1878.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



183 



Muriate of Potash, ^0 per cent., 



Sulphate of Soda, 



Laud Plaster, ... 



150 11)8. 



til) " 



;;oo " 



sr>() •• 



No. 20. Ci.ovEU.— Two tons (Cured) over natural 



yield. 

 Muriate of Potash, «0 per cent., . . 175 H>s. 

 Sulphate of Ammonia, 25 per cent., . . "50 " 



(iround Bones, 100 " 



Oil of Vitriol, fiOO, 40 " 



Sulphate of Soda, .S5 " 



Land Plaster • . 1.50 " 



750 " 

 No. 21. Foi>Di:u Coitx. — For 10 tons (Green) over 



natural yield. 

 Muriate of Potash, SO per cent., . . 175 lbs. 

 Sulphate of Ammonia, 25 per cent., . . 175 " 



(iround Bones, 100 " 



Oil of Vitriol, (jfiO, , . . . . 40 " 

 Land Plaster, 110 " 



0(10 " 

 No. 22. FoDDEB Ryu.— For 3 tons (Green) over 



natural vield. 

 Muriate of Potash, HO per cent., . . 00 Ihs. 

 Sulphiite of -Ammonia, 25 per cent., . . 100 " 

 (iround Bones, ..... 75 " 



Oil of Vitriol, (KiO :>0 " 



Sulphate of Soda, 45 " 



Laud Plaster, 100 " 



500 " 

 Remarks. 



Chemical raiinures should be spi'ead as regti- 

 larly as possible, at once aftei- tlie la.st plow- 

 ing, broadcast, and follow li}' a careful tiar- 

 rowiujj, tlitit they may be tlioroughly mixed 

 witli the soil. If the spreadiiip; be done by 

 hand, it will be more evenly performed if the 

 . manure be mixed with its own bulk of fine 

 dry ctirth. 



WiiE.VT. — After a severe winter, or one in 

 whicli but little snow has fallen, wheat is 2;en- 

 erally much enfeebled. Willi 12.") lbs. sulphate 

 of annnonia, or l.'Mllbs. iiitr;ite of soda, mixed 

 with loU His. land plaster, to be used as a top 

 dressing for one acre, as early in ISIarch as 

 practical)le, the field will be changed in a few 

 days from its sickly appearance to a healthy 

 slate, and the crop insured. The effect of 

 such top-dre.-ising is (juile marked. It is im- 

 portant, however, not to ai'ply this top-dress- 

 ing later, in this latitude, th;tii April 1st, as 

 its ejl'ect might then be (o liasteii the growth 

 so much tliat straw would preponderate and 

 the grain not be plump or plentiful. 



Gkapevinss. — The pro]ier method of ap- 

 plication is to tiike half i)f the manure and 

 spread it in a band V2 inches wide, and 8 

 inches distiint from the rows of vines ; this 

 manure is then buried with a spade. The 

 •other half should be spread at the surface of 

 the ploughed ground. Always manure grape- 

 vines in the fall of the year. 



Barnyard manure m;iy be used in conjunc- 

 tion with chemiciil manures, if desired ; and 

 when so used our recipes rnay be reduced in 

 amount one-half. Plough tinder, deep, the 

 barnyard manure, iind sjiread over the surface 

 the chemical fertilizers f(//cr the hist ploughing. 



The prei)iiration of chemical manures, 

 made by the foregoing recipes, is a very simjile 

 process. Any person may, by following the 

 instructions here laid down, m;inufacture his 

 own fertilizers without dillicnlty. 



To di.ssolve bones, sulphuric iicid shotdd be 

 used, as it is the most powerful economical 

 means for that end. When the ;icid reaches the 

 bones the mass elfervesces, boils up and be- 

 comes warm, the sulphuric acid taking tiway 

 two-thirds of the lime of the bone from tlie 

 phosiihuric ai-id, which remains united with 

 the other third, forming a stiplier-iihosphate, 

 which substance is jierfectly soluble in w;iter, 

 and is called .soluble iihosphale. One hun- 

 dred pounds of ground r;iw bones require 

 forty pounds of sulphuric acid (oil vitriol). 



If calcined bones (bone-blackl be the ma- 

 terial used, every hundred pouu<ls will require 

 eighty-six pounds of oil vitriol ; if steamed 

 bones are used sixty-six iioundsof oil of vitriol 

 will be required for tlieir reduction. 

 Directions for Mixing. 



The usual mode is to select a tight floor in 

 II barn, or to make a box, eight or ten feet 



long by six wide, of in(;h boards. Take the 

 bones, and if not ground fine sift them and 

 ])lace only the coiirser p;-.rt on the floor, or in 

 the box, reserving the line Ijone for mixing in 

 afterward ;is a dryer. Only the coiirse bone 

 should come itito direct contact witli the oil 

 of vitriol. Water, eipitil to about one-fourth 

 the weight of tlu> coarse bones, is first to be 

 poured on the liou.s. ;ind be Well stirred in 

 with a spade or hoe, and left for two or three 

 days to lieat and ferment. After the bones 

 have fermented (and not until tlicn) add the 

 oil of vitriol, at the rate of 40 Itis. to 

 each 100 ths. of boiK^s, stirring well with a 

 v'oodni spade, or boiird, until tlie mass stops 

 boiling. Stir twice a diiy, thorouglily, for two 

 days, and then hit the whole stand for two 

 days ; after whicli the line bone may be ad- 

 ded to dry up the moisture. If these jirove 

 insullieient use some absoiliing substance, as 

 saw-dust, dry jieat or muck, or line dry earth, 

 in small qinintities, and mix in well. Do not 

 use for this purpose lime, ;isbes or marl, its 

 they would destroy the superphosphate and 

 spoil the whole work: 



When the dissolved bones have become per- 

 fectly dry — and not before it is so — add tlio 

 other substances which are to compose the 

 fertilizer, one at time, stirrring each in 

 thoroughly, in its turn, witli the bones, re- 

 serving the land Jilaster to be worked in as 

 the last tiling. Chemical manures, when not 

 intended for immediate use, should be barrel- 

 ed up and kept in a dry place. 



THE GKRMANTOWN TELEGRAPH'S 

 REVISED FRUIT LIST. 



Since the last publication of our fruit list 

 we have, for .satisfactory reasons, changed 

 our o|)iuioii with respect to a few of the fruits 

 which it contained. But in regiird to tlie list 

 as a whole we can see no just grounds 

 for disturbing it. Indeed, we do not see how 

 it can be improved for this section of the 

 country, or as a general list for all the Middle 

 States. Some of each of the separate selec- 

 tions may not do well upon one premises that 

 will succeed admirably on ;inotlier. Each 

 grower must find out for himself the particu- 

 hir iipples, pears, &c., especially iidiipted for 

 his soil and location. 



According to our jiresent preference we 

 shotdd select the following for our own plant- 

 ing : 



Standard Pears. — 1, GifTard ; 2, Early 

 Catharine ; 8, Kirtland ; 4, Bloodgood ; 5, 

 Summer Julienne ; 0, Tvson ; 7. Brandy wine ; 

 8, Bartlett ; 0, Belle Lucrative ; 10, Man- 

 ning's Elizabeth ; 11, Seckel ; 12, Howell ; 1:5, 

 Anjou ; 14, Shelden ; 1."), St. Ghislan ; 10, 

 Rtitter ; 17, Lawrence ; 18, Reading. 



For those who nw}- desire ;i smaller number 

 we should select : 1, Giflard ; 2, Etirly Catha- 

 rine ; .3, Bloodgood ; 4, Tyson ; .5, Bartlett ; 0, 

 Belle Lu -rative ; 7, Seckel ; 8, Lawrence ; II, 

 Retiding. They ripen iii the order they are 

 arranged. 



In the above general list, from No. 1 to 8 

 are summer varieties ; from to 10 autumn 

 (early and late) ; and 17 and 18 winter, thus 

 atl'ording a snlHcient number for each of the 

 periods of the best known .sorts for this 

 region. We have dropped Doyenne d'Ete, 

 Buffam, Boussock and Feaster, tis not coming 

 up to the mark of excellence or productive- 

 ness we iiim at. 



We liiive added St. Ghislan as an excellent 

 variety, though but little cultivated here, and 

 restored Kirtland, a good and reliable variety, 

 after ;i long trial. 



Dirnrf Pears.— 1, St. Michael d'Archange ; 

 2, Bartlett; 3. Cornice; 4, Rostiezer ; ."), Dielil; 

 0, Tvson ; 7, Belle Lucrative ; 8, Lawrence ; 

 0, Ott ; 10, Louise Bonne; 11, Boussock ; 12, 

 Glout Morceau. 



Ajqile.'!. — 1, jSIaiden's Blush; 2, Baldwin; 

 .'1, Suiokehouse ; 4. Jefferies ; 5, Smith'sCider; 

 0, Xorthern Spy ; 7, Fallawater ; 8, Cornell's 

 Fancy ; il. Red Astrachan ; 10, Wagener ; 11, 

 Porter; 12, Gravenstein. 



We add to ihe foregoing list Porter and 

 Gravenstein, both most e.xcelleut varieties. 



the latter perhaps, as it respects quality, the 

 liest .apple grown. 



/'((«7(r'.s. — 1, Crawford's Earlv ; 2, ITale's 

 Kiirly; .3, York's Early: 4. Old Mixon; 5, 

 ( niwford's Ltitc ; (i, Ward's Late ; 7, Smock's 

 Late ; 8, Siisiiuehaima. 



There is no solid reason to change this list 

 so far as it goes. We suggested to peach- 

 growers to favor us with ii list of their own, 

 and a few did, but where they dill'ered from 

 oiu's we did not deem ;in imiiroveineiit. 



Grape.'i. — 1, Telegnipli ; 2, Concord; 3, 

 Hartford ; 4, Clinton ; .'>, Salem ; G, Creveling. 



Salem has proved witli us to be excellent — 

 we think the best out-door grape, it having 

 hut little pulp ; also Rogers' 21 beiirs abun- 

 dantly, tiiid will become pojiular. No. 112 is a 

 beautiful pink giiipe, almost tiiiiispareiit, an 

 abundant bearer and very good in ipialitj'. 

 There are new varieties "in the market," but 

 we advise to keeii them at a disttince for the 

 liresent. Clinton, in tlie foregoing list, is 

 only lor wine, ;iiid is probably the very best 

 for that purpose in this section. 



(7i(rrif'.s.— 1, May Bigtirretui ; 2, Belle i\e 

 Choisv : •'!, Black Tartarian ; 4, Bliick Eagle; 

 .">, Bli'ick Hawk ; 0, Elton ; 7, Downer's Late; 

 8, Early Kichinond ; '.I, Early Puriile Guigne; 

 10, Delaware Bleeding Heart. 



The riiiening of the list will range from the 

 earliest to the latest, thus ciiriying one 

 through the whole cherry seiison. No one can 

 go ami.ss in adopting this list. 



Paspbcrrie!:. — 1, Hornet ; 2, Herstine ; 3, 

 Philadelphia; 4, Brandywine. 



The Herstine has jHoved itself to stand in 

 the front rank aiuong raspberries in quiility 

 and productiveness, but retiuires winter i>ro- 

 tection. In other respects it is not to be pre- 

 ferred to the Hornet, which is larger and the 

 (ptality quite as good, with the additional 

 tuivantages of keeiiing in liearing marUj three 

 tiiiKS longer than the Herstine. The Brandy- 

 wine as a market fruit is coming into much 

 notice. 



Slrawherrka. — 1, Cajitain .Tack ; 2, Setli 

 Boyden ; 3, Monarch of the West ; 4, Tri- 

 omphe de Gaud. 



We have dropped Ilovey's Seedling and 

 Albany Seedling, as having seen their best 

 day in this section, and stdistituted Captain 

 Jack and Seth ]5oyden. which just now are 

 high up in the public favor. As to the former 

 it is unexcelled. There ;irc several new varie- 

 ties announced, but for the present we prefer 

 to stick to our short list. 



(\(rrtints.—l. Black Xajiles ; 2, Red Dutch. 



These two Viirieties are the best among tlie 

 dilt'erent colors. The Bed Dutch is a regular 

 bearer and is of better ipiality than any other. 

 There are others larger, but they are more 

 acid. The white grape is tran.sparent, of 

 good quality, and ought to be more generally 

 grown, but it is not a gretit bearer. 



Gooseberries. — 1, Houghton ; 2, Downinfj. 

 These are the two best gooseberries grown in 

 the country. They bear every year heavy 

 crops, are free from mildew, and are of excel- 

 cellent (pmlity. They are large enough for all 

 practiciil |iurposes. Keep clear of the giants 

 and their big prices. 



Blai-h-tirrries. — 1, New Rochelle ; 2, Mis- 

 souri Cluster ; :!, Wilson's Early. 



The Snyder, a new Western blackberry, is 

 highly spoken of at distant points, but we 

 prefer to wait another 5'ear before recommend- 

 ing it. 



It is better th;tt those who intend to culti- 

 vate fruit and have to make purchases, to 

 take this list with them to the niir.sery, and 

 adhere to it as far as iiossible. 



In selecting fruit trees, or any others, be 

 careful to choose those with smooth, healthy- 

 looking biirk, and have entirely shed their 

 leaves, with plenty of small or fibrous roots. 

 Trees on which the leaves remain after frost 

 sets in, and stick to the liranches in the 

 spring, may be regarded as not healthy, and 

 in some way lacking stamina. 



[In addition to the above, or foregoing list, 

 we would recommend the Sener Peach ; 

 Schmeych's Lancaster Cherry, and Sener's 

 Holland Pippin for Lancaster county. — Ed.] 



