142 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



[September, 



ami thus succeeded in making quite a percepiably 

 recognized suhstiiute for real sraolcing tobacco. Tiie 

 Piutes andlSliiisliones smoke it to a small extent, but 

 they much | rufer the white man's tobacco. Yet 

 this shows very conclusively that tobacco can be 

 raised in Nevada with the most perfect facility, if 

 not with profit. Tobacco is said to grow in any lo- 

 cality where cabbages can, but in this State it cer- 

 tainly grows in loclities where cabbages would per- 

 ish from thirst or any other nutriment. Perhaps 

 Nevada may become noted a9 a tobabco producing 

 State, by and by. — Cor. Virijinia Enterprise. 



Hort:cl .ture. 



Transplanting Celery. 



The soil best adapted to the perfect growth of cel- 

 ery is a deep, mellow, sandy loam, rather moist in 

 character, but well drained. The soil, of whatever 

 character, should be rich and thoroughly pulverized. 

 Land manured the fall previous makes an excellent 

 bed, so does ground that has been liberally manured 

 in the Spring for some early vegetable crop, as onions 

 or beets, if replowed and harrowed after the first 

 crop has been harvested. Fresh manure is injurious 

 to the plants; it induces a rough growth and renders 

 the stalk pithy instead of crisp. 



In the Northern States celery plants are set during 

 the middleof July and at the South a month or six 

 weeks later. Deep trenches have, for the most part, 

 been abandoned for the less laborious and expensive 

 mode of furrows drawn the same as for beets or 

 mangolds. 



Select cloudy or wet weather for transplanting 

 celery when possible. If done in dry weather the 

 plants will require repeated waterings and shading 

 until they are established. The rows may be marked 

 off four or five feet apart and the plants separated 

 eight or ten inches in the row. Many cultivators 

 practice cutting back the tops at transplanting to 

 render the plants stocky. 



A mixture recommended by some of our corres- 

 pondents to incorporate with the manure used in the 

 furrows consists of salt, soot and lime. This, it is 

 believed, not only acts as a preventive to worms, 

 but promotes the growth of the plants. 



There is no doubt but that the rust on celeiy is 

 caused by particles of earth which fall in among the 

 stems during the process of hilling when there is 

 rain or dew on the plants. The remedy is obvious; 

 avoid hilling or earthing up the plants except when 

 when they are quite dry, and at the final occasion, 

 neatly slant and smooth the soil so as to throw off 

 the moisture. 



Peas in the Fall. 

 The way to raise the finest quality of peas is, after 

 the first sowing, to plant them deep and mulch them, 

 60 that the soil they root in is always cool and moist. 

 In the careless manner in which peas are frequently 

 cultivated they have very little flavor and delicacy. 

 It is so with raising what is called the snapper beans. 

 They are seldom planted deep enough, and as a con- 

 sequence have no more flavor than a piece of India- 

 rubber and are about as tough, but the beans plant- 

 ed in September, and in due time are for sale in our 

 markets, are really delicious iu flavor and fairly melt 

 in the mouth. This is the result of cool soil. But 

 were these beans planted three and four inches deep, 

 as we have more than once suggested, throughout 

 tbe season, and mulched iu the hottest portion of it, 

 we could have, as with the peas, these vegetables at 

 all times up to November in perfection.— (?«vnaH- 

 town Telegraph. 



Cornell's Fancy Apple. 

 Among what may be called early apples is one 

 which is not yet well known, because it is not so old 

 a sort as many are. It is, however, one which would 

 give entire satisfaction to its owner. Many of the 

 early sorts are not well colored, but this one, Cor- 

 nell's Fancy, is an extremely handsome looking 

 fruit. The fruit is fit to eat by the middle of Au- 

 gust, but if not needed then it can remain on the tree 



for some time later. It belongs to the class of apples 

 known as sweet, but it has not the objection made to 

 some sorts of being too sweet. So far it is best 

 known in our own State and Maryland, though it 

 finds mnch favor in New York, Michigan, and some 

 of the Southern States. In small gardens apples are 

 not so satisfactory as some other fruits on account of 

 the space they occupy when a few years planted, but 

 where the proper room can be afforded this variety of 

 apple would be very satisfactory. 



Calla Lilies. 

 The calla lily, old as it is, is still a favorite flower, 

 especially with those who grow plants for window 

 decoration. It is a plant requiring but little heat, 

 has leaves of such a deep green color, setting off to 

 so much advantage its pure white blossoms, that no 

 one wonders at the estimation it is held in. Although 

 it will live and thrive in water the whole year round, 

 as often grown in fountains in Europe, it does ex- 

 tremely well in pots. The plants are usually set 

 away without attentoin iu the spring and allowed to 

 wither up, so far as the tops are concerned. In the 

 fall they are repotted, and watered regularly, and on 

 the approach of cold weather taken into the house. 

 They like abundance of water while growing and 

 flowering, but not too much heat, as stated above 

 A moderately cool room, with the pot set in a saucer 

 of water, is what suits them. 



Native Lilies. 

 Those who are familiar with the growth of our 

 moist woods must have seen and admired the beau- 

 ties of our native lilies. There are two sorts common 

 here, the Superbum and the Canademe. It is only 

 the former sort however that may be said to be com- 

 mon, for the latter, perhaps at no time very abun- 

 dant, is but seldom met with in any woods much 

 visited by the public. The Superbum grows to a 

 height of five to six feet in its native woods. The 

 flowers are brilliant scarlet, appearing about the first 

 of August. The Canadense does not grow so tall by 

 two feet. Its flowers are yellow, not so large as the 

 former, and bell shaped, the segments barely reflex- 

 ing at their points, while it is the character of Super- 

 bum to reflex, the tips of the segments turning back 

 to the stem. There are other old sorts of native 

 lilies, but they are not found about here. There are 

 some very beautiful newer ones from the Pacific 

 States which thrive very well with us, out of doors 

 with our own. Lilies transplanted from the woods 

 to our gardens grow very well, but they do not grow 

 so tall as when wild. The fall is the best time to get 

 them. They can be easily found by their flower stems. 

 They should be planted quite deep, for the bulbs 

 will not thrive unless cool . Cover them for the winter 

 with leaves, and during summer with some material 

 such as short grass, to keep the ground cool and 

 moist. Thus treated they grow and bloom well and 

 soon increase. There is a foreign lily, very common 

 in gardens, called Tiger lily. It is quite distinct 

 from the scarlet one of which we write. 



Moore's Early Grape. 

 Since the advent of the Hartford Prolific grape, 

 there has been no material advance in the produc- 

 tion of early ones. The Telegraph ripens at about 

 the same time as the Hartford Prolific does. Both 

 of these are very good sorts. The former is more 

 grown than the latter, yet it does not suit market 

 men very well, because the berries soon drop from 

 the bunches. A shipper would find his returns less 

 than they should be because of this defect in the 

 bunches. There is another grape, yet new to many, 

 which will no doubt, become popular. It is the one 

 whose name heads this article — Moore's Early. 

 Like almost all new productions of late it was sent 

 out with a great deal of merit claimed for it which it 

 does not possess. It is not a better flavored grape 

 than the Concord, yet this was claimed for it. But 

 it undoubtedly is an extra early grape, ripening in 

 this vicinity about August 25th. The writer tasted 

 some on August 16, which were good eating though 

 not ripe then. It seems of very good flavor, bunches 



not extra large, but berries large and of firm texture 

 impressing one with the idea that it will make an 

 excellent sort for those who wish to grow grapes for 

 market. It is a black grape. While so much other 

 fruit is to be obtained grapes are not much sought 

 for, but it does not harm to have one sort to come in 

 early, and this one may safely be Moore's Early. 



Honeysuckles. 



Honeysuckles are old favorites in gardens, and 

 many suppose there is nothing new to be said about 

 them. But there are now more kinds known than 

 there were a few years ago, and some of the newer 

 sorts differ in many respects from the older ones. 

 The Chinese and the Japan sorts are probably the 

 best known of all, with the addition of the Belgian. 

 The two former flower at the same time in spring. 

 Both are desirable, and are often planted together, 

 on account of the contrast in color of the leaves and 

 branches, the Chinese having red stems and leaves 

 of the same tint, while the' Japan is of a dark shin- 

 ing green. The Japan is of a very dense growth, 

 and is the more desirable of the two when the object 

 is to form a screen as well as to have bloom. Then 

 too, the Japan is very nearly evergreen, a great 

 portion of the leaves keeping on until spring, especi- 

 ally when not too badly exposed to cutting winds. 

 The Belgian is not a good one for climbing, but for 

 rockwork, cr covering an old stump, or similar pur- 

 pose, where dense growth is not wanted, it is very 

 well suited. It is one of the honeysuckles which has 

 a honey scent to the flowers, and it blooms occasion- 

 ally throughout the summer. But for a succession 

 of flowers, there are none equal to the newer, one 

 called Halleana, or Hall's honeysuckle. This does 

 not commence to bloom so early as the others named, 

 but then it flowers so profusely, and the blooms con- 

 tinue to come more or less all summer, that It is a 

 sort which cannot be done without, where flowers 

 are an object . It is not alone its overblooming 

 qualities which recommend it. It is beside a very 

 strong power, the best in that respect in fact, of any 

 of the sorts. The leaves are not of such a glossy 

 green as those of the Japan, but they are very per- 

 sistent in the winter time. It is a sort which pleases 

 all who have it. There are other kinds of honey- 

 suckles valuable in collections and for certain places, 

 such as our native scarlet and yellow sorts, which are 

 yet occasionally met with in the woods hereabouts. 

 It will be a long time before any vine is found to 

 supercede the honeysuckle for planting about our 

 homes. 



Summer Lettuces. 



Every one who has had anything to do with the 

 raising and growing of lettuces knows how dillicnlt 

 it is to get them good during the summer, especially 

 when treated in the ordinary way, that is, by sowing 

 them in seed beds and transplanting, a method of 

 treating them that is far from the best. The system 

 I have always pursued, and it is one I can strongly 

 recommend, is sowing the seed in drill rows where 

 the plants are to stand, by doing which much time 

 and labor are saved, and the young lettuces are 

 left with their tap roots intact. These drive straight 

 down into the earth, and as the plants receive no 

 check they grow very fast and attain a large size, 

 with fine, solid hearts that become well blanched, 

 and, as a natural result, are tender, crisp and juicy 

 when cut up for use in the salad. Transplanted 

 lettuces are generally the reverse of this, the reason 

 of which is that they flag through transplanting ; 

 and having lost their mainstay (the tap root) they 

 suffer during dry weather, as, instead of being able 

 to penetrate deeply into the soil and search for food 

 and moisture below, they are entirely dependent on 

 what they find within their reach above, where the 

 supply often fails. Distressed and checked hy sun 

 and drought, the tissues become hardened, and the 

 lettuces are in consequence tough and indigestible 

 and unfit to eat. The best place to get good lettuces 

 at this season of the year is on ridges between rows 

 of celery, as there they have great depth of soil, 

 owing to the addition of that thrown out from the 

 trenches, and as it is principally surface material 



