1879. 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



63 



Burns and Scalds.— Thu very beet tiling to lie 

 doue when anyone has received a burn or scald, Is to 

 lay on the part that is injured a thick coating of cot- 

 ton, wool or wadding, so as to completely exclude 

 the air. IT the above wool happens not to be at 

 hand, scraped potato or turnip will ease the pain. 



Remedy for Hoarseness.— Horseradish will 

 afford instantaneous relief in most obstinate cases of 

 hoarseness. The root, of course, possesses the most 

 virtue, though the leaves are good till they dry, when 

 they lose their strength. The root is beat when it is 

 green. The person who will use it freely just before 

 beginning to speak will not be troubled with hoarse- 

 ness. 



Eoos IN Case of Trouble.— The white of an egg 

 Is said to be specific for flsh bones sticking in the 

 throat. It is to be swallowed raw, and will carry 

 down a bone easily and certainly. There Is another 

 fact touching eggs which it will be well to remem- 

 ber. When, as~ sometimes occurs by accident, «or- 

 rosive sublimate is swallowed, the white of one or 

 two eggs taken will neutralize the poison and change 

 the cflect to that of a dose of calomel. 



Potato Fancy.— Mash one quart ol hot boiled 

 potatoes through a tine colander with a potato 

 masher; mix with them one ounce of liutter, one 

 scant teaspoonful of salt, half tcaspoonful of white 

 pepper, a pinch of grated nutmeg, and the yolk of 

 two raw eggs ; pourthe potato out on a plate, and 

 then form it with a knife into small cakes two inches 

 long and one wide, lay them on the buttered tin, 

 brush them over the top with an egg beaten up with 

 a teaspoonful of cold water, and color them golden 

 brown in a moderate oven. 



Oatmeal Cakes.— Into a quart of cold water stir 

 oatmeal enough to make it about as thick as hasty 

 pudding. Be sure that the meal is sprinkled in 

 slowly, and that the stirring is so active that the 

 mush will have no lumps in it. Now put it on the 

 buttered pan, where it can be spread out to half the 

 thickness of a common cracker, and smooth it down 

 with a case-knife. Run a sharp knife across it, so as 

 to divide it.into the sized pieces you wish, and then 

 place it in a warm oven and bake slowly, being 

 careful not to brown it. 



Preservation of Fuks.—" Jennie," of German- 

 town, says : " As this is the season when we put 

 away our winter furs, I will mention how I preserve 

 mine entirely from the attacks of the moth. I first 

 hang them out in the sun for a day or two, then 

 give them a good beating and shaking up to be sure 

 no moth is in them already. I then wrap up a lump 

 of camphor in a rag and place in each ; then wrap 

 up each in a sound newspaper and paste together so 

 that there Is no hole or crevice through which a 

 moth can gain entrance— and my furs are perfectly 

 safe. You will say that there is no secret in this, 

 and there Is none. Every lady can taKe care of her 

 own furs, if it is not too hard work for her, without 

 sending them to the furriers, as many do." 



very little Interested In her possession of "solid 

 color," if she is a Jersey ; he is vastly more inter- 

 ested In her " solid " and high-colored butter. The 

 cow that produces 1,000 His. of cheese Is beautiful 

 and altogether lovely iu the eyes of a patron of a 

 cheese factory, and he wants just as many more like 

 her as he cau get. 



A pedigree ought to represent achievements, not 

 merely names. We second, most heartily, a "test 

 record for dairy cows," and trust that none of our 

 pure-blood dairy stock breeders will hereafter con- 

 sider a cow's pedigree complete without a record of 

 her production. In the light of a milk, butter and 

 cheese record, the herd books would have a new and 

 most valuable feature. — /.Ire Stock Journal. 



Live Stock. 



Full-Blood— Pure- Blood— Thoroughbred. 



Again and again we have brcn called upon to 

 answer the question : " What Is the dlll'erencc, If 

 any, between full-blood, pure blood, and thorough- 

 bred, as applied to live stock 1" and as often we have 

 answered, there Is really no dilVcrence. All these 

 terms are used to denote purity of blood. W^hen 

 applied to horses, the term thoroughbred, by com- 

 mon consent, has come to be recognized as the name 

 of a particular breed — the English race-horse — and 

 when we speak of a thoroughbred horse It Is under- 

 8too<l that we refer to a purely-bred animal of that 

 particular breed. There are, perhaps, purely-bred, 

 or well-bred, or full-blood Clydesdales, English draft 

 horses, Percheron-Normans, Shetland Ponies, etc., 

 but we never speak of them as thoroughbreds. In 

 speaking of the various breeds of cattle we may say, 

 a full-blood Short-horn, a purely-bred Short-horn, 

 or a thoroughbred Short-horn, all meaning one and 

 the same thing ; and so of all the other breeds of 

 cattle, sheep and swine. In some localities an arbi- 

 trary distinction has been recognized between 

 thoroughbreds and full bloods. Thus, an animal 

 showing a given number of crosses of a certain breed 

 is classed as a full-blood, although it cannot be 

 recognized as a thoroughbred. But such distinctions 

 are merely local, and are not generally recognized 

 by breeders. — Live Stock JvurnaL 



usually about 12 to 15 inches high. The bloom Is of 

 a light pink color. It Is also a fine fertilizer for 

 land, well a<lapted to damp ground. It can be sown 

 with wheat or oats. In early spring. I had twcntv 

 acres sowed two years ago, which has more than 

 paid me back the costof seed, .50cent» per pound. I 

 now have a piece of wheat, on which I shall sow In 

 the spring, at the rate of four pounds of seed to the 

 acre. I say sow Alsike for your bees.—./. M. II., in 

 Bee-Keepcr»' Ouiik. 



Apiary. 



Test Record for Dairy Cows. 



It seems lately to have occurred to breeders ol 

 dairy stock claiming special adaptation to the pro- 

 duction of milk, butter, or cheese, and increased 

 value for purity of blood— it has just occurred to 

 them that there might be one more important item 

 attached to the pedigree of a Jersey, Ayrshire, Hol- 

 stein or other cow devoted expressly to the dairy, 

 and that test is her actual production of milk, butter 

 or cheese. To all the rest of the world this has long 

 appeared as the most important item in the pedi- 

 gree, yet it has never been given. Purity of blood 

 has been regarded as of more importance than per- 

 formance — about as rational as it would be at a con- 

 test of speed between horses to decide it by the pedi- 

 gree. The pedigree has a value only as indicating 

 probable performance ; but as in the case of the 

 trotting horse, let us have the performance first, and 

 then we shall be interested in the pedigree. This is 

 a time when everybody feels like probing everything 

 to the bottom, to see what it is made of and not what 

 it calls itself. 



This test record for cows Is the most important 

 thing suggested to dairy stock breeders for many 

 years. It is bringing the pedigree to the only prac- 

 tical test that can be made. " Like produces like," 

 but what is the "like" that is to be produced? 

 Color, form and size are only accessories. The main 

 thing to first ascertain as to the quality of a dairy 

 cow is, how much milk does she give in a ycari 

 How many pounds of butter will this milk make? 

 How many pounds of cheese i and what is the quality 

 of the product ? A cow that gives 10,000 lbs. of milk 

 is extremely satisfactory to a milkman, and he 

 wants to know her pedigree that he may assure 

 himself that the purity of her blood will give her the 

 power of " reproducing her like." The cow that 

 makes 350 or more pounds of butter, of good quality, 

 " takes the eye " of the butter dairyman, and he Is 

 all attention to learn how many such she counts in 

 her line, and her age, that he may figure the number 

 like herself that she may leave behind her, Ue is 



Honey. 



A correspondent writes to the Pacific Rural Press 

 as follows, and it would be well if bee-keepers would 

 adopt some of his general recommendations, and it 

 would be to the interest of all if dealers would. He 

 says : " While the bee-keepers of California are just 

 on the eve of making their purchases of lumber and 

 getting ready to make hives for the increase of the 

 coming season, they are greeted with the ueAS from 

 their representative in New York that 'there is 

 nothing to be done in honey here at this time, as 

 there has been so much adulteration in this article 

 that buyers are alarmed-' And from our English 

 correspondent come gloomy reports of a small lot of 

 California honey having been olfered at auction on 

 two different occasions without being sold. Then 

 comes another, that a large shipment of California 

 honey from New York by a large dealer there, and 

 that the custom authorities had sized and destroyed 

 it, in accordance with English laws, on account of 

 its being largely adulterated with glucose. I, as a 

 producer, will venture to o8er a suggestion or two to 

 those educated blockheads, that may be of service 

 to them in the future if they will act on the sugges- 

 tion. If you have cause to suspect adulteration in 

 honey with glucose proceed as follows ; Take a quan- 

 tity of honey and add one part water, dissolving the 

 honey thoroughly by stirring. Then add alcohol of 

 80° until a turbidness is formed which does not dis- 

 appear on shaking. If glucose syrup is present in 

 the honey soon a heavy deposit of a gummy, milky 

 mass will form, while with pure honey there will be 

 only a very slight milky appearance observed. This 

 test is so simple, and at the same time so true, that 

 any dealer who fails to become acquainted with the 

 simplest test used for detecting frauds in the article 

 in which he deals is unworthy of the calling he hag 

 accepted." 



Pasturage for Bees. 



It is now the proper time for all who contemplate 

 keeping bees to think something about preparing 

 pasture for them, as it is just as essential that they 

 should be cared for as any other farm stock. Yet I 

 hear much of failure iu bee-keeping from others. 

 When we think of how little preparation is made to 

 help the industrious workers, it Is no wonder that 

 there are so many complaints coming up of failure. 

 Let me advise all who may be in any ways interested, 

 to procure at least four pounds of Alsike clover seed, 

 and sow one acre of ground. This will supply at 

 least twenty stands of bees. It yields the finest 

 flavored honey I have ever tasted, and will sell for 

 more per pound than any other honey for family use. 

 This Is not all that the clover is good for. ll is also 

 a very valuable pasture for cattle, sheep, horses and 

 hogs ; also, it produces fine hay that is not so woody 

 and coarse as red clover, but of a fine stem, and 



How to Fasten Comb Foundation in Brood 

 Frames. 

 Cut the foundation into pieces twelve inches 

 square. Then cut the squares diagonally, making 

 four triangular pieces out of each square. Remove 

 the comb guide and Insert the twelve Inch side of 

 one of th£ triangular pieces In the groove In the top 

 bar, fastening by means of a pencil brush dipped 

 into hot wax and drawn along the edge of the 

 foundation. If the frames are to be filled entirely, a 

 strip of wood grooved on th» under side, same as the 

 top bar, should be fixed horizontally in the frame, 

 dividing it into two equal parts. The foundation 

 should be cut 5'^.ixll inches, a piece of which should 

 be attached to the top bar, another to the center 

 strip, fastening In the same manner as the triangular 

 pieces. If the bars that hold the strip across the 

 frames are not driven closely, they may he easily 

 withdrawn, and the strip removed as soon as the 

 comb is made fast to the sides of the frames. In a 

 few days the space will be filled, making a perfect 

 comb. This Is a practical, safe way to use founda- 

 tion in frames twelve inches deep, "it does not sag^ 

 or bulge. In shallow frames no centre strip Is 

 needed. 



Glucose. 



The following is taken from the Scientific Ameri- 

 can, a part of an article on food adulteration, and If 

 the following statements are true we can see no good 

 reason why glucose is not a valuable food for bees: 



He never found granular or block sugar adulter- 

 ated. In exceptional cases glucose has been worked 

 up with cheap sugar, but glucose is not injurious. It 

 Is less sweet than cane sugar, but has almost the 

 same food value. Glucose comprises about 80 per 

 cent, of honey, and about fiO per cent, of dried figs. 

 It Is the substance into which, in the body, all starchy 

 or sacchrine food must be first converted before it 

 can be assimilated. Bread and cane sugar, when 

 taken into the body, are very rapidly changed into 

 glucose. In molasses the absence of foreign sub- 

 stances is almost the universal rule. The cheaper 

 grades of syrups are sometimes mixed with glucose. 



Poultry. 



Caponized Fowls. 

 In Boston markets, capons are not so frequently 

 fouud as in either New York or Philadelphia. In the 

 latter city tliey are very popular, and command the 

 highest price over all kinds of dressed poultry. For 

 many years these desirable birds have been a staple 

 product in Pennsylvania. Formerly they were made 

 from the young male birds of the " Bucks county 

 species" — a large bird well known In that region — 

 but a coarse-meated fowl in any shape except as 

 capons. At the present time, and in late years, the 

 Cochins and Brahmas have been used for this pur- 

 pose, and these have proved a most excellent substi- 

 tute for the old-fashioned variety mentioned. With 

 such large numbers of young cockerels as are now 

 raised in New England, annually, there is no good 

 reason why our farmers and iwultercrs should not 

 avail themselves of the profit attainable In supplying 

 these fowls for our home markets. At the hotels In 

 any of our Atlantic cities they are always desirable; 

 and the surplus male bird, of any man's yards where 

 a respectably sized flock of poultry is reared, will 

 every year furnish the breeder with many fowls that 

 can be turned into capons to great advantage. We 

 suggest this experiment to those interested. The 

 "art" of caponizing young cocks is easily acquired; 

 and, when once understood, it may be made a very 

 profitable method for disposing of prime poultry 

 roasters, about holiday time. In early winter. — Town 

 and Country. 



Chicken Cholera. 

 The proceedings of the Agricultural Society of 

 Lancaster county, published a day or two ago in your 

 paper, are almost a copy of the proceedings of kin- 

 dred societies that have for the last ten years dis- 

 cussed this chicken cholera question. All have vari- 

 ous cures to ofl'er, but not enough is said about the 

 cause and the preventive. Within the last seven 

 years all around us have lost flocks of chickens by 

 cholera, and had they neglected their own household 

 as thoroughly few inmates would have long survived. 

 t We have educated the chicken to lodge In houses ; It 

 ; Isourduty to make him comfortable there, not poison 

 him. About the construction of the house it matters 

 I little ; the entrance should face south and be inclosed 

 I with lattice work, to admit plenty of fresh air and 



