166 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[November, 



in American vines (that is not in tlie Frencli) 

 to wliicli may be attributed their power of 

 resisting the pliylloxera '? To this a French 

 agricultural cliemist replies: "I tind rnalic 

 acid in all American vines and not a trace of 

 it in native French vines. " This may induce 

 examination to determine if it be diminution 

 of malic acid in our apple tribe that invites 

 the codling moth to destroy it.— BaUimorc 

 Sun. 



PREPARING AND SEEDING GROUND 

 FOR MEADOWS. 

 Tlie practice of sowing grass and clover 

 alone without any so-called foster crop is be- 

 coming general. It is found that the sup- 

 posed nursing crop has quite a different effect 

 from fostering or encouraging the tender 

 grass, but chiefly robs and destroys it, unless 

 the soil is unusually rich. The more success- 

 ful practice is to prepare the soil by th(3rongh 

 plowing— rolling if necessary, and harrowing 

 so as to procure a line tillh, and sow the seed 

 early in the spring, without any accompany- 

 ing crop. The pi-eparation of the soil in the 

 spring is completed by a dressing of tine ma- 

 nure, and a thorough harrowing, a shallow 

 plowing being given if necessary. Harrowing 

 will be sutiicient in the majority of cases. 

 After a fine harrowing the seed is sown. A 

 mixture will be found most satisfactory. 

 Mixed crops, as a rule, yield in proportion to 

 the increase of seed. Thusu usual seeding of 

 timothy or clover, or both, will give a certain 

 quantity of hay ; if orchard-grass is added, a 

 crop of hay will be taken equal in amount to 

 that expected from the timothy or clover, but 

 two or three weeks earlier. A second crop 

 may be taken later, of which the timothy will 

 furnish the bulk, and the orchard-grass will 

 fill up the bottom. If Kentucky blue gra.ss is 

 added, or Khode Island bent, a later crop will 

 be given, which can be mowed for rowen, or 

 will give the best of fall pasture without in- 

 jury to the roots of the timothy or orchard- 

 grass. The mixture here indicated is one that 

 may be suggested for trial. It has been tried 

 and found successful and desirable in all cases, 

 and deserves a more extended application. 

 The seed has been sown in the following pro- 

 portions : One bushel of orchard-grass, one- 

 half bushel of Kentucky blue grass, one-half 

 bushel of Rhode Island bent, ten pounds of 

 timothy, and six pounds of red clover. The 

 blue grass appears later than the others, and 

 fills up the vacant spaces left by the falling 

 clover, which disappears after the second 

 year. The advantage of the mixture is 

 chiefly that a tine thick bottom is produced, 

 w'hicli covers and protects the ground between 

 the stools of the coarser grasses, and which 

 furnishes a second crop for hay and a third 

 for pasture. For soiling purposes the mixed 

 seeding is even more useful than for pastu)'age, 

 as the grass may be cut at any .season without 

 danger of injury from a dry spell. These 

 jiarticulars are more pertinent for the spring 

 than the present season, yet if one would 

 avail himself of them he must make prepara- 

 tion now, and not delay. — A)n. Ayriculturist. 



NEW YORK TOBACCO MARKET. 



Messrs. .J. S. Gans, Son & Co.. Tobacco 

 Brokers, of No. 86 Wall street, New York, 

 report moderate activity in that market dur- 

 ing the month of October. They contirm 

 what we have several times said about the 

 large sales of this year's crop in New York 

 and Connecticut. The export demand has 

 improved a little. 



Moderate activity has prevailed throughout 

 the month, and whilst no very large lots have 

 changed hands, we notice a gradual absorp- 

 tion of all sorts at satisfactory prices, with 

 continued inquiry from manufacturers, but 

 few of whom hold large stocks. 



Penn.sylvania continues the favorite, and 

 although a fair business was done in New 

 England tobaccos the demand for this sort 

 has latterly fallen oil'. 



Ohio meets with more favor, chiefly for 

 binder purposes. 



In new crop we deprecate at this early sea- 

 son to report large transactions in New York 

 State, particularly "Flats," and moderate 

 purchasing in Connecticut ; although the 

 quantity of the former is limited, it might 

 have just as well been bought 60 or even S)0 

 days later, then certainly at tower figures 

 and more intelligently. So far the curing 

 season has been unfavorable, and l)uyers of 

 tobacco on the poles are assuming risks which 

 prudent merchants should not. 



Considerable Ohio and some few lots of low 

 graded Pennsylvania have been disposed of in 

 IBremen, but at very low figures. 

 Sales. 

 Crop of 1878. 



New England, 50 cases. 



Fennsylvauia, ----- 1.50 " 



New York, ----- 50 " 



Ohio, - 3;i0 " 



Ckop op 1879. 



Total sales, - - - - 10,'i80 " 



Of wliich 730 cases were for export. 



Quotations. 



Pennsylvania : Crop of 1879. 



Assorted lots, low, - - - - 10 @13 



do fair, - - - 13 (ajl6 



do fine, - - - - 18 @-22 



Wrappers, ----- 18 @45 



Fillers, ------ 6 @ 7^ 



Exports of Seed Leaf and Cuttings since January 

 1st, a4,002 cases; same time last year, 18,400 cases. 



ARABIAN MODE FOR TAMING 

 HORSES. 

 The horse castor is a wart or excrescence 

 which grows on every horse's fore legs and 

 generally on the hind legs. It has a peculiar 

 rank, musty smell, and is easily pulled off. 

 The ammoniacal effluvia of the . lior.se seems 

 peculiarly to concentrate in this part; its very 

 strong odor has a very great attraction for all 

 animals — especially canine and the horse 

 himself. 



For the oil of cumin, the horse has an in- 

 stinctive passion — both are original natives of 

 Arabia, and when the horse scents the odor, 

 he is instinctively drawn towards it. 



The oil of rhodium possesses peculiar 

 properties. All animals seem to cherish a 

 fondness for it, and it exercises a kind of 

 subduing influence over them. 



The directions given foi taming horses are 

 as follows : 



Procure some horse castor and grate fine. 

 Also get some oil of rhodium and oil of cumin, 

 and keep the three separate in air-tiglit 

 bottles. 



Rub a little of the oil of cumin upon your 

 hands and approach the horse on the wind- 

 ward sidf, so that he can smell the cumin. 

 The horse will let you come up to him without 

 any trouTtle. 



immediately rub your hand gently on the 

 horse's nose, getting a little of the oil on it. 

 You can then lead him anywhere. 

 Give him a piece of the castor on a piece of 

 loaf sugar, apple or potato. 



Put nine drops of the oil of rhodiimi into a 

 lady's silver thimble between the thumb and 

 middle finger of your right hand, with the 

 forefinger stopping the thimble, to prevent 

 the oil from running out whilst you are open- 

 ing the mouth of the horse. 



As soon as you have opened the horse's 

 mouth tip the thimble over upon his tongue 

 and he is your servant. He will follow you 

 like a pet dog. 



Ride fearlessly and promptly, with your 

 knees pressed to the horse's side, and your 

 toes turned in and heels out ; and then you 

 will always be on the alert froiu a .shy or sheer 

 from the horse, and he can never throw you. 

 Then, if you want to teach him to lie down 

 stand on his right or left side, have a couple 

 of leather strays, about six feet long ; string 



up his left leg with one of them round his 

 neck ; strap the other end of it over his 

 shoulders ; hold it in your hand gently, firmly, 

 and steadily pulling on the strait, touching 

 him lightly on the knee with a switch. The 

 horse will immediately lie down. Do this a 

 few times and you can make him lie down 

 without the straps 



He is now your pupil and your friend. You 

 can teach him anything, only be kind to him, 

 be gentle. Love him and he will love you. 

 Feed him before you feed yoiuself, and keep 

 him clean, and at night always give hiin a 

 good bed, at least a foot deep. 



In the winter season don't let liim stand 

 out a long time in the cold without shelter or 

 covering, for remember that the horse is a 

 native of a warm climate, and in many re- 

 spects his constitution is as tender as a man's. 

 — Hebreio Leader. 



HOW THE WOODMAN'S AXE IS DE- 

 CIMATING THE MICHIGAN PINE- 

 RIES. 



Alpena is one of the many beautiful Michi- 

 gan towns that are springing up along the 

 lake shore at the mouths of rivers whose 

 tributaries flow through the great pine forests 

 of the State. Every river throughout the 

 constantly receding timber belt of Micliigan, 

 now reaching from the Saginaw Vallev to the 

 Straits of Mackinaw, sufliciently large" to float 

 a raft of logs, becomes a highway between the 

 lumber camps, wherein motley crews of men, 

 gathered for a few winter months from all 

 nations of the world, rob the forests of their 

 precious pine. The time is near when the 

 pine, hoarded by nature for ages within the 

 bosom of her forests, will be exhausted ; 

 when the rough woodsman will have departed 

 to other lands ; when the sawmills, now 

 bustling with life, will stand silent and de- 

 serted. What is to be the future of this re- 

 gion when that time shall arrive V Is it to 

 remain a useless waste, awaiting the slow 

 restoration of its forests ? It is certain that 

 the agricultural value of the land, stripped of 

 its pine, is proving to be much greater than 

 was formerly supposed. Clearings are being 

 made, and good crops of wheat, oats, hay and 

 potatoes raised. A tide of emigration in this 

 way is following the woodchoiipers, and con- 

 verting the mutilated forests into prosperous 

 farms. .When the terrible forest tires of 

 Michigan swept over 10,000 acres of fine land 

 along the Lake Huron coast, south of Saginaw 

 Bay, and destroyed whole towns, many lives, 

 and millions of dollars worth of property, the' 

 lumbering interests were utterly destroyed. 

 Not a single mill, I am told, in all that region 

 has since been built. It was thought the tire 

 had ruined the future of the burned district, 

 and that it would be henceforth valueless. 

 These fires occurred the year of the Chicago 

 fire, just ten years ago, and to-day this burnt 

 district is said to be the finest farming region 

 of the State. 



The destruction of the pineries of Michigan, 

 Wisconsin and Minnesota is a matter of im- 

 portance. How long will the forests of these 

 three States that contain the chief stores of 

 |iine timber on this continent east of the 

 Rocky Mountains continue to supply the 

 enormous drains being made upon them ? One 

 example will show how rapid is the process of 

 destruction. The Saginaw valley formerly 

 contained the largest and finest pine forests in 

 Michigan. Mill after mill was built along 

 the banks of the river, until their united 

 capacity reached 600,000,000 feet of lumber 

 per year. To supply these mills the pine in 

 the Saginaw valley has been already in great 

 part exhausted, and the mill owners are 

 obliged to bring logs from other rivers, often 

 as far as 150 miles distant, to supplement the 

 stock of the Saginaw river. The output on 

 the river has reached its climax. No more 

 new mills are built or old ones replaced. The 

 business must gradually diminish in volume 

 until the Saginaw valley, now the greatest 

 lumber district in the world, shall hear the 

 buzz of tlie saw no more. 

 Talking to a gentleman of Alpena, who has 



