1879.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



longer they are fed on this milk diet the bet- 

 ter, but wlirn luim is scnn-r tlicy r:iii brconio I 

 aceustcmird to wal.T ;ill.'i- mm nil wv.ks, l.ul 

 then they must have >ou,r luiui aii.l niils. lir- ^ 

 sides li;\\', (ir \vr caiinnt iNprct llirin In llu-ivi'. 



Vkai;i,im;s. -Calves iif a year old must 

 have nnr iir twci (luarts of bran, oats or cob 

 meal, or scmutliiriL; similar to it, besides hay, 

 or they will not eonie out well. Also a little 

 salt daily— indeed all animals should have 

 salt. 



SwiXE.— Hogs arc mostly all slaughtered 

 for the pre-seiit winter ; but \vc now must earn 

 for the stock of next year or next season. 

 Young i)ii:s and shoats should have a warm 

 stable. If the iiIl; stable is imi wll rl,.se.l and 



warm put conilndder ;llniin(l il to kir]i (ilT 



the cold winds, l.ase ..nlv tlir soulh ^ide 

 open, which ^<llnuld also !„■ .'losid al iii-lil. 

 llaveideuly of slraw in llie stalilc lor the l 

 pigs to ereeji uiuIit. I"i cd tliein regularly 

 and well, bid never ovirferd them. 1 am per- 

 fectly satislied thai, some pigs are fed to death. 

 Give them as much as they will eat up readily 

 and cleanly, but not that they w'ill let .some 

 remain in" the trough untouched when you 

 come to feed again. ' Jlilk is the bi'sl food for 

 quite young pigs, indeed yoinig pigs just taken 

 from "the sow are hard to raise without milk 

 for awhile. Scald .some shiiistulf willi water, 

 then stir in the milk and a little corn and 

 oats, incretising the quantity as the pigs grow 

 older. After a few weeks the milk can be 

 omitted and the sliipstull' increased. Keep 

 them healthy, give them a little wood tishes 

 occasionally, alternated with eliareoal and a 

 little powder or sulphur. Also throw into the 

 stable some rotten wood, and some sod when 

 it can be gotten. Many farmers are dis- 

 couraged with pig raising because they arc so 

 cheap, but 1 think they make a mistake. I 

 think now is the right, time to raise them, be- 

 cause they will not remain so cheap as now. 

 Hogs change in price very often, and some 

 times very suddenly. I think next fall we can 

 get a better price for fat hogs. I have just 

 seen a letter from a hog-fcedcr in the west ; 

 he bad his hogs ready fen- mtirket but could 

 not sell them. He is, of course, discouraged 

 and says, "Kever mind, if I get rid of these 

 1 will never have another hog on my farm 

 again." He is not the only one, however, 

 that talks in thnt way. .Some people think 

 that their b.-ead must always fall with the 

 buttered side upwards or all is wrong. 

 t roui.TUY.— Feed chickens well and give 

 .j^hem a warm, dry roosting place, or they will 

 \' y no eggs the whole winter. Also, provide 

 a sheltered place on the sunny side of a fence, 

 a wall, a building or a hill, where they can 

 sit in the sunshine during the day and have 

 access to a sand bath. Feed in the morning 

 coarse corncob meal and bran mixed together 

 and moistened with boiling water, with salt, 

 as for table use. Feed in a trough and su|)ply 

 them with pure, fresh spring water, (iive 

 tliem broken oyster shells every day. In the 

 afternoon feed them with some kind of grain — 

 such as wheat screenings and corn— and if 

 they can have thick milk, cheese, or meat 

 cruinbs it will be all the better for them. An 

 onion cut fine .and mixed with their feed oc- 

 casionally ; also a little charcoal or suljihur ; 

 als.i boil.'d iMitaloes masli<-d line. Of course we 

 • In not mean lliat these articles. orth..se here- 

 after mentioned, should he fed to them at the 

 same time, but that they .should be occasional 

 and alternated ; in this way there may be a 

 change in their diet almost daily. The milk 

 and i^otatoes can he fed everv dnv if lliev arc 

 ))lentv. Tninip tops and ealib;iL,'e olVal are 

 alsoexeelleiil durin- tlie wiul.r. The tVed- 



six inches wide ; nail the edges together. This 

 will make a triangular trough. Let the ends 

 be three inches higher than the trough, and 

 nail a board flat on them al)Out as wide as the 

 n|iper angles of the trough, to prevent the 

 chickens from going in with their feet. They 

 can stand on both sides to feed and have a 

 space between the trough and the top board 

 of tlu-ee inches, plenty'wide enough to get in 

 with their heads, but they cannot get in with 



their feet. A coal bucket is a good implement 

 to put in the feed. 



I'^Aiti-Y CiiKJKEXS.— If you want early 

 chickens you must have a warm place. Some- 

 where in tlu' barn, or .somewhere where liens 

 can set : and then have food and water con- 

 vcuienl, so that Ihev will not stay too long olf 

 the nest in search of food. When the chicks 

 are hatched put them in a coop and keep them 

 in the barn or stable during cold and wet 

 weather, but on iiicc days put tliem in the 

 sunshine, where they will be protected from 

 the wind and storm. Tow.irds evening carry 

 them in the barn agiun. If persons have time 

 and patience to attend to them hens may be 

 set during this month. Early chickens always 

 demand a good price in market. Feed moist- 

 ( lied lirea<l crumbs, cheese, wheat screenings, 

 eraeked i-orn, potatoesand hard boild eggs cut 

 line.— .7. (1., Warwick, January, 1879. 



For The Lanoastek Fabmeb. 

 FRUITS AS A STANDARD ARTICLE OF 

 FOOD. 

 The vast apple crop of 1878 will, I trust, 

 have a favorable impression upon all wlio have 

 availed themselves of its salutary effects. Al- 

 though in some sections, on account of its 

 great abundance, it proved more of a burden 

 than profit, from the very low prices which it 

 brought ; while in other sections the crop was 

 either a total or partial failure. 



Jfot for many years was so large a section 

 of the country so well supplied with line 

 winter apples at such low rates as now. To 

 our present admirable railroad arrangements 

 is due the extensive distribution of this vast 

 crop. No family, over a large extent of ter- 

 ritory, however poor, is necessarily deprived 

 of a i-easonable enjoyment of one of the mo.st 

 wholesome esculents given to man. From the 

 prevailing custom of long standing, large 

 iiu.antities are consumed in lunching, or as an 

 addition to regular meals, and will continue 

 to be thus used so long as people consider 

 fruits simply as a relish, containing but little 

 if any nutriment. That it is better to eat 

 them in this way than not at all we will admit, 

 but as people learn that fruits contain as much 

 or more nutrition, in proportion to bulk and 

 cost, than many other articles of diet in com- 

 mon u.se, the demand for the former will be 

 equal to the supply, as for any other article of 

 food. 



It is now generally admitted that fruits are 

 a valuable adjunct to other food to give tone 

 to the .system ; but it has also been demon- 

 strated "by facts that they not only support 

 healthy material to build up the wastes of 

 the body, but that man can labor and endure 

 fatigue on fruit diet alone far beyond the 

 general belief in its nutritious properties. 



One striking instance among many is the 

 case of AVherryman, (his real name I have 

 f )rgotten) the great boat racer, who won his 

 great races on frint diet alone. These facts 

 have been related to me by Dr. Wood, of 

 New York, he having boarded with 'Whcrry- 

 man during the time of his exploits ; both 

 were strict vegetarians by principle and prac- 

 tice. One of the strongest evidences that the 

 human system demands fruit are the natural 

 cravings of children for it to such an extent 

 that they do not stop to examine whether it 

 is ripe or not. The serious effects which 

 often follow the excessive eating of fruit, 

 especially when unripe, does not at all prove 

 that it is injurious when eaten in proper 

 quantites as jiart of a meal. Dr. Smith, in 

 his work entitled, "Fruits and Farinacia the 

 pi-opcrfood for man," has collected such a 

 mass of evidence that should convince any 

 reasonable person that the title of his book is 

 1 not a misnomer. While eminent physiologists 

 ililTi r upon this question, it has been fully 

 diinonsi rated that man con live, and be not 

 i onl\ healthy, but can also lator and endure 

 fatigue heyond hini who uses stimulating food 

 and drinks. Could we even convince the 

 public that this theory is correct, the counter 

 arguments continue that it would not be 

 practical on account of its being more ex- 

 pensive. 



That this is an erroneous notion can easily 

 be proven by testing the variou.s leading arti- 

 cles of diet separately, keeping a con-eel ac- 

 count of the exjjenses of each. For iiislanco, 

 (irahain lloin', oatmeal, crushed btirley and 

 other cereals, wliieli need not cost more than 



average. Dne imnnd of cither cooked into 

 porridge, and live cents worth of stewed ap- 

 ples, and a pint of good milk makea i>alal:d)li', 

 healthy and invigorating bieaktii^t forti family 

 of live or six, costing not over Ihrei' cents 

 each, as neither butter nor coffee is needed to 

 relish such a meal. '■'■ Gnml ijmri'nis I''^ our 

 coffee topers will say, in amazement, " brealc- 

 fast without r';|;;.f."' Vis, linaLf„M. sneh as 

 above des(-rilied, can be leli-ln.! iiisl as much 

 asany other. Ii.\ peisnns iu a iminril euiidition 

 and with uniieixerPij api.'lihs. Ii i~. Iiow- 



il.V 



liquid of tol)aeeo, or li.pioi-. nr PVen of colTec, 

 spices and eondinients <-an fully relish sneh a 

 meal as just described. 15ut why not give the 

 children a chance to grow up heallhlblly and 

 in a more normal condi ion V iMany of the 

 aches, pains and doctors' bills would be 

 avoided by adhering to a more simi)le bill of 

 fare. Then^ is no doidit in the mind of the 

 writer that those much dreaded scourges— 

 scarkt fever, diiitheria, and eruptive diseases 

 generally, would not allliet so many families 

 were a farinacious and fruit diet, in connec- 

 tion with pure air, suhstitnted tor pork, and 

 the almniination of the frying pan abolished. 

 The fumes of the latter wouk" not be carried 

 about in the clothes of so many, to (ill the 

 olfactories of -whomsoever they meet unsup- 

 plied with such aionia. 

 But to return to the more pleasant suliject 



sumption of the apple ci-t>p of 1S7S could be 

 computed, including its hygienic cffectfH it 

 would make interesting reading, and would, 

 no doubt, tend to increased consumption of 

 all fruits throuLrhout the year. 



We are all aware how innovations upon 

 customs and habits are resisted, ridiculed and 

 frowned down of limes, so tliiit there is little 

 liope for an article like the foregoing to make 

 any serious impression niion the public mind. 

 Should it, however, interest but a few, the 

 writer will consider his elTorls not spent iu vain, 

 for according to a saying wisely applied, th.tt 

 "a little leaven leavelielli tlie whol<> lump ;" 

 although this will not fully apply to the above 

 saying, it mav, in iiart, and should it elleet no 

 more 'than simply to elicit diseiisiion. the re- 

 sults may i>i-ove more i^ratifyiiii; than we ex- 

 pect.— 7/. M. Enijk, M.mrti,', .lai,. :',, 1S7'.1. 



LETTER FROM NORTH CAROLINA. 

 SALisufKY, N. C, Jan. 2, 187!». 



Lancaster Farmer : Allow me to congratu- 

 late you in having worked your way thus far, 

 and I think under disadvantages, which I 

 hope will not be so iu the future. Having 

 entered into a new year, I hope 1S7'.I will be 

 one nt pro.'ipcritii with ;i"u in mm .sense of the 

 word, iind hope your people will support and 

 uphold it for ail time to come, both with 

 brains and means, and do not see any valid 

 reason why tliev should not. Yoiu-s is re- 

 garded the be-t agricultural couidy in the 

 Fnited States, the wealthiest peojili' upon a 

 whole, hold more CHited Slates gov.-rument 

 bonds than anv otlnn- eounty iu the Union. 

 During ls7i) 1 traveled in and through several 

 States, and now h<ie did 1 see as good horses 

 for all work: eat lie, sheep, swine and poidtry 

 of all kinds, such as is gencially raised in 

 America. Your land.s were better cidtivatcd 

 than any 1 had ever seen on this continent. 

 I do not say these things to llattcr the folks 

 of your great county, and know whereof I 

 speak. 1 will say and do all I can to promote 



