1878.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



51 



THE BRIGHTON GRAPE. 



Grown and for sale by Edward .1. Evans & 

 Co., York, York county. Pa. Price, by mail, 

 post-paid, for one year old, Sl.UO ; for two 

 years old, $1.. 50. This (Jrape, wliicli is des- 

 tined to become popular, is a cross between 

 the Concord and Diana Hamburg, and was 

 originated by Mr. .lacob Moore of Brighton, 

 New \''ork, who is well known for hisentluisi- 

 astic devotion to the business of artilicial 

 crossing of fruits, in order to iirodnce im- 

 proved varieties. Mr. E. II. Hooker, of Ro- 

 chester, who has the original vine, has tested 

 it for five consecutive years, and it has given 

 unqualified satisfaction. It received the Wilder 

 Medal, for Mr. Hooker's display of the fruit 

 at the Exhibition of the " American Pomo- 

 logical Society," at Baltimore, in September, 

 1S77, and those who had llie pleasure of tast- 

 ing the fruit on that occasion, fully sustain all 

 that has been claimed for it by its originator, 

 and those who have gnnvn it, and have it for 

 sale. It is confidently named among our 

 Hardy Varieties by Nursery men of the liigh- 

 est standing in the country, and Mr. Hooker 

 who has tried it longist, and perhaps knows 

 it best, declares that he knows of xo oxe va- 

 riety of grape which combines so many ex- 

 cellent traits as are found in this. It is confi- 

 dently believed that a general trial will amply 



ripens too early to be well adapted to packing 

 and keeping iu this latitude. 



cult. Jkaidi/ fif Vine and Foliage. — It is no 

 small advantage that the Brighton Vine has 

 immense glossy dark green leaves, whicli are 

 very attractive, and effectually resists diseases 

 which afllict feebler growing kinds. 



QUERY AND ANSWER. 



Mr. J. M. J., Lanraster, Pa.— The branch 

 of tlie peach tree submitted to us was in- 

 fested by a species ot IScolytus or Tnmicits, 

 small black or brown cylindrical beetles. We 

 cannot be positive about the species by .seeing 

 the larva alone ; but they probably are pyri — 

 the pear-blight beetle. Two years ago a 

 branch, similarly infested, was sent to us from 

 Cecil CO., Maryland. See third column, page 

 3(!, March nuniber of The Farmer. 



The small, luird spherical object submitted 

 to us two days ago, was the "uutlet" or seed 

 of the "hack-berry," (Celtis occidentali.^ \a,T. 

 pumila,] a small tree, growing on river banks 

 and in woods, from New England to Wiscon- 

 sin, and southward, belonging to tlie sub- 

 order Ulmace^, or elm family. The fruit 

 grows on a peduncle or stem, reddish or yel- 

 lowish in color, but turning a dark purple at 

 maturity ; sweet and edible ; as large as bird- 

 cherries ; flesh thin, and ripening in autumn. 



it becomes necessary to give tlie matter seri- 

 ous attention, and to note with care liow best 

 to prepare sufficient for one's own use, and 

 the most economical method of manufacture. 

 The time and method of application, and the 

 effect of different kinds upon various crops, 

 are a'lso matters of great and growing im- 

 portance. But this essay proposes to treat 

 mainly upon the best and most economical 

 methodsof manufacture, embracing not theory 

 simply, for years of practice and watching the 

 result of application are both embodied in 

 everytliing herewitli presented. 



The richest barnyard manure produced is 

 from corn-fed cattle ; the next is, perhaps, 

 from the droppings of grain-fed hor.ses. The 

 two mixed together make a very acceptable 

 fertilizer, and a liberal application thereof to 

 any soil will make the whole face of nature 

 smile with an abundant liarvest. In this con- 

 nection tlicre is another element richer and 

 more acceptable to the land, that is almost 

 wholly lost from nearly every barnyard. This 

 element is the liqui<l matter so soggy, sputtery 

 and unpleasant ibr faruiers witli leaky boots 

 in moist weather. When a farmer can so ar- 

 range his barnyard that this licpiid will run 

 into a pit aud be preserved for sprinkling his 

 soil, he will find, by a few applications, that 

 tlie richest of all his accessories has for years 

 been running to waste. It is surprising how 



bear out the following recommendations, as 

 coming distinctly witliiii the sphere of what is 

 claimed for it. 



1st. Excellency of Quality. — It is equal to or 

 better than the Delaware in flavor and rich- 

 ness, with even less pulp; very pure, sweet, 

 and delicate in character. A most excellent 

 table fruit, surpassing every other early grape 

 in quality. 



2d. Vigor and Hardiness of Vine. — The vine 

 grows with remarkable rapidity, ripens its 

 wood early, and very perfectly; proving fully 

 as well able to resist the severest winters as 

 the Concord. 



3d. Early Ripening. — The Brighton ripens 

 along with our earliest sorts — the Delaware, 

 the Euraelan and the Hartford. This is a 

 very valuable peculiarity for all planters north 

 of Pennsylvania, as many of our other best 

 grapes fail to ripen in unlavorable seasons, or 

 in any but the earliest and dryest .soils and 

 situations. Ripe in Rochester, September 

 5th, 1876. 



4(/i. Beauty and Size of J'rKrt.— Itis aslarge 

 and beautiful as the celebrated Catawba, 

 which it resembles in color and form of bunch 

 and berry. When first ripe it is of a reddish 

 purple color, but if sulii-rcd to hang upon the 

 vine until very ripe, it becomes purple. 



The fruit never drops from the stem, but 



! The kernel is albuminous, and has a fine nutty 



i flavor. 



Mr. D. H. G., North Queen street, Lancas- 

 ter, Pa. — Y'our peach twigs were infested by 

 the "peach bark-louse," (Lecanium persica:,) 



\ which is becoming numerous in the country. 

 See The Lancaster Farmer for February, 

 March and April. 



BARNYARD MANURE.* 

 AVhat was once considered in this country a 

 disagreeable appendage to barns, and a neces- 

 sary nuisance, lias of late years resolved itself 

 into one of the greatest blessings of the farm. 

 What would a farm in the Middle States be 

 now without its barnyard manure V What 

 would the Pennsylvania fanner now i)Ut upon 

 his land in return for the annual drain upon 

 it, if he were deprived of the offal of his cat- 

 tle? Not only has the barnyard manure 

 grown in importance, but there is an increas- 

 ing sentiment that unless there are larger de- 

 posits than the barnyard can afford to each 

 farm, the land will soon lie worn out, and the 

 once fertile soil become utterly unfit for use. 

 Since barnyard manine has taken such a high 

 position among the thinking class of farmers 



*Aa eseay read before the January meeting of the Penn- 

 sylvuuiii Utiite Board of Agriculture, by Col. Jajact Young, 

 ot MlddletowD. 



much of this liquid will accumulate in one 

 year on an ordinary farm ; and it is more sur- 

 prising to the experimenter when lie notes the 

 beneficial results of this liepiid upon his fields. 



In preparing a sufficient quantity of manure, 

 experience has demonstrated that it p.ays to 

 buy up a quantity of cattle every year — 

 enough to consume all the corn raised "on the 

 place, and sometimes more. It is far more 

 economical to have cattle enough to eat up all 

 the corn raised, and turn that into manure at 

 home, and the fat cattle into money, than to 

 sell the corn in market and witli the proceeds 

 buy artificial manure. Our farmers are sell- 

 ing too much feed and manufacturing too 

 little manure. Consequently tlicir land is 

 becoming poorer, instead of richer, and with 

 the present course pei-sisted in, Pennsylvania 

 will not be long in having a larger percentage 

 of worn-out lands than some of the New 

 England States now have. The more a Penn- 

 sylvania farmer judiciously puts upon his 

 land, the more be will be able to take off. 

 The great mistake now being made is putting 

 so little on and taking so much off. 



One of the best ways of securing an abun- 

 dance of manure is to go along creeks and, 

 where there arc eddies,gatherup the deposits. 

 If the fanner is living along a river or canal, 

 J hundreds of thousands of loads can be gath- 



