1883.] 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



69 



larger supply of albuminoid food for sheep 

 than other ruminants demand. Wool being 

 the chief profit of sheep farming, it will be 

 economy to feed oats or oil-cake pretty freely 

 to secure a liberal growth of this staple. 



I FIND coal ashes to be a very valuable 

 article to be used for many purposes. I have 

 used them for throe or four years on currant 

 "bushes for the destruction of the currant worm, 

 and find no necessity for the use of hellebore 

 or any other poison. They are as effective on 

 cucumber vines to keep off the striped bug. 

 Last year I used them on cabbages, (illing the 

 head full, and had no further trouble with the 

 worms. The cal)bages headed well, receiving 

 no injury from the ashes. The ashes are 

 better to be sifted through a flue sieve. — E. 

 J. H., in Fruit Recorder. 



A CORRESPONDENT of the Country Gentle- 

 man gives it as his opinion that, in regard to 

 scalding, boiling or steaming, an experience 

 of five years with steamed food for a dairy of 

 from thirty to fifty cows led him to the con- 

 viction that if compelled to take his choice 

 and pay for it he would pay more for the ex- 

 emption than the adoption. He is convinced 

 that cutting the long forage pays better than 

 any other preparation in a well-managed 

 dairy. 



Tomatoes raised in poorish light soil will 

 ripen ten days earlier than those raised in 

 rich soil. We know this from actual test 

 during the present season, [f large showy 

 tomatoes arc wanted, regardless of flavor or 

 time of ripening, then the rich soil and rank 

 growth are needed. Cutting off all but one 

 or two lYuits of the clusters while they are 

 small and green will also cause those remain- 

 ing to grow to a larger size. So says the 

 Sural New Yorker. 



It is marvelous how sheep and wool grow- 

 ing have increased in this country within the 

 last fifteen or twenty years. In ISGO there 

 were only about 23,000,000 sheep in the United 

 States. We now have nearly 50,000,000. In 

 1860 the wool clip amounted to only 60,000,- 

 000 pounds; to-day it is nearly :iOO,000,000 

 pounds — an increase within this period of 

 over two-fold of sheep and five-fold in the pro- 

 duction of wool, giving unmistakable evidence 

 of our advance in this industry. 



The commonly received advice to orcliard- 

 ists to scrape the rough bark from old apple 

 trees has been contradicted, some having tried 

 it and concluded that.the practice did more 

 harm than good. The rough bark is a pro- 

 tection to the tree from sudden changes of 

 temperature. The benefit often claimed from 

 scraping the trees comes from the greater at- 

 tention paid to them in other respects by men 

 who take this trouble. Whitewashing apple 

 trees is equally ineffectual for good. 



A CORRESPONDENT of the Germantown 

 Telegraph says : "Fresh, clean hog's lard 

 rubbed three or four times on any kind of 

 warts on horses or cattle will remove them on 

 three or four applications. I have removed 

 the warts time after time, and have never 

 been able to find the wart for the fourth ap- 

 plication. If I should Send the Latin name 

 for lard and tell men to pay fifty cents to the 

 druggist for about two cents worth of good 

 lard this remedy would be oftener used." 

 The first and most important consideration 



in selecting a spot for the garden is the situa- 

 tion. The most suitable is a very 'gentle in- 

 clination toward the east or southeast, that it 

 may have all the advantages of the morning 

 sun. The next preferable expo.sure is south 

 or southwest. If sheltered from the north 

 or northwest so much the better. Always 

 avoid, if possible, the neighborhood of large 

 spreading trees, as their roots will exhaust 

 the soil and their shade injure the crops. 



Charcoal is highly reconnnended as a 

 preventive of disease in slieep, and in an 

 English pamphlet the following recipe for its 

 use appears : The charcoal should be given 

 mixed with the food, except in urgent cases, 

 when it may be mixed in water or thin gruel, 

 and given as a drench. The dose is 1 pint to 

 every 2.5 head of sheep or lambs. One-quarter 

 pint per head for full-grown cattle, horses or 

 pigs ; half the quantity for young cattle, and 

 two teaspoonfuls to one dessert spoonful for 

 young calves. 



FATTENING horses is well understood by 

 jockeys, and may well fee studied by farmers 

 who have horses to sell. A horse well fed 

 and kept steadily at work will gaiu slowly and 

 his flesh will be solid and enduring. This is 

 best for the buyer, and has the advantage for 

 the seller that the horse earns his keeping 

 while being put into condition. The jockey 

 method is to feed oil-meal, exercise little or 

 not at all, and make a glossy coat, which will 

 soon become roug.i and staring when the 

 horse is put at hard work. 



All kinds of fowls are natives of warm or 

 semi-tropical climates. |However long they 

 have been domesticated, they retain their 

 liking for warm weather, or at least warm 

 quarters in cold weather. In the winter sea- 

 son tliey will do better in close houses, even 

 with little ventilation, rather than exposed to 

 severe weather. When a young chick will 

 rest under its mother's wing in a summer's 

 night at a temperature of 100, or more, there 

 is little danger of smotliering an old fowl in 

 winter in a tight house. 



At the Farmers' Institute, recently held at 

 Fredonia, a paper on the history of the Con- 

 cord grape was read by George Ilosford, in 

 which he stated that the first Concord vine in 

 the country was set by himself in 1S54, and 

 cost him ,$7, the vine being sold at $40 per 

 dozen, or $5 each. In few years he had 

 several in bearing and for sale, but no one 

 would purchase, believing it was too far north 

 for grape-growing to be profitable. His first 

 crop of 400 pounds was marketed with ilitli- 

 culty, but the second sold more readily. 



Many farmers are greatly troubled with a 

 growth of sorrel upon their lands, which is an 

 indication of neglect and exhausted fertility. 

 The weed, however, appears upon land in 

 good tilth in sea.sons when extreme drought 

 prevails or upon silicious dry ridges. The 

 best way to exterminate the pest is to sow 

 bone-dust mixed with ashes and plaster. One 

 barrel of raw bone dust, with two of ashes 

 and half a barrel of plaster, will serve to drive 

 out the sorrel on a quarter of an acre of 

 ground if applied after deep plowing. 



To CLE.VN a coat collar procure benzine 

 and a sponge and wash the cloth with it. 

 This will remove all the grease very quickly. 



Absence of ventilation, badly arranged 

 entrance of liglit and hay-racks over their 

 heads, permitting' .seeds and dust to fall into 

 their eyes, are referred to as prolific sources 

 of blindness in horses. — Chicago Journal. 



Sau.saoe CuoQirETTEs: .Sausage meat, 

 two beaten eggs and cracker dust. Mold the 

 meat into little balls, dip in the egg then roll 

 in the dust and cook slowly until done through 

 anil through. .Serve without the gravy — 

 Rural New Yorker. 



EVEiiY cook knows liow long a time it 

 takes, wlien it can least be S[)ared, to look 

 over one or two (juarts of beans. An ingeni- 

 ous friend, who is always trying to save time, 

 says : Put the beans in a colander, and all 

 the fine dirt will be shaken out, and the beans 

 specked can be picked out with ease, and in 

 a very short time. — N. V. Fosl. 



The demand for good horses increases de- 

 spite the enlarged use of steam machinery in 

 all kinds of business. There are probably 

 more horses now used to cart produce to and 

 from railroad stations than were ever required 

 for the stage routes that the railroads super- 

 seded. Yet, when the steam engine came 

 into general use for transportation, many be- 

 lieved that the days of horse breeders were 

 over. — Lansing (Mich.) Kepuhlican. 



Sweet rusk: One quart of new milk. three 

 tablospoonfuls of yeast and flour to make a 

 tliick batter. Mix at night and in the morn- 

 ing add one cup of fresh lard or half lard and 

 Ijutter, one cup of sugar, a little salt and the 

 yolks of three and the whites of two beaten 

 eggs. Mix thoroughly together, mold into 

 desired shape and let rise before baking. 

 The reserved white should be beaten slirf, a 

 little sugar added to it and spread over the 

 top of thc^usk just before they are done — 

 Exchange. 



It is the custom in most families who give 

 attention to the concerns of the table to serve 

 oatmeal and milk at breakfast. Excellent as 

 this custom is, it may be varied occasionally 

 with good effect. One way to do this is to 

 make a hasty pudding of Graliam flour ; it 

 should be made like ordinary Indian meal 

 pudding, with the exception that the Graham 

 must first be wet with cold water: it must be 

 stirred constantly ; it will require about 

 twenty minutes steady boihng and should be 

 well salted.— N. Y. Times. 



The Care of the Eye.— 1. Avoid read- 

 ing and study by poor light. 2. Light should 

 come, from the side, and not from the back or 

 from the front. 3. Do not read or study 

 while suffering great hodily fatigue, or during 

 recovery from illness. 4. Do not read while 

 lying down. o. Do not use the eye too long 

 at a time for near work, but give them occa- 

 sional periods of rest. 0. Reading and study- 

 ing should be done systematically. 7. During 

 the study, avoid the stooping position, or 

 whatever tends to produce congestion of the 

 head and face. S. Select well printed books. 

 9. Correct errors of fraction with proper 

 glasses. 10. Avoid had hygienic conditions 

 and the use of alcohol and tobacco. 11. Take 

 sufiicient exercise in open air. 12. Let the 

 physical keep pace with the mental culture, 

 for asthenopia is most usually observed in 

 those who are lacking in physical development. 



