1S78.J 



THE LANCASTER FARMET^. 



75 



ti-ini>to(l produf'tioii of both from the same 

 milk will sooner or later place the cheese part 

 of it exactly where inferior butter stands to- 

 ilav, liankrnpt. Leadinj; bnyers from New 

 York predict that they will buy skimmed 

 cheese at fifty cents per box this season. I 

 Ihink lliat should lie ai-j;uuicnl cn(uij;h to pre- 

 Nriil its manufacture. 



Now, I uri;(^ ftirther, that tine full cream 

 elici se lie made, so that the home trade can lie 

 increased, and it can not be otherwise. If 

 |iossilile, and it is in many sections, make an 

 ailicle so good that yon can sell it to your 

 iiri^hhors or to local points, and tliereby save 

 ticij^hts, commission and loss from exposure 

 ill transportation. I conversed recently with 

 a L;cntlcniaii who started a cheese factory in 

 liidiana a year or two asjo, and by makiiif; a 

 line article he succeeded in sellins every pound 

 at home, realizing one cent per gallon to his 

 iiatrons above tlio average price for milk. 

 This can be done in thousands of places in the 

 Iiiited States, and it is what I recommend. 

 The following, from an address of lion. Harris 

 Lewis, of New York State, illustrates what I 

 mean : 



"I have in mind two lots of cheese pur- 

 chased for the retail trade, one of which con- 

 tained (i4 cheese and was all retailed out in 

 . the village of Illioii w'ithin the short sjiace of 

 three weeks from the lime the first one was cut. 

 The other lot consisted of five cheese, one 

 of which lasted the villagers of Frankfort all 

 winter, and tlie place of the sepulture of the 

 other four cheese no man knoweth unto this 



(l:iy. 



"By letter to and conversation with a great 

 II Liny retail dealers in butter and cheese, I 

 have asked the question, 'what are your rela- 

 tive sales of good and poor butter and cheese?' 

 These men, from practical experience, (some 

 of it bitter), have answered all the way from 

 one to four, and from (uie to twenty. They 

 all afiirm that the difference in the consump- 

 t inn between good and poor cheese is much 

 greater than between good and poor Initter. " 



Practice the same with your butter. Sell it 

 Ml home whenever you can. The dealers in 

 all parts of the country who have worn them- 

 selves out and sacrificed tlieir capital in 

 handling the product deserve success, and I 

 reiomraend to them careful selection of goods, 

 speedy disposition of their purchases, and 

 h'lme sales and home markets to as large an 

 extent as possible. The risks to both shipper 

 and receiver must be lessened the business 

 (I inducted more safely, economically and in- 

 telligently ; so that the ju'oducer, shipper and 

 receiver may realize better results from their 

 toil and investments. The time for guess 

 \\ I 'rk, blundering and rascality in handling 

 dairy lu'oduce has gone by, and the business 

 nuisi be conducted up'on int<dligent business 

 juinciples hereafter, and with the production 

 of tine goods, [n'oper understanding and rela- 

 tionship between jirodncer, shi]iper and re- 

 ceiver, the dairy interest will outrank every 

 "llier in this glorious eoimtry, so surely as 

 tn -morrow's sun will rise. 



THE STATE MILLERS' ASSOCIATION. 



The movenu'iit for tlie ori^anizatioii of tlie IVnn- 

 s\lvani.a Millers' .Tssociation was inaiiiruratcd at a 

 |inlimiiiary meotiii:.' Ui'l<l at tlic Central Hotel, Sun- 

 Inny, .Idiiuary Stli. In response to a resolution 

 ;i'lepted at ttic meeting:, a treneral convention of 

 Miillers was lield at tlie Loeliiel Hotel, Harristiuri;, 

 .January 2L'(i. This meetinix was larixely attended, 

 leirmonions in its .action, and r<'sulted in tlie perma- 

 iieut oriianization of tlie .Millers' 8tate Association. 

 jA second meetinq; of tlie assoeiation was lield at 

 [ Harrisliurij, on Tuesday, A]>ril tltli, and at that time 

 tlie ofiiccrs reported that the orjjanization was well 

 '^Mblishcd and enjoyins excellent prosperity. The 

 asMieiution has already attained a very large mem- 

 t" rshiji, and 



Its Wholesome Influence and Power 

 lias begun to manifest itself in various important 

 ways, in tlie Hour milling distriels of the .State, 

 " iiicti are principally loeateil in Lancaster, Coluni- 

 I'ia, York, Dauphin, Franklin, Montour, Lebanon, 

 i Luzerne, Lyeoming, Snyder, Northumberland, 

 Schuylkill, Clinton, Berks and Lehigh counties. 

 The association emiiraccs in its mcmliershii) the most 

 prominent, wealthy and influential merchant millers 

 in PeuBsylvania, who represent millions of capital 



and whose millB furnish employment to a largo 

 number of workmen. This combiiiallon of miller* 

 is destined t,o correct, and eventually remove, many 

 evils that liave jeopaniizcd the tlour milling interest 

 of the Slate for some years, and every frii'iid of the 

 tlonr manufacturing trade, who is not already a 

 member of the organization, should liecome con- 

 nected with it. Millers' associations have existed in 

 the western States for some time past, and have 

 proved of 



Incalculable Value in Protection 



to the miller and tlie milling interest, and the origi- 

 nators of the Pennsylvania Stale Millers' Assoeiation 

 can contidently look foiward to having the same 

 beiieflcial results attend the organization they were 

 instrumental in conceiving and successfully estab- 

 lishing. That the Hour manufacturers have sutfered 

 a great deal of unnecessary and unjust freight dis- 

 criminations is undeniable, and this being one of the 

 chief blocks to what should lie a more profitable 

 business than it is — the flour trade — it behooves all 

 lovers of jusliee, square dealings, fair profils and 

 " home trade," to liear a strong and willing hand in 

 the elevation of the Pennsylvania State Millers' As- 

 sociation, which must become, in a comparatively 

 short time, a powerful and active lever to the milling 

 industry of the State. 



In calling the attention of the Pennsylvania mill- 

 ers to the features of the association, and the liene- 

 fits to be derived therefrom by becoming a member, 

 the secretary, A. Z. Schoch, of Selinsgrove, In his 

 circular says : 



Features of the Association. 



"The disadvantages under which Pennsylvania 

 millers have been laboring, in consequence of the un- 

 just discriminations in freights tiy the various carry- 

 ing companies favoring western millers, has been 

 severely felt for a number of years, so seriously, in- 

 deed, in many sections as to almost paralyze that 

 branch of industry in the State. 



" To correct, if possible, this disastrous state of 

 affairs, to eOectually combat with patent right 

 swindlers, as well as to promote the milling interests 

 generally, it has been found a vital necessity to com- 

 bine the efforts of all interested to attain these ends. 

 The efforts made to accomplish the ends and secure 

 necessary reforms will be unselfishly devoted to 

 further the best interests of all, carefully avoiding 

 any measures that might inure to the advantage of 

 one section and he to the detriment of another. 

 These ends can be accomplished only by effectual 

 organization and earnest co-operation. You are, 

 therefore, respectfully appealed to join in this under- 

 taking, by becoming a member, and giving your 

 advice and aid. It is hoped that you will not permit 

 others, unaided by you, to devote their ctTorts to a 

 work of which, if accomplished, you will enjoy the 

 same benefits. 



" The hearty, persevering efforts of the millers, 

 generally, in this cause, cannot fail to exert a power 

 and influence tliat will be respected and accomplish 

 general good. It is sincerely hoped that you will 

 appreciate the importance of the undertaking, be 

 ready and willing to give it your support, and not 

 delay in becoming a member. Send your name to 

 the Secretary and have it enrolled. Membership fee 

 three (8'J) dollars." 



The Officers. 



The ofKcere of the Pennsylvania Millers' State 

 Association are: President, Clias. A. Miner, Wilkcs- 

 Barre ; First Vice President, M. S. Stine, Pottsville ; 

 Second Vice President, J. W. Shriner, Lewisbnrg; 

 Secretary and Treasurer, A. Z. Schoch, Selins- 

 grove. 



Executive Committee: E. A. Hancock, Wilkes- 

 Barre ; John McFarlan, Watsontown ; N. C. Freck, 

 .Millersburg ; Thomas Saeger, Allentown ; D. Shotl", 

 Tamaqua ; and the President and Secretary ex-offlcio. 

 The regular semi-annual meeting of the association 

 will be held at Reading on the second Tuesday of 

 ■Inly. The merchant millers generally thr.nighout 

 the State are invited to be present at the conference. 



^ 



OUR LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. 



Proceedings of the Lancaster County Agricul- 

 tural and Horticultural Society. 

 The Lancaster County Agricultural and Horticul- 

 tural Society met Monday afternoon, .May (ilh, in tlie 

 room lately occupied liy the Liniuxan Society — the 

 third story of the city hall. 



The following members and visitors were present : 

 Calvin Cooper, president, Bird-in-IIand ; J. II. 

 Witmer, secretary. Paradise ; Levi W. (irotf, treasu- 

 rer, West Earl; II. M. Engle, Marietta: Henry Kurtz, 

 Mount Joy: Peter lliller, Conestoga: W. II. Brosius, 

 Drumore; S. P. Eby, city: A. B. Groff, West Earl; 

 Hostetter, Eden; Wni. .McComsey, city; Jacob 



B. Oarber, Columliia; Jacob Bollinger, Warwick; J. 



C. Linvillc, Salisbury; Casper lliller, Conestoga; J. 

 ti. Kush, Willow Street; John Miller, Oregon; Syl- 

 vester Kennedy, Salisbury ; .lohnson Miller, War- 

 wick; C. L. Uunsecker, Maidieim; P. S. Keist, Man- 

 lieim; Levi S. Keist, Manheim. 



Crop reports being called for, Casper Hiller, of 



Conestoga, said the fruit crop Is not promising ; 

 cherries will be scare: apples average. "There has 

 been no rain in his district for a month, 



J. C. I.inville, of .Salisbury, rciiorted grain looklncf 

 well: the apfilc crop will lie half an average; so will 

 pears; cherries scare. There was a heavy ruin and 

 hail storm on Sunilay, which washed and "otherwlso 

 injured some llelds. Three Inches of rain fell In 

 three quarters of an hour. 



Henry Kurtz, of Mount Joy, eald wheat and 

 grass look well, but the wheat is too heavy to stand 

 up— some has already gone down, Imt the croji will 

 be good. Pears look well. 



Henry M. Engle, of .Marietta, had nothing new to 

 report, things arc growing a little too rank. The 

 fruit crop isdroppiiig otf somewhat; cherries will he 

 scarce. The rainfall for the month of April, .'i :5-10 

 iiiehes. 



Martin Kcndig, of Manor said the rainfall at his 

 place during the past month had been :i 4-I(Mnehes. 

 (iraps, wheal and ero|is generally look very promis- 

 ing, though the wheal is perhaps growing too rank; 

 pears, peaches and cherries are thinly set; corn plant- 

 ing is about one-half dune; every kind of vegetation 

 is from ten days to two weeks earlier than usual. 



W. H. Brosius, of Drumori', saiii thai .Mr. Ken- 

 dig's report will answer very well for his section of 

 the county also. 



Jacob Bollinger, of Warwick, reported all kinds of 

 growing crops favorable. 



H. .M. Engle said he might, perhaps, be allowed to 

 s.ay that Marietta Ibis spring has -the biggest crop of 

 lumber she has had for many years. 



Mr. Engle read the following essay : 



Best Time to Cut Grass for Hay. 



Grass is grass and hay is hay, in the general ac- 

 ceptation of the terms, and farmers and others gen- 

 erally value them as such. Of course, there arc 

 timothy, clover, meadow and mixed hay, which are 

 valued according to the opinion or faneyof the feed- 

 er. The purchaser after ascertaining what kind of 

 hay asks no other question, except, may be, whether 

 il was made without rain. At what period of growth 

 the grass was cut, is hardly a consideration. In vicwr 

 of such apathy, the object of the farmer Is to procure 

 the greatest bulk of hay possilile, consequently he 

 delays the cutting of grass unlil the wheat harvest 

 causes him to bestir himself with his hay crop. To 

 the above rule there are exceptions of course; for 

 some farmers commence early, simply to be ahead 

 of their neighbors ; others for the purjiose of having 

 more time in order to avoid the expense of hired 

 labor ; but only the very few who take into conside- 

 ration at what period of growth the grasses contain 

 their greatest amount of nutritive elements. 



Chemical analysis may be the most accurate test 

 of the respective elements contained in plants, but 

 yet not strictly correct when applied to the animal 

 economy, as the object sought should be the period 

 when the plant contains the largest amount of avail- 

 able nutriment. Such knowledge can easily he ob- 

 tained by any farmer or dairyman, snilicicntly accu- 

 rate for practical purposes, by weighing the milk or 

 liutter, or both, during the pasturing season. Any 

 ordinary observer knows that the greatest flow of 

 milk is (in clover pasture) when the clover Is In full 

 bloom and before the heads turn brown. At that 

 period we find the sacs in which the seed is formed 

 contain a substance sweet as honey, and which 

 changes rapidly and is entirely absent when the 

 blossoms turn brown ; then the greatest flow of milk 

 for the season is over. This is, of course, always 

 modilied by the weather, as all pastures arc richer In 

 nutriment in dry than in wet weather, for clover Is 

 possibly more atfected than most other gra.sses. 

 That there Is a period when all grasses respectively 

 contain their greatest amount of available nutriment, 

 there is no doubt, but there is quite a dilference of 

 opinion among praclical men on this point. The 

 great majority would not cut timothy until after It 

 has bloomed, claiming that to cut il while In bloom 

 it makes ilusty hay, and to cut it before that period 

 It loses both in weight and nutritive powers. Some 

 will even let it get so ripe as to make tolerable seed, 

 and claim that the hay Is just about as good as when 

 cut earlier. 



I do not see why such an erroneous notion should 

 be so common, that horses ami cattle will at times 

 eat such hay ami even straw in preference to the 

 best feed placed into their mangers ; but this proves 

 nothing in favor of such hay or straw as regular 

 provender, but simply that a change of feed is re- 

 quired for a brief period. Horses sometimes eat up 

 their racks and mangers, but this tiy no means 

 proves that they would flourish a great while on ex- 

 clusively such food. It Is not denied that all grasses 

 will make a larger bulk of hay, if ripe when cut, 

 than if cut when more tender, but the difference in 

 weight (if any) is very little compared with the dif- 

 ference in bulk, while the latter Is as much superior 

 as hay as it had lieen for pasture or soiling. This 

 applies emphatically to milk cows. Not only will 

 they give more milk from hay made from tender 

 grass, but the butter will be higher colored. We 

 often hear the argument that grasses are more diffi- 

 cult to cure for hay when cut In an unripe state, 

 which is not denied, but is held as a strong argument 

 that they should be cut for hay before the rich juice* 



