18-S.J 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



-123 



present there is no doubt it would be best for 

 the fUrnicr to sell his suiiilus suf;ar not n(M'd(>(l 

 for home consuinptidn ; or, it' relincd is 

 wanted, lie eaii sell his brown sugar and buy 

 relined, as the farmer now sells his wheat and 

 buys Ills llour, or has it manufactured for him 

 at the mill. 



In the future, as tlio business grows, tla; 

 present relineries will not be able to reline all 

 the brown sugar iimdueed here, and then 

 there will be no difliculty in getting the eai)ital 

 and skilled labor lo start other relineries in 

 locations best adapted for them, or to enlarge 

 the producing capacities of the iii-esent ones ; 

 time and circumstances will regulate this. 



1,IHI() n)s. beets contain ISl lbs. dry sub- 

 stance, l.()() nitrogen, 7.10 ashes, .''.ill 4 Jiot- 

 ash, U.:i7'.t lime, 0.")3('> magnesia, 0.7.SI) phos. 

 acid. In manufacturing, these elements are 

 distributed as follows : 



d, s. nit. rt«/ic«. pnt. tijiit. mai/^it. arid. 



Tops and lioUoms 19 0.24 l.l.'i U.:i3l", (l.llis o l;i ; 0.144 



Fibre 40 0.44 1.71 0.5H.'"> II.S'.ID Olllll 5.ir,.5 



Refuse 24 0.611 1.20 0.3SI1 8.fi40 0.2r.O O.:W0 



MohiBBCs 2.') 0.32 2.47 1.741 0,141 0.0(J'J U.(I15 



Sufar S6 0.57 0.872 0.040 0.1172 



"Bleizuckcr" well states, " If farmers and 

 others interested can be incited to investigate 

 for themselves the real facts in regard to 

 raising sugar beets and the manufacture of 

 sugar from them, much goodwill be accom- 

 plished." The estimated quantity of the 

 sugar supply of the commercial world in l.S7r) 

 was 2,UU,U00 tons cane sugar, and l,817,02:i 

 tons beet-root sugar, of which France pro- 

 duced of this last 4()2,'259 tons, as against 

 4,405 tons in 1S28. The consumption of sugar 

 iu the United States is about 7UO,()0U tons jier 

 annum, of which we now produce — cane 

 sugar, 100,000 tons, and beet-root sugar, 1,000 

 tous, and there is no reason why the last can- 

 not be increased to the quantity we require, 

 if the farmers will raise tite beets. The present 

 cider mills and cheese factories could add to 

 their present machinery the pans or presses, 

 as required, and by co-operation on this, as in 

 regard to other products, we can iirodiice 

 priijitahly all the sugar we need. This will 

 bring the business of sugar-making within the 

 reach of small farmers, and is of vast im- 

 portance. The notion prevails, that to make 

 sugar prolitalily it must l)e made extensively. 

 This is certainly erroneous ; and the sooner 

 this illusion is dispelled the sooner we will 

 begin to realize the productive resources of 

 our lands, and employ our now idle laborers on 

 a very remunerative crop now grown to a 

 very limited extent. 



Ill the last 100 years great progress lias 

 be.en made in all branches of manufacture, 

 and it ajiplies to sugar as well as other arti- 

 cles. We can profit by the past, but need to 

 look forward to the future. — Andrnell. Ward, 

 in Briilycwater (Mass.) Independent, of May. 



COST OF COWS' MILK. 



To know the cost of milk there must first 

 be known the cost of the food for tlie cow. 

 Hay and grass are the iniiicipal articles of 

 food; and iwo acres of land should be sulli- 

 cient to pasture a cow during the .season. 

 Estimating the value of this land at $2.") per 

 acre, the interest and taxes would not amount 

 to more than $2 per acre— lieiiig S4 for the 

 two acres — and there should be added $5 an- 

 nually for fertilizer to restore the di^idetion of 

 the soil, making SIO for the two acres; this,, 

 with the amount for interest and taxes, $4, 

 makes f 14 for the season of pasturage. ITnder 

 this treatment the pasture will constantly in- 

 crease in value, and be ami)ly sulficient, 

 whereas, under the system now generally 

 adopted i>astures decrea.se in value, linally 

 running into moss, reciuiring so much land to 

 pasture a cow that, with the effort and time 

 to obtain their food, it keeps them barely in 

 condition, and a small surplus only to go to 

 milk, and the land is finally of no value as a 

 pasture. 



Mowing lands may be estimated at $->0 per 

 acre, and proper care and attention will yield 

 two tons of hay per acre, whidi is sullicient 

 to keep a cow during the winter ; for interest 

 and taxes say $4, fertilizer io, cutting, curing 



and getting hay to barn S.'i i)er ton, making 

 in all SIT); for grain and bran, and it is an 

 advantage to feed .some, add ^10. Kools in 

 winter are a very beiiclicial foml and keep the 

 system in belter condition than oii dry food 

 alone, and they iiii-rea.se tint supply of milk. 



Sugar beet Jiulp or pomace is (upially as 

 good as Hut whole beet. The licet jni(t(! can 

 be used tor making vinegar, treated the .same 

 as cider now is, or by treating the juice the 

 same as niapht .sap is, it will produce, a good 

 article of brown sugar. 1,000 lbs. sugar beitts 

 will make 8 lbs. sugar and .'tO lbs. molasses, 

 only lit for distilling purposes or fo(Kl for 

 stock, and th<'y are especially foiHl of it. As 

 rennineralion for time and care bestowed on 

 the cow, the manure will nearly if not quite 

 compensate, and if she is warmly stabled in 

 winter, having good viMitilalion, |irolierly and 

 regularly fed and watered, kejit clean and 

 treate<l kindly, slii' will be a jiiior cow, and 

 should be sold for beef, that will not give full 

 .'J,tKK) (jts. milk per annum, which will be di- 

 vide<l in iiroportion something as follows: 

 First month, 430 qts. ; 2nd, 4:!0 ; :!rd '.ir>'> ; 4tli, 

 ■.m ; 5tli, .'i^J; tub, ;!12; 7lli, 150; 8th, 150; 

 Oth, 150; loth, 1.50; lllli, 112; 12th, 112; in 

 all, ;!,000 (jts. milk, 32| ounces each, 0,422 

 pounds. 



The value of the calf may be estimated at 

 five dollars, and if farmers would have only 

 full blood stock, or high grades, and they can 

 gradually work to this end, by only using fnll 

 blood bidls, the value of their stock would be 

 enhanced and the iiuantity of milk increased 

 by the improvement in the stock. 



From the above we arrive at the following 

 summary : 



cow DEBIT. 



Cost of pasture for cow, - - - $14 



Cost of liay for cow, . . . . 1,", 



Cost of grain and shorts for'cow, - 10 



cow ORKDTT. 



3,000 qts. milk at cost, l.l:!4c, 



or 

 6,422 pounds milk, at 5..'!0c, 

 Calf, 



$30 



- $34 



- 5 



$3!) 

 Care and time equals value of manure. 

 It recpiires to make one pound of cheese 

 about 10 ])ounds of milk. At 0.53 cents a 

 l)ound it is 5.;iO cents. Add, for manufactur- 

 ing, 2 cents a ]iound, which makes the cost of 

 cheese 7.30 cents a pound. 25 lbs. milk, for 

 pound butter (milk from Jersey cows does not 

 require so much as t-liis,) at 0.53 is l:i.25 cents. 

 Add, for manufacturing, etc., 4 cents a pound, 

 which makes the cost of the butter 17.35 cents 

 ]iouiid. The whey from the manufacture of 

 cheese and the skimmed an<l buttermilk from 

 the manufacture of butter have not been de- 

 ducted, and would reduce the cost to the ex- 

 tent of their value ; this is nominal on 

 ac<;ouiit of the limited demand. Skimmed 

 milk is a valuable article, but not duly ap- 

 preciated. It could be u.sed prolilably to a 

 much larger extent than it now is. Milk pro- 

 ducers can put their milk into butter to good 

 advantage if they can utilize the skimmed and 

 buttermilk, and this can be done by replacing 

 the butter withdrawn with oleomargarine and 

 converting it into cheese, and it will be fully 

 ecpial to full milk chee.se, and well manufac- 

 tured cannot be distinguished from it. Oleo- 

 margarine is now an article of commerce, and 

 the dairy intttrest cannot .shut their eyes to 

 the fact, and have got to meet itscoinpetition; 

 and no low grade or comm<in butter can do 

 so. It is only butter made from the best of 

 milk and skillfully manufactured that is 

 superior to \l.—Atnheio II. Ward, Bridije- 

 waler, July ijlh, 1878. 



Wk would request all subscribers of TiiK 

 Faumek to consult the yellow slip on their 

 paper to see how you stand, as we are very 

 much in need of inoney to pay the jirinter. If 

 the label indicate .Ian. 78 then you arc paid up 

 to .Ian. 1878, but should it be Jan. 7() or 77 

 then you owe 1 or 2 years as the case may be. 



OUR LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. 



Proceedings of the Lancaster County Agricul- 

 tural and Horticultural Society. 



Till' nciiliir iiKiiillily nipctliii; iif llic A(;rliiiltiirnl 

 anil Horticultural .Siilply wa» licM on Monilay 

 aricrnoun, Aui.'U8l .'illi, in tlii'lr r(Miine In City Hall. 



Tlic follimhi); nu'inlxTs ami viiiilors were |>rri<r'iit : 

 t'alvln t'ooixT, (rrchldcnl,) Hlnl-in-llanil ; .los.pli 

 K. Wilmcr, I'arailisc ; II. M. Kn^-lr, Marlilla; I'.tir 

 S. li.isl, billz; CaK|K-r illllir, CcjucKloua ; .M. I). 

 Krnili;;, Manor; Levi S. iteinl, ManlicHni; A. II. 

 (iron, VV«Bl Karl ; .larob Hollin:;i-r, \Var» iik ; <'. M. 

 Hosliltcr, Kili'ti ; Dr. ». .•<. KalliTon, <lly ; |)anii>l 

 Snicvcli, I'llv ; Kpliriilni llooviT, .Manlnlin ; .1. K. 

 Krucauir, Cyluniliia ; .].C. Linvlllr, .SallRlmry ; .1. II. 

 lIcrRliiy, Kaht, ll(nii>lli-lil ; J. .\I. .lolinBlon, <ily ; 

 ('lartt Carpcnicr, cily ; .lohii .M. r^lrlunun, Kant 

 Iltinpnclil ; Ihrail L. I.an.lis, Manli<iin : W. b. 

 Ilcr.shcy, Wihl Ilinipllilil : .loljii linnly, Mlli.rBvilli' ; 

 S. 1'. Kliy, city; A. .M. Ilo«k'lltr, Ori-ffon ; Jnaac 

 Hu^llone, Upper beai-ock ; Henry Krli, Munliuini ; 

 .laifil) H. Horshcv, Silver Sprint:; Horace Kiiicic, 

 Done-al ; William T. Worlii, illy ; William (irltnl, 

 lily ; K. IC. Dillcii.lirllir, i-lly. 



'I'lic Boiifty was called to order by the President, 

 Calvin Cooper. 



f)n motion of H. M. Engle the reading of the 

 minuteB was dispensed with. 



Report of Committee. 



8. r. Khy,*aB elialrman of the eonimittce on place 

 of nioi-lin;;, reported that although no agreement has 

 yet teen sisined lor their present iiuarlers, there will 

 he liodillieulty about the matter. 



Reports of Standing Committees. 



.I.e. I.iiivllle, of Salisbury, said tliey had liarvPBlod 

 fine crops of wheat and frraPB ; the tol»aceo crop is 

 not very good ; corn will be half a crop, and so will 

 a[iploe. 



M. D. Keiidii;, of Manor, Bald the wheat crop was 

 very larf;e ; corn and lobaeeo arc siilleriiii; from 

 drouth ; jrrapes lool< well ; ;^rasB looks [wMirly ; apples 

 are ilroppinj; from the trees. Kain fall lu Manor for 

 .July 1 :i-H) inches. 



li. M. EiiL'le reported the rain fall In his district, 

 .M;irietta, at 2',, inches for the month of July. 



1). Smeycli reported the pear crop in thlB city ns 

 p:ood ; the peaches are also pretty good, and bo arc 

 Kiapcs. lie applied lineecd oil to llircc [icach trees 

 and all three were killed. 



Casper i I iiler said pure linseed oil won't hurl trees, 

 as he has often diseoveied by experience; It is the 

 adulterated article that does the harm. 



Mr. Smeych said oils that have scum on the top 

 will kill trees beyond a doubt. 



I'rof. Ilei^res has tried oil on trees and has derived 

 much liciiefit rroiii it. He has analyzed oils of laic 

 and find tlialthey contain a larce ciuanllty of litharge 

 ami also of acetate of lead ; these are jM^JBons. (let 

 tniboik'd oil and no harm will result. I'liat is the 

 whole source of the trouble — boiled oil. 



Levi W. (; roll made the followinir crop report: 

 Wheat is a good ero]); corn is poor ; there has been 

 too much Iieat and not enough rain ; no tmubic with 

 the potato bui^s ; (jrass is badly in need of rain. 



Levi S. iieist thought all the eropB had come out 

 viry well so far, except corn. There is an opinion 

 no iiail falls at niirht, but a hail storm on Thursday 

 uiirht destroyed much corn and tobacco in Manheim 

 towiiRbii). No amount of rain will now make a full 

 crop of corn ; it is too late for that. 



The Committee on Nomenclature m.tde the follow- 

 inir rejiort on tlie Lanenslrr cherry : 



An .iccidental seedlinc, fruited by Daniel Smeych, 

 of Lancaster. One of the finest clicrricB tlial has 

 come under our observation. .Size larye ; color red; 

 slifihtly acid ; of first quality. Tree vi),'orous and 

 very i>roduclive, anil especially valuable on account 

 of ilie succcBsive ripening of its fruit . Mr. Smeych 

 says It was iu good eating condition for four weeks. 



Lkvi S. UrisT, 

 Casi'KK Hii.i.ek, 

 H. .M. Kxoi.K, 

 M. D. Kf.nhio. 



H. M. F.nirle enrrocled an error that appeared in 

 his article on wheal, published a month ago. 



The rules were tlicn suBpended for the time iK-inij, 

 lo liear the lecture annimncci! lo l>e deilvcrnd liy 

 I'rof. 8. n. HclKCSiOf York. His lecture was cnlitled, 



The Comparative Exhaustive Powers of the 

 Cereals. 



The profes.sor's leelurc was delivered extempore, 

 he usini; neither manUBcripl nor notes. Beini; to some 

 extent technical and lllled with scienlinc terms it 

 was dillicult lo rei>ort. We fi'ar our readers will c<-t 

 but a poor idea of what it really was. Those who 

 heard it learned many Ihintrs they never knew licforc. 



He bciran by slaliiii.' that many of the sayings of 

 the old farmers Imve been found to be scientifically 

 correct, and he woidd jirovc some of them lo iMt bo. 

 lie would illuslrale his leelurc by a new process. He 

 would chari.'e an acre witli SM to begin with, and 

 would then sow it with either wheat, corn or oats, 

 and would show how much of each grain would 

 have to be produced to pay for the sum charged 



