1884.J 



THE LANCASTER FARMER. 



39 



worked in the granulated state. The butter- 

 milk is washed out of it, and it is put through 

 the first working by liand on a table with 

 rollers. It is then salted down for one day ; 

 reworked next numiing ; weighed, stainiied 

 I and put up in pound lumps or lirkins for the 

 further distant markets. The creamery 

 pounds are nearly all stamped with a sheaf of 

 wheat and some private mark, like the " B. 

 W." monogram, of the Bird-in-Har.d dairy. 



The milk which has been run into another 

 set of vats is warmed by passing steam under 

 it and is kept constantly stirred with a rake, 

 to keep the curd from settling to the bottom. 

 According to the state of the milk and atmos- 

 pheric condition the cheese process varies 

 from three lo ten hours in its requirements. 

 When taken trom the vats it is thrown into a 

 strainer whence the solid parts are gathered, 

 put into the cheese presses, made into cheeses 

 of about 50 pounds each, wrapped, stamped 

 with the date of making and stored in the 

 cheese loft to dry and in about six weeks are 

 ready for the market. 



From 100 pounds of milk there are realized 

 about 3 pounds of butter and 7 pounds of 

 cheese. The waste is run off to a tank some 

 distance from the creamery, whence it is 

 pumped out as regularly as the farmers bring 

 in their milk, every patron being entitled to 

 take home with him, for swill, 75 pounds of 

 the refuse for every 100 pounds of milk 

 bought. This avoids all waste and the neces- 

 sity of stock feeding on the premises. The 

 cheese, which is of a better quality than skim 

 milk, is sold at from 9 to 10 cents ; the butter 

 varies considerably in market price. It is the 

 calculation of creamery proprietors that the 

 butter should pay for the milk, leaving them 

 the cheese as the profit on their operations. 

 The price of milk is iixed monthly and 

 changes with the butter market. It is now 

 31.40 per 100 pounds, and the arrangement 

 gives such satisfaction to the farmers, that of 

 all who have abandoned butter making and 

 taken to creamery patronage only one changed 

 back, while the number of their patrons has 

 increased steadily and is now between 65 and 

 70, some of them bringing in their milk daily 

 for a distance of five miles and more. 



Considerable opposition is manifested, 

 among the Amish farmers especially, to 

 bringing in their milk on the Sabbath and the 

 receipts on that day are only about half the 

 usual quantity ; those who thus retain one 

 day's milking usually make their own family 

 butter from it, but the abandonment of the 

 severe and profitless work of butter making 

 has proved sucli a relief and a delight, es- 

 pecially to the farmers' wives that many of 

 the patrons obtain their own supply of butter 

 from the creamery. Besides the local market. 

 Bowman & Weaver supply their agent, Chas. 

 W. Eckert, of this city, with about 100 

 pounds daily, and the balance of their pro- 

 duct is shipped to the large cities and sea- 

 shore resorts. 



That the creamery system finds favor with 

 farmers is shown by the fact that in Bucks, 

 Montgomery and Chester counties there have 

 been established in the last three years, and 

 are now in operation, about seventy-five, in a 

 few of which the co-operative plan of manage- 

 ment now prevails, mostly being private en- 

 terprises. In those counties, we are informed, 



that there is scarcely any variation in the 

 supply of milk on Sunday. 



The Bird-in-IIand creamery is in charge of 

 A. F. Kinney, formerly of the New York 

 dairy regions and later of the Quakertown 

 creamery. lie is assisted by Allan H. Hell. 

 Mr. iBowman, of the lirra of proprietors, is 

 building a hou.se on the grounds, to reside 

 there and give it his constant attention. En- 

 largement of capacity and new machinery 

 are contemplated, and the establishment of 

 other creameries is projected by the same pro- 

 prietors. — New Era. 



THE NEXT STATE r-AIR. 



The plans and specifications for the five 

 large buildings to be erected in this city by the 

 State Agricultural Society, for the State Fair 

 to be held here either next spring or in the 

 fall, have been prepared, and bids for the 

 erection will soon be invited. The Fair 

 grounds will be upon the land of William 

 Weightman, tunning from Broad street to 

 Lamb Tavern road, south of the Connecticut 

 Railroad, thirty acres of which will be in- 

 closed by a substantial fence nine feet high. 

 The society will take possession on April 1, 

 when the erection of the buildings will be be- 

 gun. The main building will be 300 feet long, 

 150 feet wide and 03 feet high, surmounted 

 by two lefty towers at each end. This, as 

 well as all the other large buildings, will be 

 of iron and wood and of handsome architec- 

 tural design. The seed, fruit and vegetable 

 display will have a special building, 200 by 75 

 feet, and 59 feet high. It will have one tower, 

 and will be furnished with every sort of con- 

 venience for a good display of the exhibits, 

 "Floral Hall " will be 125 feet square and 30 

 feet high. There will be twenty-five approaches 

 to this building, which is to be one of the 

 most attractive structures on the grounds. 

 The building for the display of poultry will 

 be 150 feet by 50 teet, and .50 feet high, and 

 on the English style of architecture. 



In addition to all these structures there 

 will be erected 425 cattle stalls and 125 box 

 stalls for horses. No trotting exhibitions will 

 be held, but there will be an oval exercise 

 track constructed after the most approved 

 pattern. This track will probably be a half 

 mile circuit. The entire cost of these build- 

 ings has not yet been fully determined upon, 

 and the plans may yet undergo some slight 

 modifications before they will be finally adopt- 

 ed, although they will be substantially as 

 described. Secretaries Seller and McConkey, 

 who have the matter in charge, were in this 

 city yesterday, and will hold a meeting soon 

 when the plans vvill be finally adopted. Over 

 8.50,000 in premiums will be offered by the 

 society. — Fhiltidclphia Becord. 



THE CABBAGE FI.Y. 



Various means have been suggested for con- 

 trolling the depredations of the cabbage fly. 

 Bouehe, the original deseriber of the fly, says 

 the plants must be preserved by dipping the 

 roots, when they are transplanted from the 

 seed-beds, into oil or lye of ashes. Powuered 

 tobacco, or the fine dust from tobacco fac- 

 tories, scattered over the plants will preserve 

 them from attack. The use of superphos- 

 phate of lime has been advised as a preventive 



agiiinst the deposit of the eggs. If cabbages 

 are not grown upon the same ground for suc- 

 cessive years, and the ground meantime thor- 

 oughly cultivated with some other crop, the 

 insects will be materially reduced in number. 

 In some experiments at the Michigan State 

 Agricultural College a strong decoction of to- 

 bacco was freely applied to the plants, but 

 without appreciable benefit. Professor J. A. 

 Lintner writes upon the subject as follows : 

 '• When the attack of larva) has reached that 

 stage of progress that the i)lants unmistaka- 

 bly show by wilting and the leaves turning to 

 a faint lead color, all such should be prompt- 

 ly taken up, and the hole left should be filled 

 with strong brine or lye to destroy any of the 

 larva; which might remain in the soil. This 

 last precaution would be unnecessary if the 

 plants be carefully lifted by means of a broad- 

 bladed knife. The accompanying ground 

 with the plant should be thrown in a deep 

 hole made for the purpose, and covered with 

 solidly-packed earth, through which the flies 

 — if any of the buried larvaj should attain this 

 stage — could not penetrate to the surface. 

 Watering the plants with lime water has 

 been found to be of service in killing the 

 larvie." Professor A. J. Cook has recently 

 recommended the following method for the 

 destruction of the larvae : Bisulphide of car- 

 bon is used. To apply it a small hole is made 

 in the earth near the main root of the plant 

 by the use of a walking stick or other rod, 

 and about one-half a teaspoonlul of the liquid 

 poured in, when the hole is quickly filled 

 with earth, which is pressed down by the 

 foot. In every case the insects were killed 

 without injury to the plants. While Pro- 

 fessor Cook, as the result of recent experi- 

 ments, believes carbolic acid to be preferable 

 to bisulphide of carbon for the protection of 

 radishes, he is still of the opinion that the 

 latter material is the most reliable in contend- 

 ing with the cabbage fly.— American Culti- 

 vator. 



BARN-YARD ECONOMY. 

 A dark stream, often of golden color, 

 always of golden value, flows to waste from 

 many an American barn-yard. This liquid 

 fertility often enters the side ditch of the farm 

 lane, sometimes on the highway, and empties 

 into a brook, which removi-s it beyond the 

 reach of plants that would greatly profit by it. 

 Mice may gnaw a hole into the granary and 

 daily abstract a small quantity of grain, or 

 the skunks may reduce the profits of the poul- 

 try yard, but these leak.s are small in com- 

 parison with that from the poorly constructed 

 and ill-kept barn-yard. The most valuable 

 part of manure is that which is very soluble, 

 and unless it is retained by some absorbent, 

 or kept from the drenching rains, it will be 

 quickly out of reach. Manure is a manufac- 

 tured product, and the success of all farm 

 operations in the older states, depends upon 

 the quantity and quality of this producer. 

 Other things being equal, the farmer who 

 comes out in the spring with the largest 

 amount of the best quality of manure, will be 

 the one who finds farming pays the best. A 

 barn-yard, whether on a hill-side or on a 

 level, with all the rains free to fall upon the 

 manure heap, should be so arranged as to lose 

 none of the drainage. Side-hill barn-yards 



