126 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



Fifty-four Bushels Apiece. 

 The Census Bureau gives us the grain products of 

 the United States for the year 1879. From these 

 tables we learn that fronn 62, -526,952 acres planted in 

 corn there were raised 1,772,909,846 bushels; from 

 35,487,065 acres in wheat the yield was 287,715,626 

 bushels; 30,150,611 acres of oats produced 407,970,- 

 712 btishels ; 2,005,466 acres Mevoted to barley gave 

 us 44,149,479 bushels ; the 1,^44,321 acres sown in' 

 rye brought forth 16,918,795 bushels, and the 856,- 

 304 acres of buckwheut gave a return of 9,821,721 

 bushels. The total acreage for cereals in 1S76, was 

 118,665,019, and- the yield nearly three thousand 

 millions of bushels, or an average of fifty-four bush- 

 els to each individual of our fifty millions of popula- 

 tion. No wonder two thousand immigrants arrive 

 on our shores every day. 



there. We hope to give the after treatment in the 

 proper month ; in the meantime, the celery has 

 nothing to do but grow, in which it must be encour- 

 aged by hoeing or cultivating enough to destroy all 

 weeds and keep the soil loose, taking care in these 

 operations not to throw any earth into the heart of 

 the plants. — American Ag ricnUurist . 



^Vonders of Broom Corn. 



Broom corn is likely at no distant d.ay to revolu- 

 tionize the breadstuff supply of the world. A pro- 

 cess has been discovered by which the finest and most 

 delicious flour can be made from the seed to the ex- 

 tent of one-half its weight, and leave the other half a 

 valuable food for making beef and milk. The aver- 

 age yield per acre is three hundred bushels, and in 

 many instances five hundred bushels, or thirty thou- 

 sand pounds, have been secured. Nor does it ex- 

 haust the soil as Indian corn, from the fact that it 

 feeds from the deeper soil, and assimilates its food 

 from a cruder state. It belongs to the same genus as 

 the sireet cane, commonly known as sorghum, which 

 as an article of food is growing rapidly in public es- 

 teem, and from the seed of which a most nutritious 

 flour can be obta.me(l. —Excharfije. 



Top-Dressing Meadows. 



As soon as the first cut of grass is made an appl 

 cation of well-rotted, finely-divided manure maybe 

 made with very profitable returns. The mai 

 protects the exposed surfaces of the grass plants 

 from the heat of the sun^and furnishes the necessary 

 nourishment to the roots of the plants. A new 

 growth is soon produced, making the land profitable 

 either as a pasture or for a second mowing. Agri- 



Horticulture. 



How to Plant Celery. 



The old method of setting celery at the bottom of 

 a trench is still occasionally followed, either by 

 gardeners who have done this in the old country, or 

 by our own peoi.le who have not learned the better 

 way of planting it on the surface. Celery is one of 

 the plants with which little is gained by hurrying; 

 it will not grow rapidly until after midsummer, when 

 we have the favoring conditions of warm days and 

 cool, dewy nights, and our most experienced garden- 

 ers do not set out the main crop until the present 

 month. Market gardeners grow celery as a second 

 crop, to follow an early one for which the soil has 

 been well manured ; if this cannot be done, then the 

 soil must be well enriched before planting. It rarely 

 pays to raise celery plants in a private garden, if one 

 l6 where they can be purchased. In buying plants 

 select these that look strong and stocky, a condition 

 produced by proper cutting back their leaves while 

 in the seed-bed. The plants are to be set in rows, 

 four feet apart, and six inches distant in the rows • 

 they require careful planting, and should be no 

 deeper in the ground than they were originally in the 

 seed-bed. In all transplanting, it is important to 

 have the earth closely in contact with the roots of 

 the newly, set plant ; this may be done by going along 

 the row and pressing »n each side of the plant with 

 the foot, or by carefully croVding the earth down 

 with the hands as each plant is set. If a cloudy time 

 cannot be selected for planting, then do the work to- 

 wards evening, and give a thorough watering. The 

 plants have nothing further done to them until Sep- 

 tember, when the leaves are brought to an upright 

 position, and earth is drawn around to hold them 



. Two Good Pears. 



The Giffard pear we regard as the most desirable 

 variety among the early pears ; an though we regret 

 that it is not much grown, it ought to be found upon 

 every farm and in every garden. It is shaped like 

 the Tyson, but does not get as much of a red cheek 

 in ripening, and for that reason is not a very attrac- 

 tive variety in the market. It is a rampant grower, 

 an early and constant bearer and of excellent quality. 

 We are v.-ry sure that when once introduced nobody 

 will be without it. We have had it in our fruit-list 

 for a number of years, and we shall have for gratui- 

 tous distribution next spring a large number of 

 grafts, to which all will be welcome if called for. 



The Tyson pear comes into bearing almost as 

 tardily as the Early Catharine, but is not regular or 

 productive in its yield. It is, however, a superb 

 fruit and none should be without it. In our city 

 market we believe that any quantity, however large, 

 would go offin flash. We shall also have any num- 

 ber of grafts of the Tyson to distribute in the spring. 

 As a drawback, the Tyson -is very slow in coming 

 into bearing, frequently requiring fifteen years, 

 which is rather long in our short lives to wait, un- 

 less there is plenty of room to spare which will not 

 be missed. We have) several trees and parts or trees 

 now in bearing, and get from them yearly a very 

 fair crop. A single dwarf T^son has borne freely, 

 except two years, from the second year of its plant- 

 ing; and without being able to state to a certainty, 

 we think that if the dwarfs be planted they will 

 come into bearing in two or -three years, and three or 

 four trees will be ample for a family.— Gcrmmiojcn 

 Telegraph . 



Plowing Young Orchards. 



If there is one job on the farm which requires 

 more patience and care than any other, I think that 

 plowing a young orchard is that job. Limbs are 

 broker, trunks are barked, and much more damage 

 is done to roots than to any other portion of the tree. 

 Incalculable damage may be done to roots by care- 

 less workmen in plowing deep close to the trees. 

 Some successful orchardists use oxen in plowing 

 their orchards. The advantage of using oxen is 

 that they are very slow, and theBeare no whiffletrees 

 to bark trees. The practice which I have this year 

 followed is to plow as close to the trees as possible 

 with two horses, and then finish with a single horse. 

 By setting the plow to run to land, so that the horse 

 can travel in the furrow, and using a short whitfie- 

 tree, a very satisfactory job can be accomplished. 

 With these precautionary measures, and ordinary 

 care and patience, plowing an orchard becomes a 

 matter of no great difficulty.— Co»Ht(rj/ Oenllemau. 



Garden Crops Yet to Grow. 



Shrewd gardeners are ever on the alert to get all 

 they can out of the small plot of ground at their 

 disposal. Some will get three crops of certain kinds 

 from the same land, but two are very common with 

 many. For instance, the early peas can be sown for 

 a fall crop, and very welcome they are. Beans, the 

 early and snap varieties, may be yet planted. Let- 

 tuce can be sown in drills to head ; spinach for winter 

 use; the Golden Globe, the China and red turnip- 

 rooted radish for winter use ; the turnip, of course 

 which we have already spoken of more at length ; 

 cabbage, if planted at once may yet head ; so with 

 ruta-baga. But they must all have the best atten- 

 tion—in fact, extra attention— if fair crops are e'x- 

 pected. If we consider for a moment we shall see 

 how nicely extra cropi of these things will come in at 

 a period when they are not usually enjoyed, or can 

 be put away for winter. 



A Difficulty with Shrubberies. 

 Shrubs, when set in the grass of a lawn, are often 

 dwarfed by the turf which surrounds them. Spading 

 about them only partly removes the difficulty, as 

 the spaded ground never extends to the length' of 

 the roots, which always run at least as far each way 

 as the height of the shrubs. Besides, the ground is 

 necessarily more or less defaced by the operation. 

 The true remedy is top-dressing. Superphosphate, 

 on such soils as are benefited by it, will answer a 

 good purpose and not present an unsightly appear- 

 ance like coarse manure. Finely-pulverized old 

 manure will not be objectionable. In many cases 

 liquid manure for small plunts will answer well. 

 The top-dressing should be done in autumn or very 

 early in spring, and special care must be taken to ' 

 extend it as far from the stems as above indicated. 



Apples. 



A more extensive use of apples as food at our meals 

 will do much to diminish dyspepsia and biliousness. 

 They are " loosening," and therefore tend to remove 

 constipation— a prominent cause of digestive de- 

 rangements. The acid of this fruit— one of the very 

 best known in aid of digestion— acts favorably on 

 the liver, causing it to secrete the bile, which is 

 nature' cathartic, thus preventing this constipation. 

 While eating them between meals must derange the 

 stomach— like the use of all food at that time— they 

 are really a very valuable food, demanded especially 

 in warm weather. They may be too cooling in the 

 coldest weather, while the more acid berries are 

 better in the spring and summer.— i)»-. J". H. Hana- 

 ford. ^ 



Thin the Crops. 



Many pretty good cultivators and all the poor ones 

 seem to lack the necessary courage to thin crops as 

 they should if they would secure the best results. 

 Many a vineyard has been nearly ruined because its 

 owner could not bear to pick otf and destroy the.sur- 

 plus fruit. The same is true of pears and other fruit 

 crops. Many vegetable crops need the same atten- 

 tion, and if they do receive it in time will be greatly 

 improved. Mangels, sugar beets and other roots 

 are among those that especially need attention. 

 Corn, melons, squashes and many other things will 

 also need looking after in the same way. Do not 

 neglect these important things if the best results are 

 desired. 



Summer Treatment of Calla Lilies. 

 The common practice is to remove the pots to a 

 shed or any place where they will be dry, and lay 

 them upon the side, where they may remain imtil 

 time for repotting in the autumn. Of course the. 

 roots become dry. Another plan is to remove plants " 

 from the pots to the garden, where they will remain 

 in a halfTiormant condition until autumn. No water 

 must be given and no culture is required. In the 

 autumn repot in a good, rich soil, and give plenty of 

 water, but don't water too freely until signs of 

 growth. By the latter plan flowers are secured 

 earlier in-the winter.— Fjci's Floral Guide. 



Domestic Economy. 



Timely Suggestions as to the Treatment of 

 Persons Overcome by Heat. 



1. Carry the patient carefully but promptly to the 

 nearest shade. 



2. Secure for him as much circulation of whole- 

 some air as may be possibly obtained. 



3. If the skin is hot, sponge with cold water or lee. 



4. If the head is very hot and the arteries of the J 

 neck pulsate violently apply ice. 



5. Give two teaspoonfuls of good brandy or whisky 

 every ten or fifteen minutes. The addition of two or. >'l 

 three drops of laudanum to each dose of the stimu- 

 lant prevents vomiting or purging, which is liable to 

 occur and often to prove fatal. 



Don't give large draughts of cold water or any 



