THE LANCASTER FARMER- 



91 



The industry has developed wonderfully iu 



'alifornia, to which State the first premium 

 kvas awarded last year, and in the South and 

 East many are taking hold of the work. Tlie 

 uct being established that cocoons can be 

 produced in paying quantities, the problem 

 became how to have these reeled in suflicient 

 quantities to keep pace with the supply, there 

 being no steam filatures in this section of tlie 

 country and tlio liand reels used here being 

 inade(iuate to the increased task. To develop 

 this important feature of the industry the firm 

 of Strawbridge& Clothier brought to this city 

 a foreign steani reel which is now running suc- 

 [Cessfully iu this hall. By this means the con- 

 itinuous development of the silk from the worm 

 through the successive stages of the cocoon, 

 the reeled silk and the woven fabric becomes 

 ti matter of assured fact, and we see that silk 

 culture, which needs only time to become a 

 •great national industry, is successfully being 

 illustrated in all its stages in this country at 

 the present. 



This is a state of affairs that is especially 

 gratifying to every citizen, and while we 

 measure the importance of these results thus 

 far attained, it must not be forgotten that to 

 the fostering care and patient work of the 

 imembers of the Women's Silk Culture Asso- 

 Iciation the result is largely due. Let us re- 

 member this, and in thus honoring these 

 ladies whose far-sighted wisdom has foreseen 

 [these results,and whose well-directed energies 

 have produced them, we shall but be giving 



honor to whom honor is due." 



First premium, of SlOO, to Miss E. Wools- 

 ton, Pemberton, N. J. There were 160 co- 

 coons to the quarter pound, and the yield in 

 reeling, 1 21-100 ounces of silk, and 2 79-100 

 ounces of waste. One hundred cocoons yield- 

 ed 70,00 of an ounce of reeled silk. White 

 mulberry was used in feeding the worms. 



Second premium of $75, to Messrs. Riedze 

 & Mantz, San Jose, Cal. There were 165 co- 

 coons to the quarter pound, and the yield in 

 reeling, 1 13-00 ounces of silk, and 2 87-1000 

 ounces of waste. One hundred cocoons 

 yielded 08,100 of an ounce of reeled silk. 

 White mulberry was used in feeding the 

 worms. 



Third premium, of $65, to Mrs. A. Will- 

 iams, Riverton, N. J. There were 173 co- 

 coons to the quarter pound, and the yield in 

 reeling, 17-100 ounces of silk, and 2 93-100 

 ounces of waste. 100 cocoons yielded 62-100 

 of an ounce of reeled silk. Osage orange wa's 

 used in feeding the worms. 



Fourth premium, of $60, to Miss Anna M. 

 Mantz, San Jose, Cal. There were 196 co- 

 coons to the quarter pound, and the yield in 

 reeling, 1 15-100 ounces of silk, and 2 85-100 

 ounces of waste. 100 cocoons yielded 59-100 

 of an ounce of reeled silk. White mulberry 

 was used iu feeding the worms. 



Fifth premium, of $50, to Miss Clara S. 

 Lewis, Virgil City, Mo. There were 190 co- 

 coons to the quarter pound and the yield in 

 reeling was 1 7-100 ounces of silk and 2 93- 

 100 ounces of waste. 100 ounces yielded 56- 

 100 of an ounce of reeled silk. Osage orange 

 was used in feeding the worms. 



Sixth premium, of $50, to Mrs. George Derr, 

 Germantown, city. There were 170 cocoons 

 to the quarter pound, and the yield in reeling 

 was 92-100 ounces of silk and 3 8-100 ounces 



of waste. 106 cocoons yielded 34-100 of an 

 ounce of reeled silk. White mulberry was 

 used in feeding the worms. 



Seventh premium of .$40, to Mrs. vV. Hayes, 

 Chester, Pa. Tliere were 208 cocoons to the 

 quarter pound, and the yield in reeling was 

 1 11-100 ounces of silk and 2 89-100 ounces of 

 woste. 100 cocoons yielded 53-100 of an ounce 

 of reeled silk. Wiiite mulberry was used in 

 feediug the worms. 



Eighth premium of .$30, to Mrs. Augostiria, 

 PhiliMlelphia. There were 236 cocoons to the 

 quarter [lound, and tlie yield in reeling was 1 

 23-100 ounces of silk and 2 77-00 ounces of 

 waste. 100 cocoons yielded .53-100 of an 

 ounce of reeled silk. White mulberry was 

 used in feeding the worms. 



Xinth premium, of $'.'5, to Mrs. Anna 

 Ilusted, Liberty, Ind. There were 182 cocoons 

 to the quarter pound, and the yield in reeling 

 was 96-100 of an ounce of silk and 3 4-100 

 ounces of waste. 100 cocoons yielded 53-100 

 of an ounce reeled silk. Osage orange was 

 used in feeding the worms. 



Tenth premium, of $10, to MissM. B. Low- 

 ery. Portsmouth, Ohio. There were 233 co- 

 coons to the quarter pound, and the yield in 

 reeling was 1 13-100 ounces of silk and 2 87- 

 100 ounces of waste. 100 cocoons yielded .50- 

 100 of an ounce of reeled silk. Osage orange 

 and White mulberry were both used in feed- 

 ing the worms. 



The association has prepared a memorial to 

 Congress indorsing the act providing for the 

 creation of a silk culture bureau abd establish- 

 ing silk culture stations under the direction of 

 the National Government. 



DISEASES OF THE SUMMER. 



These diseases occur at all seasons of the 

 year and in all climates, but they are most 

 common within the tropics and elsewhere 

 most frequent in hot seasons. From the mor- 

 tality list of the city of Philadelphia it is 

 found that the deaths from these affections 

 during the summer as compared with the win- 

 ter is in the proportion of three to one. The 

 causes of diarrhcea are numerous— exposure 

 to cold and wet, exposure to intense heat, 

 drinking of foul water,exhaustion and fatigue 

 over-exertion, but the most common cause is 

 disturbed or arrested digestion. The diarrhoea 

 which follows imprudence in eating is familiar 

 to every one. The imprudence may consist 

 either in over-eating or in the use of improper 

 food, as unripe fruit and raw vegetables. Dis- 

 turbance of the nervous system and intense 

 mSntal emotion occasionally give rise to a 

 transient diarrlioia. Tlie case is reported of 

 a surgeon who, while performing an important 

 operation was so affected by anxiety and the 

 sense of his responsibility, that a violent at- 

 tack of diarrhtea immediately came on, and 

 he was obliged to relinquish his instruments 

 and retire from the room. 



Although diarrho'a is a symptom of disease 

 rather than a disease itself, yet in many cases 

 it is the chief symptom, and with the relief of 

 the diarrhcea a cure is established. It is a 

 symptom of many different diseases, as of con- 

 sumption, some forms of Bright's disease, 

 typhoid fever, congestion of the liver, etc. 

 Diarduea is generally free from danger,except 

 in the ct.se of very young children or in aged 

 persons with enfeebled constitutions, or when 



the diarrhoea has been long continued and 

 severe in character. Fortunately, the greater 

 number of the cases of summer diarrhoea in 

 adults are of a simple character and cease 

 upon the removal or avoidance of the cause, 

 which is, as a rule, not difficult to discover. 



In the treatment of cases of diarrh(ea, the 

 first thing will be the removal of the cause. 

 If it arises from the presence of some offend- 

 ing material in the intestinal canal, it must 

 be got rid of by the administration of a dose 

 of rhubarb, castor oil or some other liixative. 

 Rest is an important factor in the treatment, 

 recumbent posture as nearly as possible. The 

 diet must be regulated. All articles difficult 

 of digestion must be eschewed ; rich and 

 greasy food, vegetables, fruits, and generally 

 solid animal food. Milk and milk-foods, the 

 lighter starch foods, rice and the like, arrow- 

 root and sago, custards, meat-broths, dry 

 bread a day old or toasted, make up the bill of 

 fare. A warm poultice or a mustard plaster 

 may be applied to the abdomen. If any treat- 

 ment further than this is needed, it should be 

 under the direction of a physician. 



Dysentery 

 has been known as a disease since the earliest 

 period of medical history. It is a disease of 

 hot climate ; within a belt of 35° north and 

 south of the equator there are lands never 

 free from it. With us it is rare in the epi- 

 demic form except in military life, but is com- 

 mon enough as a scattered or sporadic dis- 

 ease in the hot season, to be classed properly 

 among the diseases of summer. Unlike 

 diarrhoea, dysentery is a disease, not merely a 

 symptom ; the epidemic form is thought to be 

 a specific disease, and caused by a specific 

 poison. The characteristic manifestations of 

 the disease are distressing, twisting, colicky 

 pains in the abdomen, with a constant tor- 

 menting desire to have the bowels moved, and 

 violent straining and bearing down pains, 

 these efforts resulting in the passage of small 

 amounts of mucus or blood, or these com- 

 mingled, often nothing more. The disease 

 may last from four to twenty-one days, or 

 may pass into the chronic form, when it is 

 often most intractable. The immediate mor- 

 tality from this disease varies from five to 

 thirty per cent, of those attacked. The causes 

 of the disease are much the same as those that 

 cause diarhoea. This is often times a serious 

 disease, and the responsibility of the manage- 

 ment of each case should be promptly trans- 

 ferred to medical hands. 



Summer Colds. 

 There is scarcely one of us but knows what 

 it is "to catch cold," and the disagreeable 

 sensations attending the process. The pre- 

 disposing cause is fatigue, mental or physical 

 exhaustion— in a word, that condition of the 

 nervous system which we call "tired." The 

 immediate causes are : A lowered tempera- 

 ture, air in movement, and moisture, or some 

 combination of these three. Although colds 

 are most common in cold and damp weather, 

 they are by no means unfrequent in summer, 

 without doubt by reason of the greater physio- 

 logical activity of the skin, and the temptation 

 to relax our customary watchfulness in such 

 matters. A "cold in the head" is a minor 

 hardship. at any time, but a summer cold is a 

 hardship indeed. It is easy to catch and 

 much harder to get rid of, being kept up by 



