132 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[September, 



or individual felirities. Benjamin Franldin 

 was iu France, and although afterwards 

 Governor of Pennsylvania, and participating 

 in the convention which framed the National 

 Constitution, he died in Pliiladeli>hia on the 

 17th of April, 179U, in the midst of the ex- 

 citement succeeding General Washington's 

 first election to the Presidency, in 1789. 



"The population of Philadelphia in 1782 

 was about 35,(100; of Boston, 14,000; of Xew 

 York, 21,000, and there was really no organ- 

 ized Western country. St. Louis was a vil- 

 lage, Cincinnati and Chicago unknown, New 

 Orleans in possession of the French, and all 

 that great region now covered and controlled 

 by the influence of the American Government 

 divided between the Indians, the 'Spaniards 

 and the French. 



"The second centennial of the foundation, 

 or settlement of Pennsylvania, which occurs 

 late in the autumn of 1882, is tlie proper 

 period upon which to restore and to commem- 

 orate the events of the last two hundred 

 years. And the organization we propose is 

 intended as a simple preparation for such a 

 recognition of these events as will gratefully 

 emphasize past development, and make a 

 practice and a guide for the future. In this 

 pleasing duty all interests can participate; 

 happily much has been done already by patri- 

 otic sagacity, benevolence, and generosity, 

 and our province may be rendered compara- 

 tively easy by the tact that only a single work 

 will be entrusted to us. Yet this single work 

 will include many various considerations; 

 first of these will be the classification of gen- 

 eral history, including the annals of the city 

 of Philadelphia itself, and all the various 

 counties which entered into the first proprie- 

 tary administration. 



"It is the peculiarity of new England that 

 State gratitude inspires a series of most care- 

 ful county records. Like Old England, where 

 there is hardly a shire that has not its anti- 

 quary, its poet, its biographer, and its statis- 

 tician, nearly every New England town has a 

 l^ferature of its own, and doubtless to this 

 characteristic the country at large is indebted 

 for that wonderful superiority which entitles 

 our great Eastern States to the appellation of 

 'the schoolhouse of the continent.' In Rev- 

 olutionary reminiscences Boston is singularly 

 fortunate, but not more so than Philadeliihia. 

 New York is likewise rich iu her organized 

 Eevolutionaiy incidents, but not so much as 

 Philadelphia. It is to prove these assertions, 

 to digest all the concentrated and authorita- 

 tive data of the past, to dissipate the mists of 

 tradition, to clarify our just claims to consid- 

 eration, to show our leadership iu the days 

 that tried men's souls, to distinguish the in- 

 dividual men«and historic families of this 

 vicinity and the neighboring counties, and at 

 the same time trace the progress of the last 

 two hundred years, so that the present and 

 the past may be brought together in thought- 

 ful and iu useful contrast, that the Bi-Cen- 

 tennial Association of the State of Pennsylva- 

 nia has been formed. 



"Many interesting duties will come into 

 the general plan. Not the least of them will 

 be the recital of the interesting story of the 

 early life of William Penn in England, his 

 comparatively brief residence iu this vicinity, 

 and the romantic events of his career before 

 he died. Around his character, at once so 

 peaceful, so exemplary, and so fruitful, more 

 than one aspersion has been permitted to set- 

 tle, and it will be our pleasant task, not only 

 to clear away these misrepresentations, but 

 to present him and his example to future 

 generations as the finest example of individual 

 purity, perseverance, moral courage, republi- 

 can admiijistiation, supreme toleration, and 

 unselfish magnanimity, of ancient or modern 

 times. 



"In this interesting undertaking we cheer- 

 fully invoke the bearty co-operation of all 

 classes and parties in this Commonwealth." 



In former times, all public demonstrations 

 intended to commemorate great events in the 

 history of a community, were of a military or 

 religious character; more recently, it has been 



deemed becoming to exhibit the progress 

 which has been m,ade in those arts which tend 

 to promote the intelligence, convenience, com- 

 fort and refinement of the people; and such an 

 exhibition is most appropriate, when the ob- 

 servance is intended to honor tlie memory of 

 those who composed the little colony which, 

 "by deeds of peace," laid the foundation of a 

 prosperous commonwealth, and establi.shed, 

 for the first time in the world's history, real 

 freedom of opinion and worship; not the tol- 

 eration which, as a favor, permitted men to 

 enjoy their views and faith, but the right to 

 freedom of thought and religious ceremonies, 

 as a civil principle. 



The magnificent building erected for the 

 Exposition, which made the chief feature in 

 our celebration of the Centennial of our Inde- 

 pendence, with the collection of the products 

 of the useful arts, and the experience gained 

 by that most succes.sful effort, will enable us 

 to make a superb display of the skill and in- 

 dustrj' of our country, at comparatively small 

 expense: and, consequently, we can give more 

 attention to other attractions, and the things 

 needed to aftbrd gratification to those who 

 will visit the city to observe, or to take part 

 in the ceremonies. We have the grande.st 

 park owned by any city on our continent; its 

 magnificent drives, its beautiful lawns, its 

 primitive sylvan shades so grateful in the heat 

 of summer, its pleasant variety of hill and 

 dale, its interesting Zoological Garden, the 

 Memorial Hall with its treasures of art, the 

 elegant Horticultural Hall with its instructive 

 display of rare plants, the spacious grounds 

 for athletic and equestrian sports, the roman- 

 tic Schuylkill, affording the most desirable 

 facilities for boating contests, and the many 

 artistic adornments of our great pleasm-e 

 ground, make it the most delightful place of 

 recreation in this country. Our city also has 

 many institutions of a scientific, literary and 

 artistic character, of great interest to all in- 

 telligent people; and it is well supplied with 

 every desirable luxury. 



Our aim is to make known to the people of 

 the whole country what Pennsylvania and 

 Philadelphia really are, and the progress 

 which they have made in the two centuries 

 of their existence. 



An association has been formed, which will 

 carefully consider every suggestion which 

 may be made with a view to increase the at- 

 tractions of the city, and opening communi- 

 cation with organizations and persons in 

 every part of the State and vicinity, in order 

 to arouse the peoi>le to an appreciation of the 

 occasion we propose to celebrate. We should 

 have a Bi-Ceiitennial club in every town and 

 village; and inasmuch as the result of indus- 

 trial education will form an important feature 

 of our demonstration, the boys and girls, as 

 well as the older persons, should be induced 

 to make eftbrts to produce something which 

 will show skill, talent and intelligence. 



Pennsylvania which was the youngest of the 

 "Thirteen" colonies which united to achieve 

 Independence, is now the second State of the 

 Federal Union in population, the first iu the 

 development of material resources, it was the 

 first to open a highway to the Ohio, the chief 

 in pi-oductive industries, the first to construct 

 an "iron way," which furnishes fuel to other 

 States, and power to drive their machinery, 

 which gives light to distant nations; whose 

 career was begun by a treaty with unlettered 

 aborigines, which "was not sealed by an oath, 

 and was never broken;" which was the home 

 of Oliver Evans, Rittenhouse, Benjamin 

 West, Fitch, Fulton, Merrick and Baldwin, 

 and which offers free education to every 

 youth in the community, has in its history 

 enough to excite an honorable pride in the 

 bosom of every citizen, and a desire to do 

 honor to its founder. 



Philadelphia, the youngest of the great 

 cities of the Atlantic slope, which is now sec- 

 ond in population, but first in extent and 

 capability of expansion, the great centre of 

 industrial enterprise, the "City of Homes," 

 long famous for the health mid jirosperity of 

 its inhabitants, and the abundant supply of 



all the good things which make life pleasant, 

 whose scientific and educational institutions 

 have a reputation beyond tlie limits of our 

 Union; iu which the first Congress determined 

 upon the freedom of our Republic, assembled, 

 in which the Declaration of Independence 

 was uttered, iu which the Constitution of the 

 United States was adopted, and in which 

 Washington's Farewell Address was deliver- 

 ed; in which Franklin discovered the identity 

 of electricity and lightning ; Godfrey con- 

 trived the nautical quadrant ; Dr. Hare in- 

 vented the oxyhydrogen blow-pipe, which has 

 taken the lead in steamship construction on 

 this side of the ocean ; and which has the 

 only line of steamers trading to Europe which 

 carries the American flag ; certainly is suffl- 

 eiently rich in events which mark the pro- 

 gress of enlightenment, to arou.se a warm and 

 earnest feeling of patriotism in the heart of 

 every dweller in Penn's great city of 

 "Brotherly Love." 



The year 1882 is also the one hundred and 

 fiftieth anniversary of the birth of Washing- 

 ton ; and masmuch as his history is intimately 

 connected with that of Pennsylvania, it will 

 be most jiroper to celebrate it at the same 

 time. 



Associations of ladies will take part in the 

 celeliration of our two hundredth anniversary; 

 and a "Cadet Order of tlie Bi-Centennial of 

 William Penn in America" is about to be in- 

 stituted. 



The terms of membership are an entrance 

 fee of one dollar, and an annual contribution 

 of two dollars. 



Those who pay five dollars will be placed 

 on the list of " Permanent Members," and 

 will not be required to make further contri- 

 butions. 



It is expected that public-spirited citizens 

 will not wait to be urged to take part in this 

 movement. The time for preparation will be 

 none too long. 



For more particular information address 

 J. T. Stavely, or .1. W. Burns, 

 Treasurer, Correspondincj Sec'j/, 



Nos. 237-9 Dock-St., Philadelphia. 



Q*UERIES AND ANSWERS. 



SADDLE MOTH. 



Salisbury, N. C, August 15, 1880. 



Dk. S. S. Rathvon — Dear Str : I send you eome- 

 tliiug. What it is I know not, but while examiniu^ 

 the leaves of a young May cherry tree it stung me 

 in the second finger, between the knuckle-bone and 

 the first joint. The sting was sharp and somewhat 

 painful. I immediately took the wrapper from a 

 cigar I was smoking when stung, and wrapped it 

 around my finger, and in exactly one-half hour the 

 pain had left me, and the only trace left of the sting 

 was a dark pink spot, about the size of a small 

 three-cent piece. I carried it two squares und met a 

 colored man on the way, who said it was a "saddle 

 bug;" that it could sting "all over," and that the 

 sting of it was rank poison. I had never seen such 

 a bug, nor heard or read of a "saddle bug." Would 

 like to know its common and technical names, if not 

 any Uoublc to you to give them. 



I have a German book, printed in 1761, the title of 

 it is, "Des Landsmans Advocate," Philadelphia. 

 Gedruclt by Hcnrich Miller, in der Sweyten strasee, 

 fur den Berfasser, 1761. I cannot even read German, 

 but am satisfied that the title of it is "The Country- 

 man's Adviser." If you desire I will mail it to you 

 I'or your inspection. Answer in The Lancaster 

 Farmer.— ItespeelfuUy, Martin Richwine. 



Any news from an old native of Lancaster 

 county is of interest to its present local resi- 

 dents ; and the longer they have been absent 

 from the "Fatherland," and the farther away 

 from its borders they may have temporarily or 

 permanently settled themselves, the more in- 

 teresting, especially when we have the assur- 

 ance that they are still in sympathy with the 

 "dear old home." 



The "something" which you enclosed in 

 your letter was "smashed as flat as a pan- 

 cake ;" nevertheless, it is the best, preserva- 

 tion of an insect larva, and its food-plant we 

 have ever seen, and tlie result thus uncon- 

 sciously developed, is very suggestive in de- 

 vising means for a similar end on future oc- 

 casions. It is far superior to a picture, and 



