64 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[April, 1881. 



Clam Chowder. — One quarter pound of fat pork, 

 one quart of white onions, two quarts of potatoes, 

 ono cents' worth of parsley ; one-half dozen large 

 tomatoes, fifty clams ; cut the pork in small pieces 

 and fry ; chop the onions fine and fry ; boil the pota- 

 toes ; chop the clams moderately fine ; put all the 

 ingredients together and let simmer gently until the 

 tomatoes are cooked. Thr above quantity makes 

 one gallon of chowder. 



Ckow's Nest. — Fill a deep pudding tin or dish 

 with apples cut in thin slices ; sugar and cinnamon, 

 or lemon, to sweeten and flavor to taste, and a little 

 water ; cover with a thick crust madQ as above ; 

 hake until apples are tender ; serve hot with hard 

 sauce, or with cream and sugar ; be sure to cut air 

 holes in the crust to let the steam escape. 



Potted Meat.— Remove all gristle, hard pieces 

 and fat from the meat ; mince it very Hue, and 

 pound it in a mortar with a little butter, some gravy, 

 well freed from fat, and a spoonful of Harvey or 

 Worcester sauce ; beat it to a smooth paste, season- 

 ing during the process with pounded clove or all- 

 spice, mace or grated nutmeg, salt, and a little 

 cayenne; put it in pots, press it close down, and 

 cover with clarified butter, or with marrow fat. 



Poor Man's .Sweet Cake.— One cup of sugar, 

 one cup of sour cream, one-half cup of butter, one 

 egg, half a teaspoouful of soda, one-half a nutmeg, 

 grated fine ; flour enough to make a ^tilf batter, 

 gratedn s slow oven. 



Potato Salad. — Take about ten nice, tnealy, 

 freshly boiled potatoes; when they are quite cool 

 cut them in thin slices and plac tliem in nn earthen 

 dish ; add vinegar, pepper, salt, and olivi--oil to taste ; 

 mix with a wooden spoon; add a chopped onion and 

 parsley, also, if desired, add capers. 



To Eemove Ink Stains from Printed Books. 

 ^Procure a pennyworth of oxalic acid, which dis- 

 solve in a small quantity of warm water ; then 

 slightly wet the stain with it, when it will disappear, 

 leaving the leaf uninjured. 



Baked Corn Meal Pudding.— Boil two quarts 

 of sweet milk ; scald it in seven tablespoons of corn 

 meal. When a little cool, add salt, three eggs and 

 half a teacup of sugar or syrup; season with nut- 

 meg. Bake in a moderate «ven oven over three 

 hours. 



California Pudding.— Chop and pound to a 

 paste a quarter of a pound of candied orange peel ; 

 put it into a stew pan in which you have melted 

 three-quarters of a pound of butter and the same of 

 sugar; stir all together and then add the yolks of 

 twelve eggs ; put into a buttered dish and bake. 



Live Stock. 



Attention to Swine. 



The average American farmer pays entirely too lit- 

 tle attention to the health and absolute wants of their 

 swine. Not a few keep their hogs closely confined in 

 vile and filthy pens, where neither enough light or 

 exercise can be had. Common decency and our com- 

 mon interests demand that American stock must be 

 kept free from diseases. Foreign countries are de- 

 pending upon us for meat supplies, but from the 

 complaints made in prominent French journale of 

 diseased hog products received from America, it be- 

 gins to look very much as if our foreign export trade 

 might be irreparably crippled by the filthy and 

 criminal carelessness of a few of our worthless 

 farmers who do not take the necessary sanitary pre- 

 cautions to keep hogs healthy, and who do not hesi- 

 tate for a moment to send off to market hogs from 

 an infected drove, or even animals that are sick. 

 Among the worst needed things at Chicago is an in- 

 spector who would condemn and kill every diseased 

 hog. 



By those who know not whereof they speak, it is 

 frequently said and thought that hogs are more .uni- 

 form in quality and sell at a more narrow range of 

 prices than do cattle. The idea is absurd, to say the 

 least. The quality of hogs varies just as much as 

 any other class of stock, and like cattle, a heavy 

 average weight is not always indicative of good 

 quality. For instance, a drove of soft, "ghuffy" 

 hogs, averaging 200 pounds, will not bring as much 

 per hundred, by fully 10@15c., as a lot of well bred, 

 firm hogs that weigh twenty pounds Jess on an 

 average. Good breeding and careful selection is just 

 as essential in making" the best selling pork as in 

 producing any other kind of stock calculated to 

 realize top prices —Dfover's Journal. 



Hereford Cattle. 

 Though the Herelbrd breed of cattle has not as 

 yet been exclusively introduced into this section of 

 the country, its excellencies are commanding the 

 situation at many other points, notably in England, 

 Australia, South America and in our western 

 country. It is a matter of record that not only in 

 the London market have they been quoted from one 

 to two cents a pound above the Short-horns, but that 

 the Hereford steer has a record over the Short-horn, 

 and the same record shows that the Hereford steer 



has made as good weights as the Short-horn at any 

 given age. And now the Bath and West of England 

 society has awarded the two champion prizes, for 

 best male and female in the show, to the Herefords. 

 Coupling this with the fact that during the same re- 

 cord he has always brought better prices, and 

 another established fact that he has always been a 

 more economical feeder and grazer, is it not strange 

 that the press and agricultural societies have not 

 been more ready to encourage them ? 



A recent sale of one hundred Hereford bulls in 

 England lor eliipniLiit to the grazing regions of 

 Buenos kynn .sImuv.^ iln' rsi iiuation in which this 

 famous stock is ilurr li.ia. The Herefords have 

 made more rapid pr. u^ri'ss in public favor at the 

 west in the last live years, than ev«r was made by 

 any other breed of cattle in America in the same 

 time. In Colorado and Wyoming there are several 

 herds of from .30,000 to 70,000 head, that are using 

 all the Hereford bulls they eau get, and already at 

 the Union stock yards at Chicago, and at the St. 

 Louis and Kansas City stock yards, these steers are 

 commanding the top prices, while flAe years ago 

 they were not known in these yards. In five years 

 more they will be quoted in all the markets, as they 

 have been in the London market in England for the 

 last hundred years or thereabouts. 



The Hereford cattle are tough and hardy, and 

 thrive on a diet both in quality and quantity tha 

 would be unprofitable in the short-horns. The cattle 

 are very large in size, make excellent beef, are fair 

 milkers, especially when crossed with other kinds, 

 and are withal quite handsome, being red-bodied, 

 with white markings and white face, the latter being 

 an invariable mark of the kind. — American CnlHva- 



Why Cattle and other Stock Die toward 

 Spring. 

 When the stock is not regularly fed, and the sup- 

 ply of respiratory food is deficient, nature avails her- 

 self of the fat previously stored in the animal's body, 

 as fuel (o sustain the animal heat; and where the 

 food is deficient, and there is no accumulation of fat 

 to supply its place, the muscle and other portions of 

 the body are consumed, and death by gradual starva- 

 tion is the consequence. Farmers, keep your stock 

 well fed if you do not want to sustain losses toward 

 spring. — Farm Jo^irnal. 



Literary and Personal. 



Crawford's Strawberry- CuLTtTBE, with cata- 

 logue, "free to all." Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, for 

 1881. This is an octavo pamphletof 3Spp., in tinted 

 covers, descriptive of t,wenty-nine of the most popu- 

 lar varieties of the strawberry, together with their 

 mode of culture, the insects that prey upon them, 

 and the remedies for their prevention, expulsion and 

 destruction; including the questions of irrigation, 

 manuring, testing, fertilizing, etc. 



Annual Catalogue of Franklin and Mar- 

 shall College, for 1880-1'^81, 36 pp., octavo, in 

 paper covers, including also the catalogue of the 

 Theological Seminary, their faculties, number and 

 names of students, courses of study, prices of tui- 

 tion, etc. 



E. B. Case's Botanical Index, spring supple- 

 ment for .March, 1881, Kichmond, Indiana, 20 pp., 

 octavo, splendidly illustrated, including a splendid 

 colored frontisplece,embracingtwo choice varieties of 

 pelargonum, natural size. Mr. C. does not only tell 

 to the public what he has, but also tells how the 

 public may obtain or produce the same, with practi- 

 cal views upon cultivation, etc. 



The Sugar Beet, (4t,h quarterly number) , a royal 

 quarto of i;0 pp., finely illustrated with designs of 

 the most elaborate machinery. The Sugar Beet is 

 begining to loom up in the progress of domestic pro- 

 duction, and ought to, and doubtless eventually will 

 succeed. 



The Naturalist's Leisure Hours, a monthly 

 bulletin of science and practice, published by Dr. A. 

 E. Foote, 1223 Belmont Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 

 A-u interesting 16 pp. octavo, and of special value to 

 practical naturalists and amateurs in any branch of 

 science. 



The Journal of Forestry, and estates man- 

 agement, an octavo magazine of 60 pp., published 

 by I. & W. Klder, 14 Bartholomew close, E. C, Lon- 

 don, with publication offices in Edinburg, Dublin 

 and 2.3 Murray street, N. Y. Price one shilling per 

 number. Tha March number of this excellent 

 journal is replete with valuable information on the 

 subject of Foresty, in which our country has a 

 growing interest. 



Eleventh Quarterhj Report of the Pennsylvania 

 State Board of Agricultural, for December, January 

 and February, 18>0-81. Contains a list of members 

 elected by the Agricultural Societies of the .State ; 

 a list of the present olBcera ; proceedings of the an- 

 nual meeting condensed from the minutes of the 

 society ; fourth annual report, of tlie Secretary to the 

 members of the board, at the annual meeting held 

 January 26th, 1880, embracing local reports, corres- 

 pondence, commercial fertilizers, suppression of 



pleuro-pneumonia, contagious diseases of live stock, 

 new source of profits for farmers, beet sugtir, forestry 

 and tree planting, silk culture, and an estimated 

 value per acre of timber land ih nineteen States 

 of the Uuion ; centrifugal creamers, by the Secre- 

 tary, with four illustrations; geology as related to 

 agriculture, by Prof. J.P.Lesley; estimated aver- 

 age value of farm lands in nineteen States of the 

 Union; a list of olHoial reporters and correspondents 

 for 1881 ; an act to regulate the manufacture and 

 sale of commercial fertilizers, and tabulated analyses 

 of fertilizers, by Dr. C4euth, chemist of the Pennsyl- 

 vania Board of Agriculture. The average value 

 per acre of timber laud seems to be highest in New 

 Jersey(8.5ii.82), and lowest in California (?8..5.5), 

 Pennsylvania standing eighth on the list (g29.70.) 

 The average value of farm land per acre, is highest 

 in .Massachusetts ($8.5.00), and lowest in New Hamp- 

 shire ($1.1.00), Pennsylvania is fifth on the lift 

 ($45.75). These papers are all interesting and val- 

 uable, especially that by Prof. Lesley on geology— 

 particularly his graphic account of an interview 

 with the old farmer, who had been looking seven- 

 teen years for coal on his land without finding any. 

 There are many people in Lancaster county that are 

 akin to the old Somerset farmer, who always have 

 their "pockets full of rocks," perhaps comforting 

 themselves, with the prospect that — "a blind sow 

 may find an acorn " 



Dairt Farming being the theory practiced and 

 methods of dairying by I. P. Sheldon, assisted by 

 leading authorities in various countries. Part 22 of 

 this excellent quarto has been received, with rather 

 more than its usual amount of practical matter in re- 

 lation to an enterprise that Interests every man, 

 woman and child in the entire civilized world, and 

 probably the moral and intellectual condition of no 

 country could be measured by no surer test than the 

 quantity and quality of its butter and cheese. When 

 we unsophisticated outsiders scan the pages of such 

 a journal, we may well be surprised at the im- 

 mensity of the field occupied by the dairy interests 

 of the world, the improvement in dairy furniture and 

 implements, the astouishing production and the ad- 

 vanced literature on the subject. The full-page plate 

 in the part before us is perhaps the very best that has 

 yet been issued, illustrated groups of improved swine, 

 including the Essex, Berkshire, Poland-china, Suf- 

 folk and Yorkshire, colored to nature, than which 

 nothing could be handsomer in that line of beauty. 

 Fourteen other wood cuts, comprising plans of fac- 

 tories, coolers, butter-workers, pails, etc., illustrat* 



this 



nber. 



The chapter on recent modifications in American 

 cheese-making, goss into practical details of this in- 

 teresting branch of human husbandry at great length , 

 including " making cheese without acid;" the ched- 

 der process; heat; setting the milk; cutting the 

 curd; stirring the curd; the rack; oxidation; salting; 

 taints; sour milk cured; curing and coloring. Also 

 a new method of making skim-mnk cheese, and 

 winding up with a statistical list of articles, with 

 prices required to thoroughly equip a factory or 

 creamery receiving the milk from .500 cows. In this 

 part is also commenced an elaborate chapter on 

 " Canadian Dairying," which jve have not space to 

 notice at this time in detail. Published by Cassel, 

 Potter, Gilpin & Co., London, Paris and New York. 

 Forty cents a part. 



The Farmer's Magazine and Ror.al Guide, a 

 12 page monthly quarto, published at Parkesburg, 

 Chester county, Pennsvlvauia, by Potts & Brothers, 

 at 25 cents a year, this is a " right down " good 

 paper— ably conducted and amply illustrated, and 

 also cheap ; and more than that, it is not "too eheap 

 to be good." It seems to us that a paper so cheap 

 arid good ought to have its price inserted into every 

 paralgraph relating personally to it, and yet if one 

 should miss seeing the terms in small type on the 

 first page, one might look in vain for a distinct state- 

 ment of it throughout the whole journal. "Single 

 copy four cents," although conspicuous enough, is 

 no indication of the subscription price per -year, nor 

 yet is any club-rate statement. We feel as proud of 

 our young neighbor as we do of our neighboring 

 county from which it hails, and would cheerfully 

 club with it at one dollar a year, for the Farmer and 

 the Parmer's Magazine. Its editorials are "level- 

 headed," and Its selections the very cream of the 

 agricultural literature of the county. Its scope is 

 the "very thing" for those who love to indulge in 

 diverse reading-luruishing as it does, that " streak 

 of lean and streak of fat," so agreeable to the 

 literary apetite of the general reader. Its columns 

 contains as much of that which relates to the local 

 interest of Lancaster and Chester counties as can be 

 found in the columns of any of its mammoth city 

 contemporaries, and yet it, like similar rural enter- 

 prises everywherejperhaps has to struggle for a local 

 recognition as energetically and perseveriugly as 

 others have, and with similar elements and influ- 

 ences " Tubs," of course, should stand upon their 

 own bottom ; " but the fashion of the world is to 

 recognize and to patronize that which can call to it, 

 aid other supports than those which are abstractly 

 its own. Well, be it so, let us "possess our souls m 

 patience"— and bide the good time that is coming. 

 Let us "wait for the wagon." 



