1877.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



133 



tight, set in a cool place, add the other things 

 when you use it. 



Wild Ciiekry Pie.— Line a pie plate with 

 paste, put in wild cherries, tliree or four 

 tahlespoonfulls of sugar, a little ciiuiamon to 

 taste ; if the cherries are juicy, no water, a 

 little Hour strewed over, cover with paste, 

 bake in a moderate hot oven fifteen minutes. 

 It's equal to cranberry pic. Try it. 



GratH .Ieixy.— Take ripe s^P^'s, squeeze 



out the pulp, discard the liulls, use only the 



, juice of the pulp ; to every pint take one 



i pound of pure while sugar, boil fifteen Minutes 



' and you will have a jelly like pine apple. 



! LEOLINE. 



NEW FEED BUCKEYE GRAIN DRILL. 

 This popular Agricultural implement is 

 mauufactured at the celebrated " Buckeye 

 Agricultural Works," at Springfield, Ohio, 

 under the proprietorship of P. P. M.\st&Co., 

 and only needs to be tried to supersede many 

 if not all of the best in the market ; and from 

 the fact tliat it is favorably known in Eng- 

 land, Germany, Russia, and other remote and 

 near i)arts of Europe, as well as to dealers in 

 drills all over the United Slates, those who 



For The Lanoabteb Farmer. 

 ARTIFICIAL BUTTER. 



In the published report of the Lancaster 

 County Agricultural and Horticultural 

 Society of September 4th, 1877, under 

 the discussion about the Oleomargarine, 

 " Casper Ililler asked wliether any one could 

 tell anything about its manufacture ; tliere 

 were no responses." In No. 48 and 4(1 of tlie 

 Scicnlijic American supplement, November, 

 1870, is a full hi.stoi7 of the subject, witlx .six 

 illustrations, covering eiglit columns of read- 

 ing matter. M«ge obtained the first patent 

 on record, in England, July 17, 1809. Wm. 

 Palmer is said to nave taken out a patent in 

 1840 for treating fat or fatty matters from 

 beef, mutton, veal and Iamb, but this product 

 did not resemble butter; it was intended for 

 culinary purposes instead of lard. Mege's 

 patent was not issued in the United States un- 

 til December :50, 1873, for the manufacture of 

 artificial butter. II. W. Bradley's patent, 

 January .3 JL871, was for a new composition for 

 lard, butler or shortening. Bradley got an- 

 other patent Octolier 7, 1871, which had for its 

 object "to deodori/.e and render palatable 

 cotton seed oil for culinary purposes. Tlie|nexl 



Garret Cosine, Fel)rnary 1.5, 187C, for an im- 

 proved process for making arlificial butter. 

 Dr. Chandler and Henry A. Moll, jr., E. M. 

 Ph. 1)., had previously used several of the 

 processes claimed l)y patentees, all more or 

 less approximating to the secret of purifying 

 fats and manipulating tliem. The process of 

 Mege's being about e(iual to the later patents 

 obtained — each for a di(lcr(!nt mode to accom- 

 jilisli the same end. To sum up the matter, 

 without detailing the various modes specified, 

 we may state tliat the first matter to be attend- 

 ed to, when a good i)roducl is to be manufac- 

 tured, is cleanliness. The strictest attention 

 to the washing process, caro being taken to 

 have the fats fresh and pure, and all carefully 

 removed and separated, and thorougldy 

 waslied in separate tanks ; covered in tepid 

 water and left at rest an liour, then the fatty 

 matters are removed an<l waslied with cold 

 water, and covered witli fresh water and re- 

 peated. After this the fatty matters, sweet 

 tallow, &c., is passed through a "meat 

 hasher," piece by piece, cut by revolving 

 knives and forced through a fine sieve into a 

 tub, accomiilished by steam power. The 

 meUiug process is carried on in tanks (heated 



are in need of an implement of the kind (and, 

 what fanner does not, when he is sure of lind- 

 ing a good one '?) cannot make a mistake in 

 patnmizing the Buckey:^ with its kew 

 FEEDER attachmemt. This feeder is very 

 simple in its structure, not liable to get out of 

 order, and can be readily adjusted to throw 

 out a small or a larger quantity of see<l, by a 

 simple device attaclied to the end of the hop- 

 per, and which uniformly changes all of the 

 feeders at once, and is equally effective 

 whether applied to a peck or a pint. The 

 al)ove cut is a fair illustration of the tout en- 

 semble pf tliis implement, but for the details 

 we wo\dd recommend our readers who arc in 

 need of a drill to send to the establislnnent for 

 an illuminated circular and catalogue. Tliere 

 are several other economical devices that can 

 be attached to this drill, as occasion, or fancy 

 may need. We may instance the " Guano 

 Fertilizer attachments," the " Plaster Sower," 

 the "Spring Hoe," and Uie " Hoe Shifter," 

 as well as a "new method of attaching the 

 Gum Tubes." 



See advertisement of P. P. Mast & Co., in 

 our advertising columns ; and in the matter of 

 a grain-drill, if possible, get the best, which 

 will always be the cheapest. 



process was the patent of Peyrouse, November 

 2, 1871, for a substance intermediate between 

 butter and lard. The next was the patent of 

 Paraf, April, 1873. In this is claimed " the 

 true process of the manufacture of artificial 

 butter, ' ' an imitation of Mege's process, and he 

 gave it the name of "Oleomargarine," as 

 butter at one time was considered a compound 

 principally composed of olein and margarine ; 

 but later investigations have shown tliat mar- 

 garine is a mixture of palmatin and stearin. 

 Paraf started a large company in New York 

 for its manufacture. This, when just made, 

 resembles butter at a distance, but on exami- 

 nation with a microscope, it seems to ])ossess 

 distinct grain, which is very distinguishable 

 on tasting. Before Mege's American jtatent, 

 Joseph Brown obtained one for purifying 

 tallow, December 23, 1873. 



The following is a simple li.st of patents to 

 show the struggle and com]ietition : Francis 

 Kraft, July 21, 1874 ; Wm. E. Andrew, Aug. 

 11, 1874 ; John Nolibi, August 18, 1874 ; Wm. 

 L. Churchill and Jacob L. Englehart, August 

 25, 1874 ; George Bloom Van Brunt, October 

 13, 1874 ; Wra. E. Andrews, August 24, 187."); 

 John P. Kinney, October 19, 1875 ; Wm. E. 

 Andrews again (re-issue) November 10, 1875 ; 



to WCP Fahrenheit), heated by steam, the fat 

 being continually stirred at an even tempera- 

 ture. The "scraps" settle in the bottom 

 on leaving the melted fat at rest, a clear yellow 

 oil floats on top, covered by a film of white 

 emulsion of oil, with the water contained ui 

 the fat. "Wlien the scraps have completely 

 subsided, the thin layer of emidsion is bailed 

 ofi", and the clean yellow oil is drawn and 

 received in wooden cars, which when nearly 

 filled are removed, to allow the oil to solidify. 

 The melting process properly performed occu- 

 pies from 3 to 4 hours; it takes from 12 to 24 

 hours to gi-anulate, in a room 70^ Fahrenheit, 

 and must not be hurried, otherwise the stea- 

 rin in the fat will not have time to ci7stallize. 

 It is then submitted to the press, in a press- 

 room, kept at a temperature between 85'^ and 

 90 Fahrenheit. The refined fat must Ije so 

 solid that it cannot be worked with the fingers 

 with ease. When in the right condition, it ia 

 packed in cloths, set in moulds to form pack- 

 ages. These packages (4 by 8 inches) IJ thick, 

 are placed on galvanized iron plates in the 

 press, at equal distances apart, piled upon 

 each other. The pressure forces the oil out, 

 which is collected in tin vessels. These cakes 

 of pure white stearine are obtained (8 by 5 



