked in a well jireascd dish, is excellent. 



Sauck for Stkaks and Stews. — For one quart, 

 cut into dice one carrot, two onions, one head of cel- 

 ery, and two turnips, fry lijrhtly in a small quantity 

 of butter; stir to prevent burning; aild sullicient of 

 browti sauce to make the required quantity; boil 

 slowly until thevctjctables are done; put in a pinch of 

 sugar, a little pepper and salt, and it is fit to serve. 



Mince Pie. — Seven pounds round beef, lean, two 

 pounds stoned raisins, two pounds currants, two 

 pounds beef suet, one peck apples, four pounds pow- 

 dered sutrar, one-half pound citron, one-half ounce 

 of powdered cloves, one-half ounce powdered mace, 

 one-half dozen nutme^rs, one ounce of cinnamon, 

 scant, three teasi>oonful6 salt, one pint brandy. 

 Chop all tine tojrether; when makinif pies mix a little 

 cider. This will make fifteen good-sized pies. 



Spiced Beef. — X^ke some nice suet, or three or 

 four slices of pork; fry in a pot until it is a light 

 brown; then lay in a piece of raw beef; brown it on 

 both sides; tliencover it with water and let it stew over 

 moderate fire five or six hours, according to the size 

 of the beef; add an onion, two hay-leaves, lialf a tea- 

 spoonful of mace, a teaspoonful of whole cloves and 

 allspice mixed; pepper, salt, and vinegar to taste; add 

 water as it boils away, so that there may be enough 

 to make gravy when the meat is done. 



RcBT Cake. — Beat to a cream one pound of su- 

 gar and one pound of butter; add eight well-bcatcn 

 yolks of eggs and one grated nutmeg, and stir in the 

 coloring matter, made as follows, (irate a beet root 

 to fine shreds, with a very little water; let it stand 

 one day and squeeze through a linen cloth. One 

 wineglassful of this essence should be added to the 

 other ingredients. Then stir in one pound of flour; 

 lastly the whites of the eight eggs, beaten to a still' 

 froth. 



QnEEN Pudding. — Take one pint of fine bread 

 crumbs, (or their equivalent in bread soaked and 

 rubbed through. a colander,) one quart of milk, one 

 cup of sugar, the yolks of four eggs beaten, a piece 

 of butter the size of an egg, and the grated rind of 

 one lemon; beat the bread, milk, and eggs light, then 

 beat in the other ingredients, and bake until done, but 

 not watery; whip the whiles of the eggs to a still 

 froth with a cup of sugar and the juice of one lemon, 

 on top of the pudding spread a layer of jelly or jam, 

 then the whites of the eggs: brown slightly and serve 

 hot. It may be made without jelly, and eaten with 

 hard sauce. 



Making Cider Vineoar. -A correspondent of 

 the Country GenlUmaii gives directions as follows : 

 ".Make the cider as early in the season as possible. 

 When the barrel is filled let it remain where the sun 

 can shine on it part of the day. Leave the bung 

 out and insert the neck end of a bottle. This will 

 let the air in, while it will keep the flies out. Put 

 into each barrel one sheet of foolscap pa|)er, a half 

 pint of white beans, and a half pint 

 of good brewers' yeast, or other yeast that is as 

 good. Also, if you choose, put in a pint of molasses. 

 .Manage in this way and you will have vinegar in six 

 weeks. Remember that good eider will make good 

 vinegar. 



^ 



Wanted— 500 subscribers to The Fau.mer ; the 

 cheapest and best.agricultnral paper in the country. 

 See terms on the 1st page of cover. 



Experiments on the Nutrition of Domestic 

 Animals. . 



In conducting the feeding trials at the German sta- 

 tions, where nearly all of the later experimenting in 

 this line has been done, neat cattle, sheep, goats, 

 horses anil swine receive dilferent foods in varying 

 proportions and mixtures, and the etfccts are accurate- 

 ly noted. Among the questions whose solution has 

 been sought are, the cliemical composition of different 

 I'ciod materials, and the proportions of food ingredi- 

 ents in each, as albuminoids, carlioliydratcs, and fats, 

 which are digested by dilfeiVnt animals; the parts 

 they play in the animal economy, which elements 

 are the " flesh formers" and wliicti the " fat form- 

 ers ; which make the fa.l (butter), and which the 

 casein (curd) of the milk ; wliicli produce heat and 

 muscular force, i^:e.; in what proportions and mix- 

 tures the animal will digest most fully and use most 

 economically the food ingredients, and, finally, what 

 amounts of each will be needed and utilized to the 

 best advantage by differenl animals and for difl'crent 

 purposes. 



The care and patience and thoroughness with 

 which these experimcuts arc conducted, the amount 

 of labor and lime and money they cost, and the 

 ways that their results are applied, would be quite 

 astonishing to most American farmers. Careful 

 weighings and analyses are iliade of the food the 

 animals consume, the milk they produce, the excre- 

 ment and urini' they voiil, and even the air they 

 breathe. A single experiment often requires the 

 hard and unremitting work of several chemists day 

 and night for .several weeks or months. "The ac- 

 counts of the experimental iuveslig.ition on the sub- 

 ject cif animal nutrition that have been published 

 during the last fifteen years in the (ierman language 

 alone would make what most peojde woiil* call a 

 good size library. The experiments thus described 

 are luimbcred by hundreds and even thousands, each 

 one of which has cost the labor of days, weeks, or 

 montlis. They have called in requisition the service 

 the ablest scientific men and the most successful 

 farmers. They have involved an incalculable aiuount 

 of thought, care, and toil in the laboratory, the 

 stable, and the study. The latjor, much of it of a 

 mental sort, has been performed willingly, even en- 

 thusiastically, by those to whom it has brought not 

 wealth, but only meager support. Nor has the work 

 been in vain. These investigations have done a vast 

 deal to settle the (|uest.ions about stock-feeding, 

 which occupy so much space in the papers, and 

 >vhieh are as perplexing as they are important to 

 millions of farmers on both sides of the .\tlautic. 

 Combined with the results of daily farm experience, 

 they have shown for what purposes different kinils 

 of fodder-materials are best fitted, and how much 

 each is worth. They have taught the farmers how 

 to make valuable fodder out of poor hay and straw ; 

 how to employ lucerne, seradella, clover, and other 

 forage-crops to the best advantage; how to utilize 

 waste products such as flaxseed and cotton-seed and 

 the oil-cake made from them, also the refuse from 

 the manufacture of sugar from beets, and of alco- 

 holic spirits and starch from potatoes and grains. 

 They have shown in what proportitms these and 

 other fodder-materials should be mixed and useii, so 

 as to get the greatest benefit at the least cost." In 

 brief, this sort of work is supplying (Jerman farmers 

 with just the information they need in order to keep 

 their stock, and produce meat, dairy-products, and 

 whatever else comes from the maintaining of domes- 

 tic animals, most rationally and with the largest 

 profit. 



^ 



The Horse Growers. 



Going into Orange county, New York, j-ou find on 

 every hunilred acres, a neat and ca[)aci<ius white 

 house, with well kept fence, a few rose bushes, a 

 convenient garden, ample barns. Inside these houses 

 you will be apt to find a wliolesome, handsome wo- 

 man and four good children — that is theaverage. If 

 this woman docs hot know what good butler is, and 

 how to make It, good bread and how to make it; if 

 she does not know a good horse or cow when she sees 

 it, a good farmer as soon as she puts her eye on his 

 land, It will be surprising. If every woman in every 

 house does not own and wear a good silk dress, if 

 there is not in every house a newspaper or two, a 

 magazine or two, and twenty good books, it will be 

 more surprising still. These houses are furnished 

 with good carpets and good beds, and in manv of 

 them stands a piano, which some daughter can use 

 passably well. On Sumlays and on fair days, these 

 men and women and cliililren have a good carriage 

 and a horse or two, with which they can ride. They 

 are as well olT as mankind can be, and they ought to 

 be content. 



For myself, I should like to see introduced here 

 the English fa.shion of fortnightly market days, 

 where at the central town on a particular day, buy- 

 ers and sellers should meet, the one with productions 

 the other with money, for mutual exchange. I be- 

 lieve this would promote and satisfy the social feel- 

 ing, which now may sometimes go hungry, and I am 

 sure it would be pecuniarily beneficial. Five good 

 farmers can start it in an; district, and I trust they 



will In Orange county. The ^^lnclpal products of 

 this rich county are butter, cheese, milk, cattle, hay 

 and horses. It is with the last that we have to do. 

 Three great stud farms are to he seen tlierc; and, be- 

 sides these, good horses, in ones anil twos, are bred 

 on nearly every farm. This, indeed, lias been the 

 usual method until within a few years, when capital 

 lirain and experienie comliined, have organized great 

 businesses, as to which I only propose to report 

 progress. 



On these great farms are to be seen, running loose 

 on the snow-covercd fields, henis of yearlings and 

 two-year olds, rough, uidieked, hmg-lialred. It la 

 not easy for the uninitiated to believe that some of 

 these unkempt creatures are worth morethana thou- 

 sand dollars as they stand. But, with singular con- 

 fidence, they come up to you, they put their noses 

 into your hand, they wish to nip at your coat, they 

 have no other idea than that you arc their friend. 

 Then you begin to see that they have brood faces, 

 great, intelligent eyes, quick, flexible ears, and con- 

 lidenee. You arc pointed to the depth of chest, which 

 indicates lung-power and large hearts. You sec that 

 they are even now strongly developed behind, where 

 the great propelling power of the trotter lies. You 

 see, too, that the stifles are wide, and that the mus- 

 cles <reep well down toward the hock-joint, which is 

 low on the leg. Very soon you begin to lielievc that 

 these uncondicd, wild-looking, but gentle colts are, 

 indeed, worth money, and that they are the stock 

 from which is to be "developed the gentlemen's road 

 horse of eastern .Vmcriea in the coming time. You 

 go into the open yards and find in groups of Ave or 

 six, the brood mares, as rough-looking, as unpromis- 

 ing as their children; but you learn that most of 

 them have racing blood in their veins : are descend- 

 ants of Mambrino or At>dallah or Clay or .Star, or 

 some ether of the noted horses ; anil nearly all have 

 made their mark, have done their nu'le in 'Ji.'iO, •J:40 

 or 'J.i\0, and so have won their places as mothers of 

 noted olfspring.— Ot(r Great Fartnerf, lnj C. W. 

 Elliott ^ in Galaxy. 



Symptoms of Rabies in Dogs. 



A dog previously of lively disposition, shows sul- 

 leuness. His eyes change from a dull to a sharp, 

 glaring expression. He walks most of the time with 

 the tail hanging down. If he has the privilege of 

 the house, he will walk around and sniflT at different 

 objects of furniture, raise his hind leg, and allow 

 him.^elf privileges which he never did before. If he 

 has a rug to lie on, he will scratch it in a heap, and 

 lie on it with his chest, and not on his side. His 

 mouth is hot and dry, his pulse beats hard and 

 quick; he is always thirsty, and drinks a good deal 

 of water. He will sometimes come up to his master, 

 look him in the face with glaring eyes, as if he 

 wishes to tell him, "There is something the matter 

 with me." -\ dog like this should be securely chain- 

 ed, and closely watched. Within eight days he will 

 commence to chew with his mouth, froth will issue 

 from it, spasms set in, during which he will lie on 

 his side and roll around in a circle, yelping and 

 frothing from the mouth. After the spiisms subside 

 he will stagger away, as much as possible in a 

 straight line, till his head strikes an object, when he 

 will liite and turn in a diHerent direction, till he 

 strikes again and dies. 



The two senses of hearing and vision are gone, 

 only the sense of feeling is unimpaired. He will walk 

 into fire as well as into water till he touches it and 

 turns. He will attempt to bite into stone or any 

 other object, as well as into living beings. If not 

 killed quickly, tetanus (lockjaw) will soon set in and 

 end his trouble, and danger to man and beast. The 

 bite of any dog is dangerous, as he only bites under 

 nervous excitement, which bite may produce hydro- 

 phobia in a nervous person, but the bite of a dog as 

 above described is always fatal sooneror later, accord- 

 ing to the nervous condition of the person so bitten. 

 After a person has been bitten by a dog or cat, the 

 first thing to do is to quiet the nervous system with 

 ether or other an;estheties. put them to sleep and 

 keep all excitement from them. (Jet the root Tetut 

 foeted (skunk cabbage) if it can be had fresh, grate 

 it or iTOund it to the soft consiatency of a poultice, 

 incise the punctured wound if not lacerated and put 

 the poultice on it and renew it every three hours. 

 If fresh roots cannot be had obtain the pulverized 

 preparation from the druggist and moisten with water 

 to a poultice consistency. This remedy has been 

 employed in eases of snake bites, especially rattle- 

 snakes and vipers, with good results, as I am credit- 

 ably informed by men who had been bitten and 

 could show the marks of the bites plainly. As the 

 eft'eet produced by the bites of rabid dogs and rep- 

 tiles is the same, except in type and time, and the 

 root grows in all our swamps, the remedy may easily 

 be employed In Iroth cases. Yours truly. — Dr. H. A. 

 Rotenthal, V. S., in Turf, Field and Farm. 



Lumps in Udders. 



Take poke root and chop it up fine and beat it 

 into pumice; take a teacupful and put in a quart of 

 meal, and feed to a cow whose udder has lumps init, 

 and they are removed at once. The remedy Is infal- 

 lible. 



