i44 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[ September, 1880. 



How to Get a Large Yield of Rich Milk. 



If you desire to get a large yield of rich milli give 

 your C0W6, every day, water eliglitly salted, in which 

 bran has been stirred at the rate of ouc quart to two 

 gallons ofwater. You will find.if you have not tried 

 this daily practice, that your cow will give '25 per 

 cent, more milk immediately under the effects of it, 

 and she will become so accustomed to the diet as to 

 refuse to drink clear water, unless very thirsty. 



Health of Horses. 



The health and comfort of horses have of late 

 years been greatly improved by the better construc- 

 tion of stables. They are made more roomy and 

 lofty, and provided with means of thorough ventila- 

 tion. In many new stables, lofts are done away 

 with, or the floor of the loft is kept well above the 

 horses' heads, ana ample shafts are introduced to 

 convey away foul air. By perforated bricks and 

 gratings under the mangers and elsewhere round 

 the walls, and also by windows and ventilators, 

 abundance of pure air is secured for the horses ; 

 while being introduced in moderate amount and 

 from various directions, to come in without draught. 

 Too much draught is almost an unknown stable 

 luxury. To secure a constant supply of pure air, 

 horses require more cubic space than they generally 

 enjoy. Even when animals are stabled at night, a 

 minimum of twelve hundred cubic feet should be 

 allowed. In England the newer cavalry barracks 

 give a minimum of fifteen hundred and nine feet, 

 with a ground area of fully ninety square feet per 

 horse, and the best huntinsr and carriage horses have 

 more room. — Jmirt/al of Chemistry. 



Harness Sores on Horses. 

 There are few things which cause more delay and 

 trouble in farm work during these hot months of 

 summer than the galls and sores that come upon 

 the shoulders and backs of work horses. A vast 

 amount of hard work must be done, and the ani- 

 mals are strong and well enough to do it, provided 

 there are not these painful sores that their applving 

 themselves to the labor. A horse with shoulder or 

 back galls, or both, suSers pain when it is put into 

 the harness. The direct cause of these sores is the 

 friction to which the parts are subjected, combined 

 with the excessive heat and great flow of sweat. In- 

 flammation and chafing of the skin are produced 

 much more readily in hot than in cold weather, be- 

 cause the conditions of greater friction are then 

 present. The preventive is in reducing the friction 

 to the least possible amount. In the fii-st place, the 

 harness must fit closely and smoothly to the form of 

 the horse, that the weight of the load may be uni- 

 formly distributed over the surface beneath the har- 

 ness. Secondly, the horse should be in a healthy 

 state, that the muscles and skin may be of their 

 normal toughness, and the sweating not unnaturally 

 profuse. This involves the proper care and feeding 

 of the horse. A poorly kept animal, or one not in 

 good he.ilth, will become sore more readily than one 

 in good health. When the sores are already formed 

 a speedy cure is the thing needed. Sponge "carefully 

 the afflicted parts to remove all accumulations from 

 sweat. Then bathe with a lotion of alum and tan- 

 nin, with a little laudanum added. All pre.isure 

 upon the sore should be removed by a proper adjust- 

 ment of the harness, and, if necessary, keep the 

 horse from work until cured. — AgricuUnrUt. 



Scours in Calves. 



It has been my province for several years to take 

 charge of the calves, and I have had very good 

 luck, but find that when they first begin to eat sour 

 milk they are generally apt to scour, and if the 

 looseness is not ciiecked, it reduces them. Now, as 

 an ounce of preventive is better than a pound of cure, 

 I use about a great spoonful of jirepared chalk iu 

 their drink. I stir it into the milk, and they never 

 mind it. One dose is sufficient as a general rule. 

 Another good thing for the calves is occasionally to 

 throw a shovelful of fresh earth upon the floor of 

 the stable where they can see it. They will lick it 

 up, and seem to enjoy it very much . Wheh they 

 are old enough to be turned out, they generally help 

 themselves to a few licks of earth every day. It 

 seems to be a natural instinct, and something that 

 they crave. 



I used to give rennet, or a solution of rennet just 

 as it is prepared for cheese making, when a calf 

 scoured ; a couple of spoonfuls in six quarts of milk ; 

 but I like the prepared chalk much better. It can 

 be procured at any drug store at small cost ; and it 

 is a very handy thing to use, and has always proved 

 very efficacious, not only in preventing, but also in 

 curing the complaint. I think the earth is quite a 

 necessary item, and as I have never seen anything 

 written or printed about it, I have ventured to sug- 

 gest that those who are raising calves should supply 

 the little creatures with fresh earth, and see how 

 much they relish it. I take it from the garden, and 

 it is better to be moist than dry. 



When I begin to feed meal to the calves I use wheat 

 canaille, or shorts, preferring it to anything else. 1 

 take half a pint, pour boiling water on it in a pail. 



stir it well, put iu a teaspoonful of salt, and then fill 

 the pail (which holds ten ciuarts) with sour milk, 

 and stir it well. I feed this twice a day, and give 

 them erood bright biiy for dinner. They thrive well, 

 and seem well satisfied with their rations. — Farmer's 

 ^Vife, i/i Country Gentleman. 



Apiary. 



Autumn Management. 



Mr. A. J. King, editor of the Bee-Eecpers' Maga- 

 zine, gives the following timely and sensible advice 

 in the August number of that journal : 



All successful apiarists know that to winter safely 

 and have stocks in a condition in spring to avoid 

 "spring dwindlings," preparations to secure these 

 objects must be made during the summer and fall. 

 At least three conditions must be complied with to 

 accomplish the desired result. 1. Plenty of good 

 scaled houey stored in the summer. 2. Plenty of 

 young bees reared in the fall. .3. A warm hive which 

 will retain heat, pass off all excess of moisture, and 

 at the same time, except in the far north, permit the 

 bees to fly out during the warm days frequently oc- 

 curring in the latter part of winter and early spring. 

 If these simple requiraments are fnlly complied with 

 we believe that nine-tenths of the maladies afflictinu- 

 our bees, and an equal amount of the dismal howl- 

 ing of bee men (?) would at once disappear. This 

 new industry would then assume an aspect at cjnce 

 inviting and lucrative. Honey stored in June and 

 July is thicker and contains less acid than that stored 

 lateV in the season, and for this reason is a better win- 

 ter food than fall honey; hence during these months 

 full frames of honey should be removed from the hives 

 and be put away in a dark, dry and airy room for 

 wintering purpoees, and their places in the hive be 

 filled with frames full of comb foundation set in the 

 centre of the hive ; and if a dearth of honey in the 

 flowers occurs, just feed a little syrup from best 

 brown sugar each evening from the entrance of the 

 hive, thus rapid breeding will be promoted, and by 

 the time the fall floivers "spread their honey petals 

 to the bees " you willhave a perfect host of young, 

 vigorous workers to store it away. And as those 

 who are posted know that bees are not inclined to 

 store honey in the boxes in fall, you should "take 

 the hint" by using the extractor and always re- 

 placing the empty combs in the centre of the breed 

 ing department of the hive, a process which in- 

 variably excites the bees to the most intense activity, 

 and which the "knowing ones" take advantage of 

 and in consequence take thousands of pounds of 

 honey, while you complainers either suck your fin- 

 gers, or stand with your hands in your pockets won- 

 dering why your bees cluster on the outside of the 

 hive and appear so lazy. When this fall harvest is 

 going on, the queen will appropriate enough of the 

 space in these centre frames of the empty comb to 

 insure a sufficient number of the young bees to go 

 into winter quarters with. Lastly, extract all , the 

 combs containing honey, and no brood to speak of, 

 and set them aw.ay for use in early spring, and in 

 their place put the frames full of summer stored 

 honey. Now, with about six or seven frames in 

 the centre of each hive, bring the porous, close-fitting 

 division boards close up. Place a chaff cushion on 

 top of the frames about four inches thick. Leave 

 the air holes in each end of the cap open, con- 

 tract the entrance to about one inch space, and your 

 bees will pass the severest winters of this latitude on 

 their summer stands, and begin breeding rapidly by 

 the middle of March,whe.uyour empty combs should 

 be brought into use for the queen to fill up with 

 eggs. Feed a little regularly, and by the time the 

 first honey harvest of the spring comes your stocks 

 wdl be in condition to store it in the little boxes 

 ■which they will now use freely. Thus, by the con- 

 stant supply of young bees, the use of a good article 

 of honey for wintei, the absence of an over-tupply 

 of moisture in the hive, you have all the conditions 

 to insure success. And if you will but follow out our 

 plan given here in a nut shell, j'ou will succeed nine 

 times out of ten; but if you are too stingy to feed 

 your bees when they need it, too timid to examine 

 into their condition, too lazy or stupid to post your- 

 self on the correct theory of bees in order to read 

 their condition and know their needs as soon as you 

 see the interior of the hive, or if you are afraid of 

 steady hard work and imagine your bees "will work 

 for nothing and board both themselves and you," 

 then we advise you by all means to quit the business, 

 for you will only disgrace it and bring unmerited 

 contempt on our little favorites, the bees. We like 

 custom and enjoy the profits arising from a large 

 business, but not well enough to encourage a lot of 

 blunderheads to engage in or continue a business for 

 which they were never qualified. 



Literary and Personal. 



New Facts in a New Form.— The enterprising 

 editor whose ambition it is to keep pace with all the 

 affairs of the day needs all possible data at his im- 



mediate command. One of the best helps in this 

 direction is "TheAmerican Treasury of Facts," com- 

 piled by Hon. A. R. Spofford, Librarian of Congress, 

 and published by Messrs. H. H. Warner & Co., pro- 

 prietors of the renowned Safe Kidney and Liver 

 Cure. This work contains a vast variety of national 

 statistics, and is of great value to all who take an 

 interest in American affairs. Much credit is, there- 

 fore, due to the compiler, as well as to Messrs. 

 Warner & Co. 



8 iBreeder's Live Stock Jouknal.-A royal quarto 

 journal of sixteen pages, illustrating the "Economy 

 of production, and the value of product as a standard 

 of merit." Published monthly by the "Breeders' 

 Live Stock Association," at Beecher, Will county, 

 III., at $1 a year, .50 cents for six months and 25 cents 

 for .5 months. T.L. Miller, President ; E. S. Shockey, 

 Secretary. No. 6, Vol. I., of this new enterprise has 

 reached our table and presents a remarkably interest- 

 ing table of contents of more than ordinary ability, 

 and places the State of Illinois, in her live stock and 

 agricultural publications, far in advance of any 

 other State in the Union, with perhaps the single ex- 

 ception of New York. Live stock isevidently a larger 

 factor in the husbandry of Illinois than it^s in that 

 of Pennsylvania. 



The Antediluvian. — A'monthly review of cur- 

 rent literature ; a royal octavo of 16 pages, edited 

 and published by E. W. Foster, 13'3 Dearborn street, 

 Chicago, 111., at .50 cents per year. Circulation 10,000 

 copies. In addition to other interesting literary mat- 

 ter it contains book lists of liistory, travels, illus- 

 trated works and magazines, works in parts, masonic, 

 agriculture, lives and biographies, miscellaneous, 

 itc., of various large publisliing houses. 



Magazines, pamphlets, quartos and folios received : 



Maqaziiies and Panvphlets. — Gardeners' Monthly, 

 Botanical Index, Vick's Floral Guide, Park's Floral 

 Magazine, American Farmer, Wallace's Monthly, 

 American Bee Journal, Southern Planter and Farmer, 

 The Laws of Life, The Lecturer, International Re- 

 view, Condition of the Crops for August, 1880, School 

 Journal, ifee. 



Q»(nr(o.<i.— American Agriculturist, Nebraska 

 Farmer, Farmers' Friend, VVestern Agriculturist, 

 Sugar Beet, Jhe Farm, Farm Journal, Floral Month- 

 ly, Musical Herald, Travelers' Record American 

 Garden, American Stockman, &c. 



Folios. — Germantown Telegraph, Prairie Farmer, 

 Colman's Rural World, Massachusetts Ploughman, 

 New Hampshire Farmer, &c., regularly, and many 

 others irregularly. 



An Editorial Vade Mecum. — The American 

 Almanac and treasury of facts— statistical, financial 

 and political — for 1880. Edited by Ainsworth R. 

 Spofford, Librarian of Congress, and published by 

 the American News Company of New York, con- 

 tains the largest amount of useful information, 

 condensed into the smallest and most convenient 

 space of any publication of a similar character that 

 has ever been brought to our notice. This 12mo. of 

 294 pages is issued under the auspices of H. H. 

 Warner & Co., proprietors of Warner's Safe Reme- 

 dies, Rochester, New York, and can only be im- 

 proved on by adding the census of ls80. As it is, 

 however, bringing all its information down to De- 

 cember 31, 1879, it is invaluable to the farmer, the 

 mechanic, the commercial man and the politician. 

 In the brief space that we can appropriate to a no- 

 tice of this publication, we cannot go into the details 

 of the work. Suffice it to say that there is scarcely 

 a subject in the whole catalogue of human know- 

 ledge upon which there is not something instruc- 

 tive and useful in its pages ; and, like the old 

 schoolmaster in " Goldsmith's Deserted Village," 

 we may wonder how one small bead could possibly 

 contain so much. The matter is mainly tabulated, 

 arranged and indexed for convenient reference, and 

 it is therefore a valuable adjunct to the editorial 

 sanctum. The popular edition, in paper covers, 

 (limp) is only 2.5 cents, about the price of three 

 good cigars, or a dish of stewed oysters. To be had 

 at H. H. Warner tt Co.'s advertising agency, Ro- 

 chester, New York. 



History of Jersey Farm Dairy, San Bruno, 

 Cal., R. G. Sneath, proprietor. No. 837 Howard 

 street, and 3.50 Thoma street, San Francisco. A 

 handsome little 12mo. pamphlet of 24 pages, with 

 four microscopic illustrations of pure and impure 

 milk. This is not only an exceedingly well gotten up 

 pamphlet, mechanically, but also of a superior 

 character in its literary composition, condensing a 

 large amount of information into a limited space, and 

 useful not only to local dairying, but also to the sub- 

 ject in general. 



Fiction in Public Libraries, by Wm. Kite, 

 Librarian of the "Friends' Free Library," German- 

 town, Philadelphia, Pa. A handsome little 12mo. of 

 8 pages, and, of course, as may be implied from its 

 title, averse to works of fiction in public libraries ; a 

 sentiment our understanding endorses so far as it is 

 an abuse, without committing ourself unqualifiedly 

 against its use, under reasonable limitations. 



