i8?r.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



i03 



the houses, barns and other buililiiigs, gardens 

 and orchards, to be close to-^ether, giving each 

 farmer live to seven acres, or more. Tlie 

 balance of the land is ontside of tlie village, 

 and by proper arrangement and location the 

 most iistant farm need not be more than a 

 mile from tlie buildings. 



This is done in .some parts of Germany, I 

 believe, but there the villages have more in- 

 habitants Ihan these American villages woulil 

 have, for the rea.son that the farms are there 

 ninch smaller than in this country, and the 

 peasants often have a couple miles to their 

 farms. Of course, in these (Jerman villages the 

 lots belonging to the houses are quite small, 

 too small to suit the taste and wants of the 

 average American farmer. 



Whether this style of farming will suit 

 Americans, remains to be seen, as there are 

 disadvantages connected with it, that may, 

 in many cases, seem to over-balance the ad- 

 vantages and conveniences. 



A few of these villages have been started in 

 late years, the most noted of which is Greely; 

 but it needs further experiment to determine 

 the ultimate success. Greely is very much 

 praised, and is a very desirable and agreeable 

 place to live, if we may believe the letters that 

 are published in the papers from time to time. 



There is also such a village in some part of 

 New England, (l)eerfleld, t't., I believe), that 

 has existed from the earliest time, it being 

 built in this manner as a protection against the 

 raids of the Indian.s. 1 liave never heard how 

 successful it is, but suppose that its advan- 

 tages are considered to over-balance the dis- 

 advantages, or it would have long ago passed 

 out of existence. 



The question of the advantages and disad- 

 vantages of lai'ge farms and small farms, is 

 one of those perplexing (juestions that can 

 never be really settled, and so to the end, we 

 will have advocates for farms ranging in size 

 from four acres up to four lumdred or more, 

 locality to some degree determining the size. 



A. B. K. 



For The Lancarter Farmer. 

 PRACTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM 

 LEOLINE. 



Egg Plants. — I have just read in the June 

 number of the Farmer about this i)lant, and 

 the use of Paris green. I can safely say, use 

 Paris green, for 1 saved my egg plants last 

 year by the use of it, and I used the eggs, 

 but always pared them, and they done us no 

 harm; and I also used it on my cucumber 

 plants to keep the striped bug off, and on 

 squashes too. 



Locusts — Mr. Editor: You have turned 

 things upside down about the locusts; it is 

 neither W nor V; it is M, or more this style 

 111. . That is meaning Moses, and if you live 

 to see eight years more, please take notice if 

 it is not so. Tlie seventeen year locusts gen- 

 erally come up along woods, and when that 

 is cut down, they will only come up there at 

 ■ that place once after that. Nine years ago 

 they were up in this place, and could have 

 been gathered by the bushel. 



Soups.— "Noodle Soup." Take 3 eggs, 3 

 egg shells full of water, and work enough of 

 flour in to make it stiff to roll on a board ; 

 roll it as thin as you can without lireaking ; 

 lay it on a cloth to dry. Now put over the 

 fire a good fat piece of beef, or a fat pullet is 

 just as good, but it must be fat; put it in cold 

 water if you want your soup to be good, with 

 salt to taste; add a small quantity of .saffron, 

 parsley, celery, winter savoy, or sage, if jiala- 

 table, and boil until it is tender. When your 

 "noodles" are dry, which will be in about one 

 and a-half hours, take and roll them together, 

 cut in thin slips, put them in and boil 15 min- 

 utes longer. Serve with pepper sprinkled over 

 the top. Enough for a family of six. 



Milk or Pellet Soup.— Put over the fire 

 a piece of fat beef and boil till tender ; put 

 in salt just enough to take away the raw taste; 

 boil down to one-half the original quantity of 

 water. Have ready the same (piantity of new 

 milk (boiling hot,) and pour it into the water. 

 You must take care that it does not run over. 



Now take two eggs (if you have enough to 

 make four or live quarts of soup) break them 

 into some Hour, and rub it in enough to make 

 it in small balls, or rivel to .seiiarate it ; drop 

 it sparingly into your soup kettle, stirring it 

 all the time, till it is all in, and boil five or 

 ten minutes longer. It is best to stir till done 

 to prevent burning. Serve. 



Cahbaoe Soup. — Put in cold water a good 

 piece of beef, let boil half an hour ; take a nice 

 liead of cabliage and wash clean, shred it up, 

 put it in with the meat, sift two tablespoon- 

 fuls of (lour in, add very little saffron, and 

 salt to taste ; boil until the beef is tender. 

 Add one pint of rich new milk, stir it a few 

 moments and it is doiu'. Serve with pepper. 



Invalid Suiip. — Put over the fire two 

 <iuarts of new milk, let it come to a boil ; in 

 the meantime, toast some bread, nice and 

 brown, break it up into small pieces, put it 

 into a tureen and put in a little salt ; grate 

 over it a little nutmeg and add a small piece 

 of butter; pour your milk boiling hot over it 

 and cover ; let itstiuid ten minutes, and serve 

 either with more salt or with sugar, as pre- 

 ferred. 



^ 



For The Lancaster Farmer. 

 THE HORSE. 

 The horse is not only the most noble and 

 elegant, but he is al.so the most useful sub- 

 ject of the animal kingdom. lie appears to 

 have been specially created to assist the hu- 

 man family in their labors, their recreations, 

 and their pleasures, and therefore ought to 

 be treated by man as a superior among quad- 

 rupeds — as a gift from Providence, to accom- 

 pany him in his various industrial and social 

 occupations. The original locality of the hor.se 

 is in dispute, if it is not almost entirely un- 

 known. Both Egypt and Arabia claim the 

 lirst notice of this noble animal, but the pre- 

 ponderance of i)rofane testimony seems to be in 

 favor of Egypt, but doubtless much might be 

 said on either side. Even in the sacred writ- 

 ings, when describing the earliest stages of 

 the world's progress, we find the horse is in 

 extensive use in Egypt. In comjiaratively 

 modern times, when Mahomet attacked the 

 Koreish tribes, we find not a single horse in 

 the entire camp — showing how scarce at so 

 late a period, horses were, even in Arabia, 

 and how plentiful in Egypt. But Arabia be- 

 came long afterwards the greatest place for 

 tleet and beautiful horses in the world. 

 Horses at a very early period were discovered 

 grazing wild on the banks of the Danube. 

 When emigration lk>wed into Europe, i\w. 

 hor.se, like the dog, accompanied man, un- 

 civilized as wellascivilized, and was therefore 

 found in most congenial climates. The 

 first mention we have of horses in Great Brit- 

 ain, dates from the Koman invasion of Eng- 

 land, -under the command of .Julius Ciesar; 

 and are mentioned by him as a noble local 

 race of animals, and he also speaks of their 

 skillful management by this uncivilized race 

 of people. 



The horse is found wild in Mexico and 

 South America. It is not positively known 

 whether they are indigenous to those coun- 

 tries, or whether they were imported into 

 them by the Spaniards, and became wild in 

 the course of time. The fact that Prof. Cope 

 and other explorers have found the organi(^ 

 remains of half a <lozen distinct sjiecies of 

 horse, buried at dillerent depths in the allu- 

 vial soil of our western Slates, throws some 

 doubts upon the theory that they were intro- 

 duced by Columbus and other foreign explor- 

 ers, and that they did not originally exist here 

 as well as in Asia and Europe. 



The horse is used in difi'erent ways aud for 

 ditt'erent i)urposcs, in ditl'erent countries aud 

 in different climates. In mountainous coun- 

 tries ha is mainly u.sed as a beast of burden, 

 and heavy cargoes arc carried on his back 

 over the steepest and most dangerous moun- 

 tain passes. In Tartary, Afglianistan aud 

 Arabia, on account of his lleetness, he is used 

 for war purposes, and in roaming from jdace 

 to place. In Europe and the United States 

 mainly for agricultural purposes — in culti- 



vating the soil, and as a draught animal, 

 in transporting iimduce to market, and a 

 means of conveyance for business, for [ileasure 

 and for profit. Pifty years ago our "Cones- 

 toga horses" were in extensive use in convey- 

 ing goods from Philadelphia to Pittsburg. 

 Then it was necessary to raise the heaviest 

 and strongest horses, but that trade has long 

 since been superceded by canal, railroad and 

 steamboat navigation. It was also necessary 

 to raise .some of the lleete.st varieties of horses 

 for stage and coach draught in conveying U. 

 S. mails and travelers from one State, or 

 place to another, or for courier despatches, in 

 the absence of telegraphs or other means of 

 conveyance, as at the seat of the present war 

 between Russia and Turkey. They have very 

 few railroads in that c(umtry, hence we read 

 a good deal about "lleuter despatches," 

 meaning rider diKpuiches — news brought by 

 couriers or horsemen. How cruel the noble 

 hor.so is often treated, even in our Christian 

 -Vmerica. Among the unchristianized Ara- 

 bians the horse is difTerently appreciated, and 

 a higher value is accorded to him than else- 

 where, and the hor.se and his master often ex- 

 ist under the same i)rotecting shelter that 

 jirotects the whole Arabian family; and they 

 are so well trained that they lie down at com- 

 mand and permit the children to crawl over 

 them or imder them without being hurt. 

 They esteem the mares much higher than 

 they do the hor.ses. The Mexicans arc the 

 reverse of this. They never catch wild mares 

 at all, and consider it a disgrace to ride on a 

 mare, but esteem the horses very highly. We 

 Americans, send missionaries to Asia and to 

 Mexico, yet we might learn from tho.se nations 

 how to treat horses. Horses are sometimes 

 treated very cruelly in our country in various 

 ways. Oficni they are overburdened and 

 made to draw enormous loads under the cruel 

 goadings of the merciless whip, with galled 

 wounds under their collars, and often without 

 enough to eat. They are hitched under the 

 hot sun for hours, and this too, very often 

 by pious wor.shippers at the Sunday meeting 

 house, with no shcilding nor shade-trees out- 

 side of, or surrounding their holy temples. 

 Since then the horse, in intelligence and gen- 

 eral usefulness is almost next to man, he 

 should be treated as becomes the hunuuiityof 

 man to man. As to what kind of horses we 

 ought to raise at the present time there need 

 be no very serious question. Since the intro- 

 duction of the steamlioat, the locomotive and 

 the telegraph, there apiiears to be no particu- 

 lar necessity for "fast" horses. 



AVherever there is a telegraphic communi- 

 cation, and men in one locality, in the lap.se 

 of a few minutes, can talk with those 

 in Philadeliihia or New York, or in thirty 

 minutes, with those in California, or almost 

 over the whole country, there seems to be 

 little use for fast horses, and therefore we 

 seem to have arrived at that moral, domestic, 

 and economic period in our social history, 

 when we should make it a leading point to 

 lireed and raise middle-sized horses ; very 

 gentle, yet willing and strong. The Norman 

 W(3uld lie about the proper horse for the pres- 

 ent period. As we have a great many one 

 and two horse farms in our county, and nearly 

 all one and two horse wagons are now being 

 built instead of the great Conestoga wagons 

 of former times, a different ad:iptation of 

 means to ends seems to be necessitry. Fast 

 horses, in their proper jilaces, and for jnoper 

 uses, jierbaps, will be more or less necessary 

 for some time yet to ccmie, and we might be 

 "conteiitto wait contentedly " until that time 

 arrives, were it not for the pregnant fact that 

 thert/jKi-eof the possession of "fast horses," 

 so often makes "fast men." The American 

 peoi>le, in many ways and for many objects, 

 are becoming a fast people ; and young 

 America, in particular, should not be wilfully 

 led into temptation, or encouraged in evil 

 habits. Therefore, the whole conclusion hath 

 this extent and no more, that the special busi- 

 ness of raising fast horses, in the face of tele- 

 graphic, railroad and steamboat intercourse 

 ijetween men and places, is not only a useless 



