^'8 8g 



ruANdAStER FARM&R. 



i.n^ji 



'une, 



^'•'f'siMk/tie AiomA ; liighlj' tal-Dished tables^ 

 "* .aniJin'worksiiOps shining -.^hm^., i!i-« oni- 



.'>! C 



articles like silk 

 , . 'iBibHlld be protected from the sun's rays. 

 Jf^'Artiticia] li^ht is always bad on account of 



'['' tTi'^ lieat and exhalation of carbonic acid. The 

 * ' b^St is that of Ikmps fed with vegetable oil 

 ''',. Irtiilfeh'iisicd In France, but seldom in this 



..'"feurttry] arid farn'ished with a glass shade. 

 "'*"'^7aA is, bad lie'cause of its ht^at, hr'illianCy and 

 ''■"' mobility ; the light of mineral oils is too hot, 

 "f /Sidti'.of candles insufficient and rtickering. 

 ^"'Tl'iem' df the workman should avoid the 

 "f'Kgi'it ctjWing to him directly' or diffused 

 "'''iM8upi the i'oom. Working immediately 

 '^'after' mfe].s is rtbje'ctioTiable ; also, uniuter- 

 *f' Viliited 4'^e'Of'the eyes for long periods of 

 ?,", tlhie.'; 'One sliotild write on an inclined plane, 

 }i'ti(il 'ri6t' keep tlie head bent down more than 

 '"lis Alisbi'iitely necessary. Reading in bed; is 

 "'."liiid "eV^rywai'. ' Some good autlioi'ities com- 

 ".' triend^^a^hin'g the ej-es with cold water, but 

 ^' "the majority of the best ophthalmologists ad- 

 I'-'STsed tiie use of hot water for the less seriojus 

 '" ktToelions'of the eye. For tired ej-es, we be- 

 *?' lieVe, ffom'bur'OWa 'expericiice, ' tliat water, 

 '"■h'6T.a4,ean'b'e borne, is refi'esliing and Ijemifi- 

 '^"'".gia'l'."'lf,tH^''ej>t;S are fatigued by artificjal 

 ( ill'rfttiirlatioh bhte or slightly smoked glasses 

 'w^l'I'lbe uscfiil, arid to avoid the lateral rays 

 """^ tbey sfiohld'be large and round. If the irri- 

 '^iati.oriiif' the eyes persists all work must be 

 "'"abkiidoned, and an examination made to dee 



. ,if there .be' 'ahy disturbance of refraction; of 

 i t)'d-ivci','ori(icommodation or of the'mobiliity 

 '^ W'^hfe'e^es. Presl^yopia, or so-called "far- 

 ■"'sightierllicSs," Supervenes earlier with thqse 

 ?:' I Who are constantly at work than with other 

 ■^ ' individuals, and as soon as it does convex 



;■ glasses sliouldbc at once i-esorted to, Without 

 j^'Vviiicli. th^ muscle Of accommodation would be 

 ]', 'fatigued to no'pui-pose. AtJirst they shoqld 

 "_?. Ijeiiscd Tor Working in the evening after tjie 

 'I* jRitigue of tlie day ; but a long-sighted perspn 

 Shonjd Only use spectacles for looking, at nyar 

 '. .'Ohjeets. not at f ar ones. Work requiring dose 



.'alpplicalidn favors the development of myopia, 



'or '''near-sightedness,''' precisely in proportion 

 ^ .ak'the conditions of illuminations are l)ad. 



■''If the actioti of those causes continues tlie 

 ' myopia "wiir increase until vision is lost. 

 _ ^'iV sli^'ht degree of rrtyopia may b 



/I9(l 



rrtyopia may be favorable 



close work, but, as a' general rnle, work re- 



. -iring close application, ly the derangement 



^of cireulation that it inevitably induces in tlie 



■"'eye, is much more injurious to tile mj'opic; 



'io ( 



srl) 



and is the great cause of the development of 



myopia and its complications. Young people 

 ^^'Slionld l<e examined, and if they are myopic, 

 '1 fiiijdred froni undertaking tedious studies and 

 ';„ ^ll profes^sioi'is deiijanding cto^e applieati6li iof 



mi; /iio^fii jiii III/, L ic .li . '^ ,, ■'■ ■ ■'■ I, I ,., 



bfi 



SJIe/; 



".lioi 



w-jiv Hecretary Thomas J. Edge, of the State 

 -niiBoardof Agriculture, has sent ua an advance 

 ii(J iftopy of tlie quarterly report on the condition 

 ariJof the OTopsin this comity, which we give be- 

 j^niioiV. I Tlw. report- is foundi^d on the special 

 udJreports furnished by those selected for this 

 ■Ir.riSpeoial duty. The average so far seems high, 

 oJ Jind unless we have rains speedily will not be 

 l<:;Jlong maintained. : /.! /•:■ ,,;, J; ,:,,.i,,i- i 



P^'ioyni'i'ioN' 01' CROPS' ' WJniE'D—'doMpJi'rtEA'" with 



^".:;"'''"""^"'''"' ""'L'iBif"i-yA«:' 



oiii^mS'Wii Moi'fi. '■;■ ;l-": si'^ 



Wheat •rtllbW^■y^aei>y<:^-—'.' 

 H^ds "(chjTcr,') — ; — 



ootJBi'rtOi* 'o^- 'PAKM Stock coMPA'R^ ' ^ITH- 



• '• 'i'AVBIM&B OF PIVIE TEABSi' .■i'.- \. i Hi 



ITorses', ■'!';>•-■ bJiiii>i9.T g,heep, -.no-i;. i d;iiii 106 

 Mules, lo. /iiK. vii bl 1.105 Swine,. : l.-ji'mi 'liiid J07 

 Oxen, r;tii'.iik.7i.K(iiiil07 Eat c^ttle^ii -luri <ii(| il5 

 Cows,,,,,!i( xiliiil^ ■iill^0.5, I , ,,., j,.|, .|.|.,v, I y,- 

 piiICJB8-/0P;lt*RM PRpJOUCTS AND SWCg^H. N^Ar- 

 i !i,i> ■lill !, ,, ?tST,MAKK.E^T. _,,,,;, ,,.,,. ., , , 



Wheat, ,pBr buelKtli;,,,-//- ,,|,j,iU .io».lf ,((■)( irSl' IpS 



K ye, per bushel, ;• .,.,|j,,.,.|.,. ,,,.,. .-,;,i,;.„ ..^„,.,,. I-TO 



Oats, per bushel, ,. ,,. 



Corn, pdr bushel, ' ' ,■"" 



Clover seed, per biiah'elv"-''^'' 



Timothy seed, per bashe-l 



Potatoes, per bushel, 



yi-r- 



/iifiiirffiv; «V/c'i.; ^ 



.■fUf iVi )o'(irM;i ! fg^i 



■ if( ''KHiJ 'lOogJgs 



' . ' .'. -3.00 



. ; . ..50 



j.ll/-, ,■■ fil;,.' -IS 



1 Jiid i;niii 



KiM (It Irl 



Mowing lields (timothy,) 

 Pasture (natural,) 



11.^ 

 11.5 



100, 

 100 

 102 



COMPARED WITH AVERA8B OF "PIVE YBARS. I 



wliekK- .-•'". ^ -'.' •■:■■'■• ■■.'"••■!: :7HT j^g 



b-sIili.Be.r . .- :;. 

 buiiWb.6at ettiljble (grass,) 

 sri, -Mowing lields (clover,) 

 yj^^.JJuwiui; Holds (timothy 



9bii''^f,Vf'"'r,i's"*''"''?'') .-■• 



.VjjCqONIMSfflSJ ,«>F PABMSTO0K.COffVA|RBD(,W^'J'^ LAST 



Jfa!} bar. Ji(siitiij« yeak. 



11.5 



94 



93 



100 



100 



loop, 



lp7,S)viiie, 

 .„ ,. 107iI'a{'fcatt;Ie, ' 



103 r 

 100 



.11-. T .i . 



■| 



Tobacco, per pound. 



Hay, per ton^ 



Kutter, per pound, 



Milk, per quart, '" 



Ewes^fat, per heaa 



Lambs, per head, • 



Horses, average, . 



Mules, average, 



Co9-s,:ax«fage,., .j,.,,,,,, ,. ,, ,, ,,,,,,,,, j 



.,,, , ,i;J'.iBM,;WAP?S ,4?fn|B<}AHB.,,,,,,, 



By the month (whole year) with .boa^-d . 



By the mouth (summer mouths) with Ijoard 



By the day (with, board,) regular work, . ' 



By the day (without board,) regular w6rk, 



By the month (whole. year,) Vvithout board'. 



By the month (summer mt)Jlths,)'vtiWiout 



board,' . ■ -. : ' r /m. i, i .;;. tu |. iim 



Estimated cost of board per Uay,:. ,( ,, ;; n'l .■ 



Household helx) — female, by, the wp^ji Wjiiib j [ 



board, . . . . . • , 



If. 



HMO 



fso 



bi'il;! b'lo_ III ■/,l:''i-4[.,50 

 1(1 'iiyos pvtjil , i4L00 

 ■ill. )i;(..«iii|. -11. 115.00 



. Mi.(ll-.T,ij-,>f .1,118-00 



, ,, ,, ,,. ,,,,,,,,,37^00 



$11150 



14120 



' .65' 



.90 



18,50 



I 



122 25 

 28 



.■:i 



ACREAGE, Ofl C^P|S|.f!OM9ABB» Wi;Cp LAEj^ IBAR 



Wheat, . 

 Corn, 



I- 



.'i I'l.i 



,75 



105 

 ].00 



,5»5.pat?, 



94.iEye, 



ACREAqiE CqMr!WS^D^,T)riTH,X,HE AyBB;4(iDi ,0F LAJST 



; ' . i.PIVE YEi^KS.', ;",;.',, '. . i 



VVfieat, ' '. . ■ . 'iQiQats," .,' ' .-'i, ' .' ; lO'o 

 Corn, ,.,.,,.,■.„,.., WQlRye,' '..,;,,_,.,.. 100 



ESTIMATED COST Of .T^E, P0I.L,()^I^)S|CIfp^^ AND 



'stocks ;. ' I ' ,'" ' ;. 

 ,,,, . - ,^ , '•■> ipiic aUiiffiKl il>juo'rdr 

 Wheat, perbushel,, ,.,,,, ,,.,,^,, [,,^^, , j .,; ^_,. 



Corn, per biishel 



mc 



Rye, per brtshel, '".''V'" n'' .'-l'"' f'" .>' ''«/ 



02. 



35' 



Oats, per bushel, ■'."': !illill(.y '/d.t (fCll.J T.tJ!'i.i 27, 

 Potatoes, per buslieVi"' li(lH •(•|oJ')i;'l wo[(( /. 120 

 Hay, per ton, ., ^^|■.■HH•.A ^-Anum'U iii8 00 



Clover seed, per bushel, „„i,[ <,,.,„.(■ g'cnit-i''* p^ 

 Timothy seed, per bushel^ „, ,,,,f„., ,,.8n,ct,../,>|50 

 Butter, per pound, . , ....... 120 



Calves, 1 year old, •'"'.' '"'.'' "".'^ f-"'"'.' 'SOiOO 

 Calves, 2 years old',"!.'- -bd-w-lq jlbj/iy l.:83;00 

 Cows and steers, -3 yeardi «il<Si,« rUq-ili. ijilip, 40.00 

 Horses, 3'years old, ,. ,m- j.iiuki;; 'Mfl jjniuinTS OQ 



■ ' ! ■ <» I 'l ■ , M ai <j| HdVj:.^. 

 SUGAR VS. CORN-:""'^ '«'>'' 



'' Letter from Victor E. PioHet.' '^i'' 

 '' Worthy Grange Master Mollet writers ' the 

 following to the editor of the Fannnrf;^ Fricad : 

 '"' Tour recent communication invites a word 

 from me as to the cost of a stigar mill .and 

 evapoJ-atiug pang, with a vie\V to a trial of 

 'sugar-making, I suppose. The eiitire cost is 

 less than one hundred dollars for a Inill and 

 fixtures capable of working up .say tliiiity 

 acres of amber cane vvithin the srtiSon. " ' i 



Wysauking grange Will enter upon a trial 

 this season — different metnbers planting an 

 acre of the coridiekl with the Minnesota a;ilil)er 

 cane, purchased by the commissioner of t^ie 

 agricultural department to such as desire |to 

 make trial of sugar-making. ' ' i - : j 



We poor farmers are all working for dear 

 life to produce corn which we will have to sell 

 in our export markets for less than 00 cents a 

 bushel, after paying one-fourth of tliis sum 

 for transportation. Every bnshel of oopn that 

 farmers will produce this season will take 

 from tlie soil in potasli, nitrogen and phos- 

 lihorus twenty per cent, of this export market 

 price. There is no liome market for our corn. 

 Tlie only value there is attainable is the 

 Ibreign demand. With this well-known fact 

 we stick to the old rut and make corn year 

 after year at the sacrifice of capital and labor. 



While twenty per cent, of the market value 

 of our corn will be required to make ourtields 

 as good after the crop' lias been t;iJcen from 

 them as before planting, we persist in produg- 

 ing corn to the exclusion of a system of farm- 

 ing that would pay ns very much better. This 

 country pays over one hundred million dollars 

 annually to foreign countries for sugar. While 

 the produetI6«'0if' corn itakesfromthe soilan 



riiti'6gen, phosphorus and potash twenty ; per 

 ceiit. of its market value, there is no percep- 

 tible trace of either nitrogen, phosphorus or 

 potash in sugar. 



This fact ought to influence our farmers. 

 The entire value of the corn we market does 

 not amount to as mucl> as we pay ovit for 

 'sugar, and we can make sugar enough for 

 home consumption at a far leas cost than any 

 production of our farms that we must dispose 

 of to get money to pay f or' thesugar -weipur- 

 ehaseJ , ,■■ i. ,■ ' .■ ■ ■ .■ ^ -i-, ,;,,;,,i n .ii i 



The corn fields of Pennsylvania that will 

 produce forty bushels per acre will produce 

 enough of the Minnesota amber cane to make 

 one thousand five hundred pounds of sugar 

 that refiners would purchase as readily lasithey 

 do the foreign sugar, ,1 ikI ;, i 



Amber cane can be produced at the same 

 cost that our corn can be raised. 1 It^will 

 mature in from ninety to one hundred dliys, 

 and will cost in our labor about three cents 

 per pound to make. <. , 



This is not speculation. Our worthy com- 

 missioner of agriculture, Gen. Le Due,; has 

 tested the whole process of sugai'-m&king by 

 actual practical methods. ■ -- '•■• ■ni 

 '1 'France, at no very distant period of time, 

 was dependent upon foreigai countries far her 

 supply of sugar, now not only supplies her 

 own country ■nith the annual consumption of 

 sugar, but makes one-fonrth Of -all -the -sugar 

 production in this world. : * ,-' 



Prance makes sugar from bbets; DSd she 

 have our soil and climate in which to grow all 

 the varieties of cane that is natural to, our 

 our country, that country would make sugar 

 as we can . — Your friend, V.E. .Fiolleti, ■ Wysox, 

 Jlfay 10, 1880. bai-. I)i.: / t,, tn..) i-iilrl .•)i!t 



I .', ■:■: !',:: ■■♦ : ,:l , Ui „ lir.]/. di 



,•/ Hi: . A HOUSEHOLD PEST. , /,; ,,i 



' 'The great matter in storing awayi'Vcihter 

 clothing for the summer mont?hs is to do so in 

 good season before the moth, which will cor- 

 rupt their goodliness, has had time or o^ior- 

 tunity to lay her eggs upon them. ' If this is 

 done, and the chest in which they are packed 

 is air-tight and lined with newspapers— ^cam- 

 phor or other drugs are needless — the garments 

 are safe for months or yoara, as may .be. This 

 spring, however, such prudence has been' im- 

 possible — the phenomenal weather 'which' has 

 called for a fan on one day and for furs on the 

 next has rendered it hece.ssary to cling to our 

 ' flannels and overcoats to the veiy last, lest 

 the penalty for shedding them be paid in neu- 

 ralgia -and catarrh. 



Therefore, in packing them double 'care is 

 necessary, lest when the chests ate optoed it 

 may be found that the' moth's eggs have been 

 laid wway to hatch ;■ that 'the costly 'fiU'S' are 

 shorn of their beauty, arid that' cashmeres 

 and cloths are riddled by the deslructive 

 borers. Airing garments, as it is usually 

 done, is often productive of much mischief, 

 since to hang them in the shade or to leave 

 them out in the cool of the evening is' merely 

 to expose them to the moth-miller. The! hot 

 sun at midday and a' good stiff breeze' ^ are 

 alike beneficial, as the first purifies the gar- 

 liieht for any inustiness of smell and the wind 

 blows out du.?tand gives rt a good shaking. A 

 good beating in tho open air is, however, the 

 best of all preparation for packing away. Fur- 

 riers use small rods, with which they whip 

 their furs well, but a thorough whisk-brushing 

 will answer every purpose. If the hairsf are 

 miatted in any sixit, or if 'there be any appear- 

 ance of moth, wet the suspected spot with 

 hartshorn (spirits! of atflmonia). Then spriinkle 

 with camphor and fold in uewsi>apei-8, so that 

 a layer of newsi\apers coVers every part of the 

 fur, with a secure outer wrapper of the same. 



The practice of sending costly furs to' the 

 furriers for storage is every year gaining 

 ground, and is' undoubtedly the betet 'and 

 safest mode of preserying fliem! Snch firms, 

 for a moderate Jjercentage on tlie cost M the 

 furs, assume all risk from raotli, fire or thieves, 

 and guarantee their return in good condition. 

 This insnrance is an especial induceraeilt to 

 people' going out of towni for the isnmmer, 

 and(it'isibecomi'ng^ai9'cUst)oiBai'yito«eiJdivalu' 



