1879.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



169 



quality, and good care in other respects, tlioy 

 come out of winter quarters In the sprinj; and 

 start off with the now season in a condition r.o 

 realize to th.Mi- owner all Hint ■■an or niav be 



they are s.i n'dueed that weeks nnist elapse 

 ere they reach a point approxiniatiug the con- 

 dition wliich good care an<l management 

 would have secured. It is a dead loss which 

 represents tiinc and money, in tlie case of each 

 animal, and luisan inlhiencc iil'iiMitimes inthc 

 progeny of such slock, which represents a 

 value that cauunt lie coniputeil. — Anicricun 

 IStiK-hmn. 



AMERICAN BUTTER AND CHEESE IN 

 ENGLAND. 



Col. Robt. M. Littler, of Davenport, Iowa, 

 is the Secretary of the national Butter, Cliecse 

 and Egg A.ssociation, lie is an inteiliiieni, 

 active, energetic man, ftdly alive to the im- 

 portance of the great industries to which his 

 time and talents are devoted, and a very val- 

 uable man to (he interests whicli foituiialfly 

 receive his .services. Tie was a d.legal.^ IVomi 

 this country to the rulcrnalioiial Dairy Kair 

 held in London this year, and kept his e) es 

 and ears open not only while there, but during 

 a somewhat extensive trip to several marts of 

 trade in tireat Britain. The other day he 

 was at the Dairy Board of Trade in Elgin and 

 gave some account of his triii. lie returns 

 home fullof hojie and enthusiasm in regard lo 

 the futur.; of the butter and cheese interests 

 of this country so far as the foreign trade is 

 concerned, but exhorts dairymen to strive to 

 make good articles of both; for that iiuality is 

 t'le only kind that can be disposed of in Great 

 Britain. We are pleased to know that Col. 

 Littler emphasizes this point. He tells us 

 plainly that poor goods are not wanted over 

 tliere. It is idle to suppose that anything but 

 OSS and disappointment will attend the ex- 

 portation of poor butter and cheese. There 

 is always a demand for good goods, and the 

 evidence of Col. Littler goes to show that the 

 better the quality the quicker they sell. By 

 making first class articles a far larger quanti- 

 ty of dairy products from this country can be 

 disposed of in foreign countries at fair, remu- 

 nerative prices. It is by no means compli- 

 mentary to us that but about five per ceut. 

 of butter made in this country is of that 

 grade. 



Col. Littler visited stores and markets in 

 several large cities, and found American 

 cheese at all of them. It sells there from six 

 to sixteen cents, according to <piality. Since 

 his return a marked improvement in prices 

 has occurred. He was informed that the 

 people there relished American cheese fully 

 as well as the English article. We have .said 

 repeatedly that our exjiort of dairy products 

 can be vastlv increased by raising the stand- 

 ard of quality of the bulk cjf our make, and 

 this is now all that is re(iuired to render this 

 industry one of the most profitable in which 

 our people are engaged. 



Col. Littler added a word at Elgin for the 

 success of the International Dairy Fair, to be 

 held in New York city in December next. We 

 join in urging daiiyineu here and elsewhere to 

 send samples of their products, as this lair 

 will draw a large number of foreign buyers, 

 and therefore an opportunity will be afforded 

 for the inspection of goods which producers 

 will do well to imiirove. 



This fair will be held during the second 

 and third weeks in December next. It 

 will be the seiMind exhibition of the associa- 

 tion held in Xew York, and extensive prep- 

 arations are being made to render it far more 

 interesting and useful than its predecessor, or 

 any similar exhibition which has occurred. 

 at least, in this country. The entiic Ameri- 

 can Institute has been engaged in order to 

 provide ample room for tlu' display of dairy 

 products, utensils, etc. No facility will he 

 lacking for the manufacture of butter and 

 cheese on a large scale. In order that any 

 machinery may be seen in motion which it is 

 desirable to thus exhibit, ample motive power 



will be employed. Another feature, which is 

 novel in connection with such exhibitions in 

 America, has been arranged for, and that is a 

 sh.iw of dairv cows, a provision for space hav- 

 ini; been made, and as a ixooelly number of 

 breeders have sJunilied their intention of being 

 on hand with stock, it is more than probable 

 that this department of the exhibition will be 

 among its most interesting features. We un- 

 derstand that th.' pidspects of a large and 

 varied display of foreign dairy products are 

 very good,— a result of the "elVoi-ls of Col. 

 Littler and other geMlleman who have been 

 abroad and enlisted foreigners in the enter- 

 prise. 



The premium list ha.s not yet been announ- 

 ced, but that it will be liberal and varied 

 there is no room to doubt, embracing all 

 classes of desirable goods. As usual, |)apers 

 in connection with dairying will be read from 

 eminent sources, and discussions held on 

 prominent topics pertaining to this interest. 

 Those who wish any information in regard to 

 this .■xbiliit, other than is here given, can 

 address the .secretary of the executive com- 

 mittee, Mr, T. Mortimer Seaver, iJOO Green- 

 wich street. New York oily.— American 



Slnrkliiiln. 



MANAGEMENT OF HORSES. 



The horse is, and will remain In this coun- 

 try, the main sonrci' of power on the farm. 

 In some |>arts of ivn-opi; steam power is used 

 on a few lar^i' estates, but the horse, after 

 all, is the main dependence there as well as 

 here. This noble animal has been the servant 

 and the friend of mau from a period beyond 

 the records of history. In peace and in war 

 he has alike been serviceable and, indeed, in- 

 dispensable to the human race. Ilis intelli- 

 gence is greater, and his nature higher than 

 any other species of the brute creation. 

 Under varying conditions of treatment and 

 care, he is found in various types and forms, 

 adapted to every use in which his services are 

 required, from the fleet Arabian, and the 

 English thoroughbred, to the immense 

 Percheron and Clydesdale. These diverse 

 types and forms are the result of breeding and 

 numagement, and demonstrates what may be 

 done by systeuuitic, careful breeding and 

 management. 



The mass of farmers in this country have 

 hitherto pursued, at best, a wretched policy 

 in rearing horse stock; or perhaps it would be 

 nearer the truth to say that they have fol- 

 lowed no policy at all, but adop'ted a hap- 

 hazard, bit or nii.ss, (tonrse in breeding with 

 results which niiglit have been f.u-e.seen. A 

 want of judgment and discretion in coupling 

 sire and dam has left a stock of nondescripts, 

 of almost every form and disposition. It is 

 but proper to say, however, that a marked 

 improvement herein has been going on within 

 a few years in the west, (and it is this jiortion 

 of the country to which these remarks speci- 

 ally apiily.) In the caily days in this region 

 the i)ioneers could only use such sires of horse 

 stock as were within their reach, and the sons 

 of these men followed In iheir footsteps until 

 within a comparatively recent period. With 

 such limited opportunities, of couree, there 

 could only result a mongrel class of horses, 

 with now and then a fair animal in size, style 

 and action. But, as we have said, within a 

 few years a marked change has occurred and 

 IS now going on. With the rapid develop- 

 ment of the country, the growth of towns and 

 cities, bringing a demand for horses for 

 various uses, thisluaneh of rural economy has 

 necessarily attracted more attention. ' Tl\e 

 in<iuiry for horse stock in towns and cities is 

 rapidly increasing. Driving horses, for bug- 

 gies and carriages, fleet roadsters, and fine 

 steppers are in demand, as are also heavy 

 Ileuses of great strength and good action. 

 \\\i\ this demand must .always exist. The 

 service's of this useful animal are ever in 

 demand and ever will be, and its magnitude 

 gives this branch of stock raising a signifi- 

 cance which, in its way, is as important as 

 any other. We must have horses— horses for 

 a variety of uses, requiring different types 



and styles. We must raise thoroughbreds — 

 the blood horse proper, ns distinguisliud from 

 other lireeds— and the horse for general pui- 

 poses ; wi' must have light harness heirsesand 

 roadsters, and heavier, stylish b.ir.s.s lor car- 

 riages ; we euigbt [o rai.se anel use more saddle 

 boi-si's; anel last, but neil least, luravy draft 

 Ileuses, wbe.se- Weight, size and muscular 

 peiwei- :Hla|.i liieni especially for lieavy work. 

 All these- ela-esof horses can be prexluced of 

 excellent leuin imd style' as easily ii.s the mon- 

 grels that are' now raised by thcmsand.s. Wo 

 need not rely so nnich upein foreign countries, 

 becau.se already men of foresight, enterprise 

 and means have imported and reared horses 

 to breed from in large numbers. To these 

 horses and their progeny we may look for a 

 rapid improvi'iiii iit of thi' horse .stock of the 

 ceiuntry, an.l e'spei'ially of the' West. But in 

 this, as iiie-viiy eitluu' biauehof live stock hus- 

 banelry, it is eif prime' iiii|ieutauce to breed 

 only freim full blood sire's, and to select dams 

 well sniteel for breeding the style of animal 

 desireel. A fe'w goeiil teip-crosses will give, if 

 judiciously manageil, a horse possessing the 

 form and chaiacter of full blood animals, and 

 thus in time-- and not a very long time either 

 —the poor, abnsiil infeiior horsc^s which are 

 to be seen everywlii re' among western farmers 

 maybe siippleini'iite il by a class eif horses of 

 the variiuiseh'siralile breeels, which will add 

 very materially tej the wealth eiflhe individu- 

 al breeders, as well as to the aggregate wealth 

 of the country.— .dnier/cau ISlockiuan. 



WHAT A DEED OF A FARM INCLUDES. 



The following is from an address of Hon. 

 Eilnumd 11. Bennett, delivered before the 

 Massachusetts .State Board of Agriculture: 

 "Of course every one knows it conveys all the 

 fences standing on the farm, but all might 

 not think it also included the fencing siufl', 

 posts, rails, I'te:., which had once been usi'd in 

 the feiK'c liut had bee n taki'ii elowii and piled 

 up feu- futiiic ii>.e again in thi'.same place. But 

 new feiie'ing material just benight and never 

 attached to the seiil weuilel not pass. .So piles 

 of heieip peiles, steireel away, it once used on 

 the lanel have be'cii e'.insieh're'el a part of it; but 

 loose beiarels eu' scalleilel pe)les laid clo.sely 

 across the beaius e.t the barn and never 

 fastened tei it weiuld neit be and the .seller of 

 the farm miglil take them away. Standing 

 trees, of course, also pass as part of the land; 

 so do trees blown or cut down and still left iu 

 the woods where they fell, but not if cut and 

 corded up for sale ; tlie wood has then become 

 liersonal property. 



"If there be any manure in the banij'ard 

 or in a compost heap on the field, ready for 

 immediate use, the buyer ordinarily takes 

 that also as belonging to the farm, though it 

 might not be so if the owner had iireviously 

 .sidd it to some other party and had collected 

 it together in a heap by itself. Growing crops 

 also pass by the deed of a farm, unless they 

 are expressly reserved, and when it is not in- 

 tended to convey those, it should be so stated 

 in the deed itself; a mere oral agreement to 

 tiiat effect would not be valid in law. Another 

 mode is to stipulate that po.ssessiou is not lo 

 be given until some future day, in which case 

 the cre>p3 or manure may be removed liefore 

 that time. 



"As to the buildings on the farm, though 

 generally mentioned in the deed, it is not abso- 

 lutely necessary they should be. A deed of 

 lanu ordinarily carries all the buildings on it 

 beleiiiging to the grantor, whethi'r mentioned 

 en- iieit ; and this ruU' includes the lumber and 

 timber of any old building which has been 

 taken down or bleiwn down and been packed 

 away for future use eui the farm. 



•'But if there be- any buildings on the farm 

 built by some thirel persein, with the farmer's 

 leave, the eleed weuilel iieit convey these, since 

 such biiililings are perseinal [iroperty, and do 

 not beleeiiu' tei the laneiowner to convey. The 

 real owners ther.'e.f might move them off, 

 although the purchaser e.f the farm suppo.sed 

 he was buying and iiaying for all the build- 

 ings on it. Ilis oidy remedy in such a case 

 would be against the party selling the premises. 



