he adds to the tenancy, unless he liimstlf in- 

 tended it to be l)ermanent. Houses are usu- 

 ally considered as realty, and everything 

 attached, as porches, window blinds and sashes, 

 water spouts and lightning-rods, go with them.' 

 The gas pipes which convey the gas from the 

 street and distribute it throughout the house 

 are in the same category, but the gas fixtures, 

 though screwed and cemented to the gas fit- 

 tings, are held to be of the same nature as the 

 old-fashioned candlesticks, and therefore, per- 

 sonal property. This has long been held to 

 be the law as regards tenants. They may put 

 what gas fixtures they please in a house and 

 take them away again witli their kerosene 

 lamps and other illuminating apparatus. Re- 

 cently Judge Thayer' decided that this was 

 good law for the landlord as well as for the 

 tenant, and that therefore the gas fixtures do 

 not necessarily pass with the sale of the 

 house, nor are they covered by a mortgage on 

 the house. 



As a general .rule, whatever a tenant puts 

 into a dwelling or erects on the premises for 

 his own comfort, without the intention to 

 permanently annex it, he may remove at any 

 time before the expiration of his lease. This 

 would include such things as cupboards, 

 shelves, coalbins, and even a stairway has 

 been held to be within the rule. All trade 

 fixtures and temporary structures, whether 

 frame or brick, and without regard to their 

 size, may be taken down and carried off by 

 the tenant who erected then. Even a dwell- 

 ing-house is not a part of the realty if the 

 right to remove it is reserved. All the land- 

 lord can legitimately demand is to have his 

 property restored to his possession in as good 

 order as it was received by the tenant, oi'di- 

 nary wear and tear excepted. Whatever the 

 tenant put in of a movable nature he may 

 take away, but his carpenter work must not 

 injure or permanently alter the property. All 

 the decisions concur that these removals of 

 improvements and fixtures must be made 

 within the term of the lease. If the tenant 

 waits till his lease has expired, the land and 

 all that is on it, except the purely personal 

 property of the tenant reverts to the landord. 



THE TOBACCO TRADE. 



How it is Increasing in the West Branch 

 Valley. 



Coijiparatively few persons are aware of the 

 value of the tobacco crop in the West Bianch 

 "Valley for 1880, and the statistics that have 

 been gathered regarding it will be a source of 

 surprise even to tobacco-growers themselves. 

 For years the growing of tobacco on the rich 

 alluvial lands about Jersey Shore, the flats of 

 Pine creek and the vicinity of Pine station, 

 has been steadily increasing, until the crop 

 has come to be regarded as one of the staple 

 productions. It required some time for those 

 engaged in its cultivation to learn the best 

 methods of raising and curing the crop, and 

 now that they have acquired that informa- 

 tion by years of experience, they rarely fail 

 in makino; a good crop and obtaining good 

 prices. Almost any one can grow tobacco, 

 but comparatively few know how to prepare 

 it for market after it is grown, without being 

 taught the process of curing. Tliis difficulty 

 has been largely overcome by those regularly 

 engaged in the business, and the crop is now 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



one of the most profitable raised in Lycoming 

 and Clinton counties. The following figures, 

 obtained from the shipping books of the 

 Philadelphia & Erie Railroad Company, will 

 show the quantity already sent to market of 

 thecroi>of 1880: 



Slatio„x. roundK. 



Lock Haven, -...-. 48.5,773 



Wayne, - - 94,8»2 



Pine, --.-..-. 271,852 

 Jersey Shore, - - • - . . 72-'?,098 

 Willlameport, .... - hh,m» 



Monlironiery, .--... 12,074 

 Dewiirt, -.-..-. 247, «9 



Wateoiilown, 8(1,779 



Milton, ---..-.- 78,270 

 Moutaniion, 2,784 



Total, - ... - 2,0.58,8:;4 

 Here we have ar^ aggregate of over two 

 millions of pounds already shipped, and it is 

 probable that this amount has been increased 

 fully one hundred thousand pounds more, by 

 shipments that have been made since the 

 above statistics were gathered. It will be 

 noticed that Jersey Shore, as a producing and 

 shipping point, stands at the head of the list, 

 and Lock Haven somes next. Then follows 

 Pine and Dewart, with a good showing from 

 Watsontown and Milton. As the crop was 

 generally well cured, fair prices were obtained 

 on an average, and in many instances the 

 very best prices were paid by buyers. From 

 the above figures tobacco-growers and dealers 

 can readily see what a handsome sum of 

 money was realized from the sale of these 

 two millions of pounds. And as the cultiva- 

 tion of tobacco is increasing from year to 

 year, it need surprise no one to see ten mil- 

 lions of pounds produced annually between 

 Lock Haven and Northumberland before ten 

 years. In many of the best districts in the 

 valley scarcely a pound has been raised. Take 

 the great Muncey valley, for instance, which 

 is one of the richest districts in the county, 

 as well as White Deer, and one can see that 

 millions of pounds could be produced in these 

 districts alone. The day is not far distant 

 when the West Branch valley will railk next 

 to Lancaster county in the production of to- 

 bacco. — Williamsport Gazelle and Bulletin. 



WASTE MATERIALS FROM TOWNS, 

 Nearly every farmer goes to the nearest 

 village to trade, visit a mechanic, or obtain 

 his letters and papers, at least once a week. 

 He often takes a load to market, but he rarely 

 brings one home. He can, with very little 

 trouble, haul a load of material that may be 

 obtained for nothing, and which will be of 

 great benefit to his land. Most village people 

 make no use of the ashes produced in thtir 

 stoves or of the bones taken from the meat 

 they consume. Scarcely any brewer has any 

 use for the hops that have been boiled in his 

 vats, and the blacksmith hardly ever saves 

 the clippings he takes from the feet of horses. 

 All these materials make excellent manure. 

 A barrel of shavings cut from the hoofs of 

 horses contains more ammonia than ia con- 

 tained in a load of stable manure. Applied 

 to land without preparation they might give 

 no immediate results, but they would become 

 decompo.sed in time and crops of all kinds 

 wtmld derive benefit from them. They may 

 be so treated that they would produce 

 immediate results. By covering them with 

 fresh horse manure they will decompose very 



rapidly. They may also be leached in^^a bar- 

 rel and the water that covered them drawn 

 off and applied to plants. Water in which 

 pieces of horns and hoofs have been soaked 

 is an excellent manure for plants that require 

 forcing. It stimulates the growtli of tomatoes, 

 rose bushes, and house plants very rapidly! 

 and emits no offensive odors. A vast amount 

 of fertilizing material is wasted in towns that 

 farmers could obtain the benefit of with very 

 little trouble. 



TEA TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO 

 While investigating the history of tea an 

 English writer came across a rare manuscript 

 in the British Museum, giving as below a 

 quaint summary of the virtues of "the herb 

 called tea or chee." It lK)re the date of Octo- 

 ber 20, 1686, and puriwrted to I)e a transla- 

 tion of the Chinese. 



1. It purifies the Bloud that which is gros.se 

 and heavy. 



2. It vanquisheth heavy dreams. 



:i. It easeth the brain of heavy damps. 



4. Ea-selh and cureth giddiness and paines 

 in the heade. 



5. Prevents the dropsie. 



6. Drielh moist humors in the heade. 



7. Consumes rawne.ss. 



8. Opens obstructions. 



9. Clears the sight. 



10. Cleanseth and purilieth adust (*i>) nu- 

 mous and hot liver. 



11. Purilieth defects of the bladder and 

 kidneys. 



12. Vanquisheth superfluous sleep. 



i:^. Drives away dissipess, makes one nim- 

 ble and valient. 



14. Encourages the heart and drives away 

 fears. 



15. Drives away all paines of the collick 

 whicli proceed from wind. 



16. Strengthens the inward parts and pre- 

 vents consumptions. 



17. Strengthens the memory. 



18. Sharpens the will and qui.-keus the 

 midcrstanding. 



10. Pnrgeth safely the gaul. 

 20. Strengthens the use of due benevo- 

 lence— 6'c(V)i<//fc Anieriran. 



TOBACCO CULTURE. 

 How to Raise the Coming Crop. 



In our last article we gave minute direc- 

 tions about the preparation of the tobacco 

 ground for the reception of the plants. The 

 time is now at hand, in this latitude, when 

 the plants are in a sufficient state of forward- 

 ness to transplant. As the seed wiis sown 

 late, however, they are not so far advanced as 

 is usual at this lime. The untoward season 

 also retarded work on the tobacco fields, and 

 every effort should be made to get them ready 

 at the earliest possible moment, so that when 

 a favorable spell of weather comes along the 

 tobacco grower will be ready to take advan- 

 tage of it. All depends upon doing the right 

 thing at the right tiine ; in l)eing rejidy to 

 avail himself of any favorable circumstances 

 that may turn up. 



The Time to Plant. 



Plants may be set out at any time from the 

 20th of May to the same time in June. From 

 the 1st to the 10th of June we think a better 



